Translator: Davood Salehan
Source: rasekhoon.net







 

Abstract

In the holy Quran, Sons of Israel are paid attention more than any other nations and the stories of their deprivations and deviations are repeatedly cited in Quran. The purpose of Quran in explaining stories of past nations, especially the story of sons of Israel, is to make Muslims take examples: “There is, in their stories, instruction for men endued with understanding” (Joseph, 111). This paper won’t enumerate deviations of Jewish people cited in different books and articles, rather it aims to specify the roots and causes affecting those deviations from the viewpoint of holy Quran.
The present paper tries to choose reasons for deviation which apart from being a kind of deviation from the path of truth, paves the way for greater deprivations like polytheism and idolatry among Jews.
Keywords: deviation, deviations, deviance, Jew, Sons of Israel, Jews, factors.
Factors affecting deviation in Jews cited in the Qur'an can be divided into two main groups: the beliefs, thoughts, ideas and wrong fantasies placed in the Jewish soul and other vices that are an integral part of Jewish life and other factors involved in their ignorance of the details of which are as follows:

1. False Beliefs

Correct religious beliefs influence all behaviors of believer humans and save him from failure, insouciance, lewdness, weakness and distress, and vice versa behavior and thoughts of an unorthodox human are like astonished particles that are moving around aimlessly.
Islam starts making humans from ideas and considers the first step towards the acknowledgment of Islam to be believing in the oneness of God and the mission of the Prophet of Islam. In other words, first a clean belief and then good deeds. Unless the person is unitary, expecting him to adhere to the laws of God is a false expectation and that is exactly why more Maki verses and chapters are devoted to issues of faith, monotheism, prophethood and resurrection.
Because Jews have had unhealthy intellectual infrastructure, many distortions appeared in their action speech, because they lacked religious conscience that controls all things into one's hands, and guiding people to the right path is the true path.
Some false beliefs pertaining to Jews that caused their deviation and their tendency to evil deeds are as follows:

1.1 Sensualism as a factor leading to polytheism

People who consider sense to be the only way to the knowledge of the universe and deny other means of knowledge are called sense-oriented. The background of tendency to sensuality had been in past human belief, including the sons of Israel, but this flow has been stated as an independent system of knowledge and philosophy in the minds of people like Francis Bacon.
As mentioned, the sensuality had been among corrupt beliefs common among the Jews of Israel which had been the source of many of their deviance. Originality of the sense had been one of their fixed opinions and that their thoughts which shows itself clearly in their actions and thoughts even in their God-worshiping. “And remember ye said: "O Moses! We shall never believe in thee until we see Allah manifestly," but ye were dazed with thunder and lightning even as ye looked on” (The Cow, 55).
Material sense was the only way of knowledge among sons of Israel and miracles, verses and divine giving cannot make any change in them.
The result of such conviction and confinement to the world of the senses, is the tendency to paganism. As Jews' tendency to sensuality led to their request to meet God openly and when such a request was not fulfilled, they got to work and created a palpable god for themselves and started worshiping calf and idolatry.

1.2 Determinism as a leading factor of idolatry and breach

When the Prophet Moses returned to his people from miqat and noted that many of the Israelites had abandoned worshipping God and had turned to worshiping the calf, he became very angry and sad and censured those rebellious people for violating their covenant with Prophet Moses for worshiping God.
“So Moses returned to his people in a state of indignation and sorrow. He said: "O my people! Did not your Lord make a handsome promise to you? Did then the promise seem to you long (in coming)? Or did ye desire that Wrath should descend from your Lord on you, and so ye broke your promise to me?" They said: "We broke not the promise to thee, as far as lay in our power: but we were made to carry the weight of the ornaments of the (whole) people, and we threw them (into the fire), and that was what the Samiri suggested” (Ta-Ha, 86-87).
One of the habits common among guilty people is that the sinner to show himself innocence tries to load transgression from his neck and put on the shoulders of others. Sometimes he condemns social environment, arguing that if the situation was not so and so, he would not commit that error; sometimes he would blame other people and say if somebody did not so and so, I would not do the erroneous act.
But worst of all is that human relate his errors and sins, especially his major sins such as polytheism- to God and believes that if God did not want, he would not provide conditions of sin.
Belief in determinism and negating the authority of man had opened the way for the commission of any offense and gives him the courage to commit sins. According to this view, man has no control in not doing sin and therefore the system of punishment and reward, Heaven and Hell, is unfounded and without reason, because someone who does not have authority to carry out actions, does not deserve reward or somebody who caught up in the trap does not deserve punishment. The righteous and the evil from the beginning has been identified and their efforts to change their fate is a fruitless effort.
Imam Ali in response to a man from Sham who had asked: Is our going to war against Shami people a divine decree? Had replied: God have mercy on you, maybe consider fate to be deterministic and finite; if this was so, reward and punishment would be futile and the promise of heaven and hell would be cancelled. God gives orders to his creatures and at the same time provide them with the ability to choose; He has prohibited certain things with fear and dictated them but with simplicity so that they do work with their own will. He had not ordered them to do laborious tasks and has assigned any small deed a great reward.

1.3 Racism

In studying the history of Israel in the Qur'an and other history books, it is concluded that one of the essential ideas of Jewish life at all ages is their belief in racism and Jewish supremacy over other nations and as stated in the protocol of Zionism: "Among our people and non-Jews are significant differences in terms of talents and abilities, and thus our people have the highest level of humanity and non-Jews, although their eyes are open apparently, but do not see anything".
That is while Islam-whether in the Quran or traditions- have often fought racism and have rejected this belief and instead consider the superiority of human beings to be based on virtue and avoiding sins.

1.3.1 Racism as a cause of wrong fantasies

Superiority is a cause of blindness of heart and gives him the courage to sin and imprison him in the absurd and unfounded illusions. A racist and conceited person knows certain rights for his race that has never been his rights. Among the delusions of the Jews rooted in their belief in the superiority of race, can be named as follows:

i) Considering heaven to be solely for Jews

Jews racism went so far that the Jewish people deserve the divine blessing, arguing that only people who deserve to enter Paradise are of the Jewish race. God has revealed this false belief in the holy Quran and says: And they say: "None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian." Those are their (vain) desires. Say: "Produce your proof if ye are truthful." (The Cow, 111)
It worth noticing that Jews did not tell Christians can enter paradise too, nor Christians deemed Jews worthy of paradise and each one wanted paradise for their own and believed that the other religion are pagan.
But God rejects the claim for monopoly of heaven to a certain race and reject it as nothing more than claims, wishes and words of falsehood without reason.
In fact sons of Israel wished so much to monopoly heaven for Jewish people that had in mind a right for their own people and assumed that it is only their right to enter Paradise.
In other verses of Quran, the existence of such false beliefs among Jews can be seen: Say: "If the last Home, with Allah, be for you specially, and not for anyone else, then seek ye for death, if ye are sincere.” (The Cow, 94).
In this verse Jewish belief of monopoly paradise have been denied in a new way. God says: If they are honest in their words and are only people who deserve to enter heaven, therefore death for them is better for life of this world along with its problems and sorrows, and grief and such people certainly prefer death to life; that is while Jews never wished to die.
Not only they don't have a death wish but are elusive from death, so they are also not firmly sure that better life after death is awaiting them, otherwise they wished death immediately so as to attain eternal welfare and comfort.

ii) Delusion of temporariness of Jews retribution

Belief in the supremacy of the Jews has led to their desire to blackmail; they believed that the Jewish sinners experience just a few days of retribution, then they will be in the paradise of God forever. Their ambition is not compatible with any logic and tact points and the Qur'an emphatically, declare it invalid: And they say: "The Fire shall not touch us but for a few numbered days:" Say: "Have ye taken a promise from Allah, for He never breaks His promise? Or is it that ye say of Allah what ye do not know?" (The Cow, 80).
This false opinion had also been verified by historical traditions, Ibn Abbas and Mujahid said: When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him and his progeny entered Medina, the Jews said, the life of this world is seven thousand years, and the Lord will punish guilty people one day for seven thousand years, therefore God will punish people for seven days. These words were spoken without any evidence of divine scriptures and the words of the prophets. Not in the scriptures such promises have been given neither prophets had promised to intercede for them. But Jewish racism, has forced them to have such opinion.

iii) Delusion of immunity from retribution and experiments

People of the Book had believed the possess virtues and miracles; for example they said they are from the family tree of Jacob and that they are the sons of God and His loved ones and if we commit evil and sin, no punishment will be for us. In fact, they thought that being Jewish only keeps them from temptation and evil and will not be tested. Because of this false opinion and thinking, they were blind and deaf and could not see right.
Jews believed that eternal salvage is in grouping form and not individual. They claimed that being related to Abraham peace be upon him saves them from divine retribution. They thought there would be no trial (or punishment); so they became blind and deaf; yet Allah (in mercy) turned to them; yet again many of them became blind and deaf. But Allah sees well all that they do” (The Table Spread, 71).
Jews believed that by committing murder and denying the divine prophets, God's punishment and retribution will not bother them because they knew themselves as the children and friends of God. And if they see God's retribution, punishment for this will be short and slight, in the same way that in the case of father to son, if father shows anger to son, his wrath will soon be lost.
(Both) the Jews and the Christians say: "We are sons of Allah, and his beloved." Say: "Why then doth He punish you for your sins? Nay, ye are but men, - of the men he hath created: He forgives whom He pleased, and He punished whom He pleased: and to Allah belonged the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between: and unto Him is the final goal (of all)" (The Table Spread, 18).

IV) Delusion of acceptance of their intercession

Another consequence of the Jewish faith in the race of superior generation (generation of prophets) was that they would say: we are sons of the prophets and in the Day of Judgment they will take our hands and intercede for us.
But God had rejected this claim in Quran and have made them despair: Then guard yourselves against a Day when one soul shall not avail another, nor shall compensation be accepted from her nor shall intercession profit her nor shall anyone be helped (from outside) (The Cow, 123).
The only criteria to benefit from eternal blessings and salvage from punishment, painful and arduous life of the family relationship, but the criterion of faith and good deeds. As people like Abu Lahab was there in the depths of hell and people are like Salman Farsi inmate. It is noteworthy that although the verse, intercession in general has declined, but the purpose is the annulment of the Jewish faith, not reject intercession in general, because the intercession of the Prophet peace be upon him and his progeny and his dear inmate is taken for granted.

1.3.2 Racism as the cause of betrayal and transgression

Jews racism, apart from creating pride, conceit and snobbery in them, led to other corruptions like betrayal, cruelty, and transgressing other people’s properties and souls.
Some of them believed that right to non-Jewish ownership of all property was granted to them because in their view is the only Jewish property and subjective are just respectable and respected. Among the People of the Book are some who, if entrusted with a hoard of gold, will (readily) pay it back; others, who, if entrusted with a single silver coin, will not repay it unless thou constantly most stood demanding, because, they say, "there is no call on us (to keep faith) with these ignorant (Pagans)." but they tell a lie against Allah, and (well) they know it” (The Family of ‘Imran. 75).
In this verse due to the desire of Jews to betray and reject others from their own property is not Jewish, the other party is saying. The inherent traits of the Jewish faith, which says trust between the Jewish and non-Jewish Jew and Jew can be betrayed and usurped property. God deny and reject the false theory of the inner membrane and says they are wrong and are aware of such thinking, however, they believe that the rights of God is for themselves not in any way God's approval they lie close to God.

1.3.3 Racism as the cause of blasphemy to Quran

Jews always acclaimed that all prophets are selected from among them; for this reason they did not like to believe in a prophet who was not a Jewish and from Sons of Israel. The only valid divine book to them is Torah. When it is said to them, "Believe in what Allah Hath sent down, "they say, "We believe in what was sent down to us:" yet they reject all besides, even if it be Truth confirming what is with them (The Cow, 91).
Their monopoly was to the extent that while they believed in the legitimacy of the Qur'an and the Prophet Muhammad, did not believe him on the grounds that he is not from the children of Israel, because they believed the superior race (Israel) never follow another race.

1.4 Sensualism and self-will as the cause of denial of prophets and killing them

When a messenger was sent from God to the Jewish people of Israel and provided them with God's teachings and injunctions, because those precepts and teachings were contrary to their desire and passion, they would refuse to accept the truth and deny God's prophets. They killed a group of prophets like John and Zachary: “We gave Moses the Book and followed him up with a succession of apostles; we gave Jesus the son of Mary Clear (Signs) and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit. Is it that whenever there comes to you an apostle with what ye yourselves desire not, ye are puffed up with pride? Some ye called impostors, and others ye slay!” (The Cow, 87).
In another verse God says: We took the covenant of the Children of Israel and sent them apostles, every time, there came to them an apostle with what they themselves desired not - some (of these) they called impostors, and some they (go so far as to) slay (The Table Spread, 70).

2. Vicious characteristics

As beliefs, thoughts and false assumptions are the source of most deviance in human beings, adapting to the vicious characteristics also leads human to commit acts that would lead him to the bottom of destruction.
In the following sections, some vicious characteristics of Jewish people cited in Quran are mentioned; these characteristics are the source of most deviations such as polytheism, blasphemy, denial and slaying of prophets.

2.1 Ignorance as the cause of polytheism and unreasonable requests

Jewish tribe are known in Quran for ignorance, making them to choose idolatry. We took the Children of Israel (with safety) across the sea. They came upon a people devoted entirely to some idols they had. They said: "O Moses! fashion for us a god like unto the gods they have." He said: "Surely ye are a people without knowledge (The Heights, 138).
In this verse the reason of orientation of the Israelites to idolatry is considered to be their ignorance of the position, and blessings of Allah's attributes. Even some people believe that the children of Israel that they had crossed the idol in the shape of a cow and a calf breeds the Israelites were worshiping.
According to the above verse, the origin of the human tendency to material beauty and his inclination to what is supposedly glorious and beautiful and is the lack of reasoning, thinking and knowledge about materials and corruption of such affairs.
Otherwise, a person realizes that many of the lovely little thought it would come to this world and the Hereafter he will not benefit, but nothing but hardship and suffering of the world and not in the Hereafter a heavy account.
So the root of many illicit and sometimes legitimate aspirations and demands; but contrary to the interests of the hardship and inconvenience to the individual and not bring other people, ignorance, ignorance and stupidity of people: And remember ye said: "O Moses! we cannot endure one kind of food (always); so beseech thy Lord for us to produce for us of what the earth growth, -its pot-herbs, and cucumbers, Its garlic, lentils, and onions." He said: "Will ye exchange the better for the worse? Go ye down to any town, and ye shall find what ye want! (The Cow, 61).
What Children of Israel had for their food was Manna and quails and this verse refers to them as one food because they did not change. If a man have the same food repeatedly, even if it be colorful, they say that person does not have but one food.
But what is ignorance that makes people desire to develop a long wish? In dictionaries often considered ignorance to knowledge, although sometimes the term used in the Koran and the validity of the reason to go and do something that is irrational and contrary ignorant attitude of the intellectuals.
The book Meraj al-Sa'adah has introduced ignorance in this way: ignorance is the emptiness of the soul from the knowledge without the claim being expressed by the person. At first, this characteristic was not as bad, but was praised because it was the stimulus in order to study science. But remaining in ignorance and its stability is of great vices.
Numerous verses and hadiths have denounced remaining in ignorance and have recommended for its correction. Imam Ali in blaming ignorance and its adverse consequences says:
Creatures of God, do not trust your ignorance, and follow not your desires, because the person who entered this ground resembles the one who resides on side of the river which from flood is close to destruction, followers of ignorance and passion carry heavy load of destruction on their backs from a place to another place for a thought which is put to work after a thought (each time chooses a problem and each day has a new thought) and wants to stick what cannot be stuck and bring close that which cannot be brought close.

2.2 Fear as the cause of disobedience and evading Jihad

One of the vices that Children of Israel suffered was the fear of the superior power and subdued in the face of power and coercion. Sometimes fear came upon them so dominantly that causes disobedience and defiance of God's commandments and made them disobey God and his messenger instead of surrendering to the orders of Allah and His Messenger: They said: "O Moses! In this land are a people of exceeding strength: Never shall we enter it until they leave it: if (once) they leave, then shall we enter (The Table Spread: 22).
If there exists fear of the superior power and fear of death and protecting life and property in the extreme manner, it results in undermining the spirit of jihad and fighting the enemy to the degree that wherever possible, one has forsaken his own right or to escape from war has decided to leave their home country: Didst thou not Turn by vision to those who abandoned their homes, though they were thousands (In number), for fear of death? (The Cow, 243). Some interpreters believe that the reason behind abandoning homes for fear of jihad is explained in its following verse: Then fight in the cause of Allah (The Cow, 244).
Timid person is not only escaping jihad and fight against falsehood, but also undermines the spirit of defiance in others. Prophet peace be upon him and his progeny says: Someone who feels fear in him, should not participate in wars.
So sometimes fear is not rooted in the inner side of man, but is a result of coercion and therefore in the traditions sitting and talking with timid people have been denounced. It is necessary to note also that there are two kinds of fear in man:
One fear is the one which in these stories and other narratives are interpreted as cowardice; such fear is irrational and immoral. When people have irrational fear of things that are not worthy of fear it will causes backwardness, misery and frustration, failure and humiliation and keeps a man from great things. The other man's fear is reasonable and the risks to property, child and wife and his reputation at risk, and kept a cautious way he puts in front. Such fear is not only bad, but praiseworthy and wise.
But one factor causing irrational and excessive fear in humans is suspicion to God, because if one looks at the power of God and have faith and certainty in the fulfillment of God's promises, never feel fear of the superior power and death as much as he grows that traverse its right, compromise and even escape from the war field.
He knows that if he wins, has achieved his purpose and if it fails or is killed, definite promises of God awaits him. Imam Ali considers the root of fear to be suspicion to God and says: Fear, greed and jealousy are ugly traits that have accumulated in the suspicion to God.
People with faith in God's good opinion and the right of way also certainly know that God has always been on the right track with them and assist them, in this case, the most powerful authority also put them to fear not, because they are convinced that the power of God above all forces.

2.3 Arrogance as the factor causing blasphemy and rejecting prophets

One of the factors that caused the defection of truth and faith in God and deny the obvious signs he is, arrogance. Allah because Israel rejected the prophets by their arrogance has introduced many miracles associated with the Prophet Moses and the Book, was sent to them, but the Jews of the arrogance and pride of faith in him and also the prophets another group of prophets refused to the extent that even murdered: We gave Moses the Book and followed him up with a succession of apostles; We gave Jesus the son of Mary Clear (Signs) and strengthened him with the holy spirit. Is it that whenever there comes to you an apostle with what ye yourselves desire not, ye are puffed up with pride? Some ye called impostors, and others ye slay! (The Cow, 87).
God has said in the Quran: Those who behave arrogantly on the earth in defiance of right - them will I turn away from My signs: Even if they see all the signs, they will not believe in them (The Heights, 146).
Allame Tabtabaee in the interpretation of this verse notes: in this verse arrogance on earth is conditioned to “on defiance of right” while arrogance on earth is not bad just on defiance of rights; such limitations are actually explanations. The part “Even if they see all the signs, they will not believe in them” regards arrogance and describes a characteristic of arrogant people which is their persistence on doing blasphemy and rejecting prophets.
In the definition of arrogance it is said that it is a sensory state in which man knows himself bigger and better than others. This leads him to despise others, walking elegantly, etc.
Arrogance is the result of belief in the supremacy and conceit. If the belief in the superiority of their race and penetrate deep into a person's life, signs of arrogance and bragged in the actions, behavior and speech will appear.
Of course it should be noted that arrogance has multiple levels: sometimes it is not only based on a person's heart, but also manifested in one's deeds, but the man shows humility. Megalomania and arrogance at any level, even in times when a man allegedly show himself humble, makes the man at the right times and do not surrender to whatever is in front of him, and stand against it, right or wrong;
Because accepting the right or the opposite side for an arrogant man means granting a big advantage over him and he cannot or will not accept that in this world there is something or someone bigger than him. That is why we say that one of the most important factors of human error is his arrogance. Unlike arrogance, humility brings dignity and cause progress in the path to perfection. Imam Sadiq says: Two angels in the sky are responsible for servants. If he is humble, they will take him higher; if he is arrogant, they will cast him downward.
Man's greatness is in his humility and his exiguity is in his arrogance. The result is that not only arrogance gives an arrogant man superiority over others, but lowers his position in the view of God and other people.

2.4 Jealousy as the factor causing disagreement and deviance

When Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) entered Madine, Jewish great amen did acts of sabotage out of jealousy and some groups of Madine who had not converted to Islam or had become Muslims dishonestly, helped them. They formed sessions and plotted against prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Jews apposing prophet were not from a single tribe.
God says in the holy Quran: Miserable is the price for which they have sold their souls, in that they deny (the revelation) which Allah has sent down, in insolent envy that Allah of His Grace should send it to any of His servants He pleases: Thus have they drawn on themselves Wrath upon Wrath. And humiliating is the punishment of those who reject Faith (The Cow, 90).
Late Tabarasi interprets this verse in this way: they envied prophet Muhammad (PBUH) because he was a descendant of Ismael while all previous prophets had been descendants of children of Israel. Hews well knew signs of the prophet of the end of the world and knew that those signs adapt prophet Muhammad (PBUH). As stated in Quran: The people of the Book know this as they know their own sons (The Cow, 146).
Yet, their jealousy towards prophet Muhammad not only kept them away from Islam, but made them dissuade anyone who wants to accept Islam or that one who has already converted to Islam: Quite a number of the People of the Book wish they could Turn you (people) back to infidelity after ye have believed, from selfish envy, after the Truth hath become Manifest unto them: But forgive and overlook, Till Allah accomplish His purpose; for Allah Hath power over all things (The Cow, 109).
Surah of crouching considers jealousy to be the reason behind religious differences and schism among Jews-though having clear signs at hand: And We granted them Clear Signs in affairs (of Religion): it was only after knowledge had been granted to them that they fell into schisms, through insolent envy among themselves. Verily thy Lord will judge between them on the Day of Judgment as to those matters in which they set up differences (Crouching, 17).
Religious differences and intertwining of right and wrong among them was due to lack of knowledge or suspicion, but the difference between them was made because of jealousy among their scholars. Jews instead of using the doctrines and teachings of religion and of science and certainty for the unity of the Jewish people to each other, because of their jealousy sparked controversy and division among the Jewish community and exchanged unity and self-esteem with humiliation. Some commentators believe that the meaning of the verse is that after they recognized the Prophet and his progeny rejected Islam out of their jealousy. Here we come to the meaning of jealousy.
Envious is said to someone who wish to decline the gift and virtue of the virtues and blessings. The origin and source of jealousy, worldliness, and love to the world, because the world is limited and it would be seeking conflict and the world loving wishes, blessings of others and the same is denied to him.

2.5 Negligence and indifference as the factor causing atrocity

One of the factors involved in denial of verses by Children of Israel was negligence of signs of God and miracles, advice and guidance of the prophets and of the lack of impact of such matters in Jews' rock hearts: Those who behave arrogantly on the earth in defiance of right - them will I turn away from My signs: Even if they see all the signs, they will not believe in them; and if they see the way of right conduct, they will not adopt it as the way; but if they see the way of error, that is the way they will adopt. For they have rejected our signs, and failed to take warning from them (The Heights, 146)
Regarding this verse, Allameh states: "All of these deviances result from refutation of the revelations of Allah, and they were ignored." Because of the prohibition of their latest verses and their desire to cancel and deny the correct handling of the signs and the lack of thought about them, not that they really are unaware of the signs of divine revelations have seen or known, but they behave like people are unaware.
Neglect, avoiding and ignoring the signs of God leads to cruelty and barbarity against accepting the truth is, the human heart is like a hard stone that the strongest and most obvious signs or symptoms, have not the slightest effect on it firmer and brighter than the miracles of the prophets and signs of the presence of God. Animate and inanimate, earth and sky, the mountains and the sea, evidence of his existence, but they do not see the signs! Step in the corruption step will be removed and destroyed. Imam Ali (PBUH) says: Anyone who is overwhelmed by negligence, his heart dies. When the heart dies, it will be unable to understand the facts. In reality it can be said: ignorance and negligence causes cruelty and atrocity causes negligence; put another way, atrocity and negligence have direct effect on each other.

2.6 Offering excuses and asking impossible things as the factor causing deviance from the path of truth

Would ye question your Messenger as Moses was questioned of old? But whoever changeth from Faith to Unbelief, Hath strayed without doubt from the even way (The Cow, 108). In this verse, Allah forbids Muslims and also reprimand them for asking unreasonable questions and considers it another causes of decline of the Jews, i.e. excuses, questions, misplaced and unnecessary requests, which had no result but corruption.
Requesting impossible and useless things like seeing God, coming of a book from the sky and asking other futile questions like features of the cow were nothing but excuses evading responsibility. But its conclusion was not only escaping their duties, but also it made their responsibility even harder and more difficult to do.
Numerous examples of Jews’ excuses in the face of truth has been cited in the holy Quran from which we can refer to verses 153 of Women, 183 of The Family of ‘Imran, 67-71, 61 and 97 of The Cow, etc. some of which were mentioned in previous sections.
One of the most amazing excuses offered by Jews for disbelieving Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was that once a group of Jewish scholars told prophet Muhammad (PBUH): we have four questions, if you succeed to answer them, we will believe in you. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: do you promise to believe me if I answered your questions? They replied: yes.
They asked: how is that sometimes a child resembles his mother? He replied: By God, do you know that man’s sperm is white and dense while woman’s sperm is white and tenuous? They said: yes, we know that.
Prophet Muhammad said: when sperms of man and woman are mixed and one dominates the other, the child will resemble the dominant one. The asked: tell us how you go to sleep. He replied: by God, do you know that prophets close their eyes when they sleep while their hearts are awake. They said: yes, we know. He said: that’s how I sleep. They asked the next question: what foods did Jacob forbid for himself? He replied: to him, meat and milk were the best foods and he refrained from eating them. The asked their last question: tell us what angel descends on you? Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said in reply: Gabriel. They said: if another angel than Gabriel would descend on you we would believe you and your religion but Gabriel orders for nothing but war and bloodshed.
As it was seen, it became manifested for Jews that Muhammad (PBUH) is the promised prophet mentioned in Torah and there is no justification in disbelieving him. Yet, Jews’ blind and unreasonable enmity with Gabriel which was not but an excuse to obey what is right lead them to disbelieve prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
Other factors involved in the Jewish deviation were debauchery, God’s damnation, power, material properties and love of world, disobeying the right things, etc. However, these factors are the results of factors covered in this paper and for this reason they were not explained separately.