Translator: Davood Salehan
Source: Rasekhoon.net







The concept of Ideology both in the academic world and in the political debate in the world and especially in Iran is a controversial discussion. There are different interpretations of ideology. We can look at it scientifically from at least three perspectives. First, from the perspective of political thought, second, from the perspective of sociology of knowledge and third from the perspective of historical sociology.
In the framework of political thought, the concept of ideology is in the sense of idealism and includes four main elements: First, explain the current situation; second, evaluate and critique of the current situation; Third, presentation and drawing a favorable situation instead of the situation which is criticized; and fourth, providing a way to achieve the desired status.
In The sociology of knowledge, Ideology is a set of votes and beliefs that are given to justify the current situation. Do this view placed at the first. Specially, From the perspective of Marxist ideology Used in the sense of false consciousness. Therefore, from the perspective of ideology to justify the status quo is used.
In The third view that is the historical sociology, Ideology is a system of thought including effective social values or collective consciousness or social idealism or even a historical force. There is a relation between the historical sociology and political thought in the concept of ideology. That is what is called the political thought as an ideology, in the historical sociology takes the social dimension.
Other words, historical sociology, ideology does not mean Ideas and idealism and here Idealism becomes a social belief. The problem of rejection of the current situation and seeking the ideal situation in the historical sociology becomes a cultural and social nature and this phenomenon is called ideology.
So far, in theories of revolution was not paid much attention to the human factor. Scotch Paul sums up His theory about the genesis of the revolution in this phrase: "Revolutions are going op, not being built!"
It means that the human and collective willness are not effective in the prevention revolution. But of course revolution occurs and ideology cannot have a role in it. But after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Scotch Paul qualified his theory and Noted to the role of ideology in the revolution, particularly the Islamic Revolution.
In conclusion we can say Despite of the fact that Many existing research Even the ideology of the Islamic Revolution did not care role, But experts And researchers who didn't pay much attention to the role of ideology in the Islamic Revolution are very few in numbers. I believe that the relation in ideology and religion in the Islamic Revolution is very important. In other words If the relationship between ideology, Religion and Revolution properly understood, it will be analyzed the role of Imam Khomeini.
The academic debate about ideology and religion is specified in two groups: According to the first view, religion is essentially justifying the same interpretation of the concept of ideology is the sociology of knowledge, Here is religion. The second approach considers religion inherently idealistic. This is the same sense of ideology in the framework of political thought and historical sociology. From this perspective, Religion is a social force through prophecy and in social beliefs can become an ideology. The divine origin and Secular religion has no difference.
Although these two approaches are apparently two polar opposites, but a common denominator with the same common denominator is their biggest drawback in the sense that Both nature-oriented interpretation of religion, with the difference Considers that one religion to justify the status quo
And the idealistic. Another interpretation is that the holistic nature of this interpretation, interpretation is functional. That is not required Explore nature of religion be significant in relation to the concept of ideology. Because we cannot take religion into an ideology even as idealistic limit. On the other hand History shows us that Religion is simply no justification function. So it is not the historical sociology of knowledge can bring control
and not be idealistic view of religion in the abstract idealism. Issues such as civilization, spiritual needs and spiritual are prevented that religion is not only limited to ideology.
If we look at the issue of functional view, we are not forced to limit religion to justify or idealistic element. Historical evidence shows that Function and character of freedom of religion had been idealistic. Especially the Abrahamic religions has always been against the current situation, this situation purely metaphysical aspect. Especially Islam Economic, social and political structures have always been on conflict. So in this sense the ideological function of religion is contrary to the status quo and even the current situation is explained. So with this interpretation, Religion cannot be limited idealistic function and at the same time, the nature of the work.
About the role of Imam And the ideas of Shariati About ideology, religion and revolution,
There is a common feature And it is Both trying explained remove dust from the face of religion. In other words they try operation highlight the idealistic religion.
Of course Shariati Frankly, sometimes with a bit extreme Religion considers utopian ideological means. Shariati stated where this point But in general the argument on his behalf is broad enough that certainly cannot be said Shariati religious ideology (in the utopian sense) knows.
With all of these elements Emphasis on the ideological and religion By Shariati Is more prominent and more explicit.
In my opinion, there are three categories in the views of Imam Indicating that the emphasis on ideology he is being idealistic. Of course, one of these three categories: Individual action is related to his personal life. The first category His emphasis on the human will. Imam explicitly in the book "will and desire" With the question of human will in terms of verbal, As are the subject of the Middle
And say, man is completely dependent on the will of algebra or not And on the other hand Will not only determine human behavior. Nevertheless According to Imam The role of human will is crucial. As they say: "Good work is the origin of heaven, and corrupt practice is the origin of hell." In other words Imam Metaphysical topics Such as Resurrection With related human will know. They talk of perfection as the goal of human existence are and nature and human nature in pursuit of perfection as well. Thirdly, is fighting against oppression. Imam anti-tyranny with this interpretation clarifies that: "Prophesy to break the pillars of oppression." Argues. Reflecting the thinking and aspirations in his personal and political action It can be seen clearly.
Therefore, According to the above-mentioned three categories, we can sense his thoughts, Oppression or liberation theology and theology. The rich scale than now exists in Latin America, witnessed. If this view Imam comes to vote Rejecting the status quo and rejects domination And efforts to build an ideal situation Imam is seen as a good idea. Of course, this ideal only the political, social and economic is not limited. The important thing, Human existence And if the human being finds perfection The objective conditions and historical It provided for the growth and development It also requires that Changing the status quo Ideally replace it.
In Shariati's ideas we can clearly see these three elements.
Shariati also Explaining the current situation and criticism of it in the context
"Alienation", "Bigotry and exploitation" suggests and serious criticism
the current situation throughout the work Shariati Is visible. He desired situation
in the form of mysticism, equality and freedom Presented. From the perspective of Shariati Within the existentialist views or liberal it is not enough. On the other hand Discussion equality socialist view does not solve the problem alone.
In addition, it should be noted that total between the two views (socialism and liberalism) it does not create favorable conditions. Only with mysticism
we can imagine that the ideal situation. Shariati topic Way to achieve the desired three categories of Work, worship and social struggle In connection with the

Imam Khomeini and Shariati each, in turn, And in the form of different interpretations and discussions
Trying to justify the removal of the character of Gary The attitude of religion and emphasis on function idealism And has been liberating. But a social and political movement. According to anti-oppression Based on religion founded And Shariati, an intellectual movement the idealistic religious orientation
Began. In this regard in an historical context, Imam Religious culture, Iranian society changed
Shariati of Iran's political and compulsive a significant portion The educated class and the intellectuals were Religious-ideological character of ourselves. Organic link or organic these two current in the cultural and political life 50 late in Iran, The historical role of religion with ideological function emancipatory in line with the Islamic Revolution achieved.

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