The Thinkers of Europe and colonialism and exploitation programs

The thinkers of each society clearly reflect the society's status in which they live. The notion that they form a separated class in the society is a void hypochondriasis, and although the European thinkers speak about equality and rejection of tyranny and so on, they want to implement these ideas in the communities in which they live, not the other communities. At the same time that Rousseau, Montesquieu, John Locke and others spoke of the equality of human beings, their respective countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America had been colonized and exploited communities. Interestingly, not only no demonstration is done on behalf of them, but try these thinkers tried to consolidate their position in the colonial countries.
In the 18th century, just as the bourgeoisie of England and France in India and elsewhere was busy doing exploitation, murder, slavery of humanity and violations of the human rights of people, the capitalist process of West and what was under the title of "national capital" and " national wealth and sovereignty " was founding political philosophies, economic and historical infrastructure and foundation of thinkers of the West.
Problem of colonial of lands beyond the sea was also discussed by scientists in the same framework. At this point it is better to remind talks of Field House, one of the West's colonial history experts, to make the issue more clear:
Economic possibilities of colonized lands (measure of the thinkers) were classified. The lands were considered as a manufacturer of raw materials at the service of owners (the colonizers) to let them free of affiliation to the storages in Europe, which could have been stopped by the war and often had monopoly prices. In addition, manufactured products could be paid instead of colonies' products, and thereby saving on foreign exchange and colonies' products may be re-exported to Europe in order to help the trade balance. The opposite was also possible: colonies were counted desirable and unique markets for Europe's exports because they were monopoly and helped to create work (and preventing unemployment) in industry of colonial country. As colonized countries were under and function, it would have prevented the foundation of the industry in there and their economy could fully find a complementary role. Such conversations (and arguments) that were formed based on the objective observations about the established way of work was a support for writers and policymakers in France and England from the second quarter of the 17th century to the early 19th century: people like Richelieu, Colbert and Veban in France, and Child, Patty, Dawanant, Defoe, Arthur Young and many others in the UK.
For sure the thinkers did not negative idea for colonialism and imperialism. On the other hand, they are trying to prepare domination backgrounds for their own countries and in this regard, they have been trying to despise and ignore the cultures and civilizations of these countries. It is true that in these countries, especially from the 19th century onwards, parties and intellectuals appeared that called imperialist aggressor, but they were not effective and their words were limited in the books and articles.
Hans Ken, the famous American historian who has divided the world civilizations into two types of moving civilization and sleepy civilization, believes that Western imperialism woke up sleepy civilizations of Africa and Asia and gave it new life. Adolf Berlet, the famous American sociologist, also goes further and says: if there was no colonialism, nations of Asia and Africa could not come into existence and neither could reach civilization of the twentieth century.
French Montesquieu, who talks in his famous book "the spirit of the Laws" about the natural law, the need for freedom, equality, fraternity, separation of powers, constitution, constitutional and parliamentary monarchy and had a special place in clarifying public opinion in the French Revolution, is promoting slavery and knows slavery of Africans to Europeans as a natural issue and thinks it is their right to be taken as slaves.
He writes in the book "the Spirit of the Laws": if it is to accept that we have the right to take blacks as our servant, I will say this: as European nations killed American natives, they were forced to take Africans as servants to use them in agricultural lands. If slaves did not care sugar plant (sucrose), sugar would have been too expensive. These creatures are black from head to toe and their noses are so broad that it is almost impossible to feel pity for them by seeing such a view and we cannot think about this idea that the wise creator has put a pure soul in such a black and ugly body.
One reason that shows blacks are deprived of consciousness is that they care a necklace made of gold necklaces more than a golden one while gold is extremely important to civilized nations.
It is impossible for us to assume that these creatures are mankind, as if we assume that they are mankind, then we should we think that we are not Christians as well. Stupid people exaggerate about the injustice against blacks, because as if it was like what they say, couldn’t kings of Europe sign a public contract about tolerance and compassion about blacks, while they sign all those useless contracts?
Montesquieu, who fights the tyranny of France, knows this type of rule to the tropical (non-EU) appropriate. He writes:
It should not be surprising that disability and frailty of people in warm lands has always led to their slavery and coldness and audacity of climates has enabled them to maintain their freedom. This is due to a natural cause.
Hegel also says frankly: East lacks the necessary human and cultural properties to achieve their "freedom" by their own. Hegel actually says ironically that it is a task of West to dominate Eastern cultures to let them free. According to Hegel, inherent slavery of Eastern people is due to their internal limitations - including "cultural" and "intellectual" limitations - is worse than any of their captivity imposed by the West, and Perhaps more importantly, however, the only way for the Eastern people to achieve universal history and the realization of a cultural superior world is acceptance of Western superiority.
Hegel is also far from realism on judging about the Crusades. Regardless of the political, economic and social motivations in crusades, he described demand of Christians in those wars only as "access to the imminent existence and present of the Lord". In other words, by dealing with Islam and Muslims, in fact, he pretend the growing bourgeoisie of the West that Islam by those reprehensible properties, now is on the corner of poverty and it is duty of colonial procedure of bourgeois civilization of West to do colonialism and exploitation of Islamic lands to ensure the success and victory.
Hegel's divided nations of the world into two groups of historical and non-historical and believes that the first group contributed to human progress, but the second group did not have corporation in world's spiritual growth. He says about Africa: there was no trace of historical evolution in this continent and the fate of the northern margin of the continent interlinked with the fate of Europe; Carthage as a colony of the Phoenicians was considered appendix of Asia and Egypt was alien with African thoughts.
Hegel's conception mostly had a profound influence on scientific researches related to Africa during the nineteenth century. Scientists of School of historic and cultural interest prevented acceptance of the idea of developing uniformity that includes all humanity, and represented a hypothesis totally opposed to it that thought presence of various centers of civilizations absolutely needed: the centers which are identifiable from each other by inherent and real criteria particularly related to material cultures.
According to the European, Eastern people or Arabs are gullible and naïve people that "have no energy or motivation" and mostly like flattering and curry, and prefer to deceive and have an affair, trickery, and lack of compassion towards animals. Orientals cannot walk on the road and sidewalks because their distorted minds are unable to immediately understand what intelligent Europeans can understand. Orientals are ancient liars. They also suffer from fatigue and obesity and pessimistic ideas, and in all cases they are in opposite side of clarity, directness, and nobility of Anglo-Saxon race.
Therefore, forerunners of the Enlightenment by their words and writings have made the world into believing that the world beyond Europe's borders consists of savage people and only Europe embodies the highest civilizations and competencies to overcome all cultural values of the world and all political, military, industrial, social and cultural issues of the world. The eversion plot of history was done with three characteristics:
1. Stay silent in facing the glory of non-European civilizations;
2. Misrepresenting the values of civilizations of others;
3. Pretending to the world that what made Europe superior to the rest of the world was philosophy and intellectual foundation and approach to reason and rationalism and getting away from tradition and old habits, not necessarily the pursuit of knowledge and technology and experts.
The implicit assumption of most of the scholars in the nineteenth and early twentieth century was the belief in the eternal supremacy of the West over the East.
Because of this attitude, even some introduced forced labor as a huge blessing:
We want to turn indigenous people into useful men (it is from the statements of Governor of Kenya, Lord H. Conway Bell Field in 1917) and the best means to achieve this goal is to encourage him to spend some of his time for working for of Europeans.
Given such considerations, William McNeill says in the book In Search of power:
The world was created in a whole unit with an impression, the event that has never existed before, and in Europe there was no corner which did not meet the criteria of the Empire and economy was hungry for overseas lands, hungry for raw materials, cheap labor, profitable lands and diplomacy and military facilities abroad were mostly under operation and maintenance of sectors and parts of the vast far territory and people under its subordination. When Western powers were not involved in conflicts in the lands- and often these wars were over the competition to acquire more colonies with opponents. According to V.J. Cairns: All modern democracies imitate each other, and they are strongly working on housing, search, survey and it is obvious that rule over their territories will be based on their jurisdiction.
Zionism, which is in fact a branch of the imperial system of colonial countries, poses the same policy on the Arab and regional countries. As the Israeli government announced a historical honor has come to people of Israel in form of contribution to the development and progress of underdeveloped nations which is a task as well.