Zionism: historical review over Jewish people

Jewish historians are trying to introduce Judaism as mother of all monotheistic religions and primarily to all religions of the world and Torah, the Bible, as the world's hotbed of culture and first religious divine book. But based on researches that have been done about Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism is prior to Judaism and many issues mentioned in Jewish holy book are originated in and inspired by Zoroaster's teachings and Zoroastrian sources. Jewish historians know Zoroastrianism birth date as 660 BC to prove Judaism primacy over other religions. While based on detailed researches Zabih Behrouz, Zoroaster was born in 3850 years ago, in about 1800 BC. M & centuries preceding the date of the appearance of Moses and the emergence of Judaism. Let us remind you that there is no historical record documenting about the history of Israel and the emergence of Judaism but the Torah and its annexes in the "Old Testament" which is considered Bible of the Jews and what have come in other sources about the creation of the religion rely on and documented in Torah, although the authenticity of the Torah (the Pentateuch was attributed to Prophet Moses) and its annexes in the Old Testament which is now in the hands with gospel or "new Testament" for Christians are also under question. There are several researchers and philosophers who have questioned the authenticity of the Bible of Jews that Baruch Spinoza is the most famous one of them who was a Jewish philosopher in the 17th century. After careful study of the Torah and the Talmud, he came to the conclusion that whatever is in the Jewish Scriptures is not the Word of God and is not even written by the prophets of the Jewish religion (the Prophet) and those that these writings have been attributed to them. Espinosa stressed the contradictions and errors in different parts of the Torah and wrote the Jewish religious leaders have written this material centuries after the birth of the Jewish religion and even prophecy of famous Jewish prophets lacks in originality and much of the book is written in their names. not only Spinoza questions the authenticity of the Bible, but he also strongly criticizes the theme of it and wrote that the laws enacted in the Old Testament are not only for human comfort, but are also cruel and away from the mind and logic. Espinosa's remarks provoked a storm in the Jewish community and "Synagok 'or Great Synagogue of Jews ostracized and excommunicated him in 1656. As it was mentioned in the previous chapter, Solomon built Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, and he reigned for forty years according to what is said in the Bible and other sources and his territory has been from the Euphrates to Gaza in the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. According to Jewish sources, Solomon ruled between 1017 to 977 BC which is in accordance with the Hebrew year 2743 to 2783, while the Encyclopedia of America knows the reign of Solomon until the year 973 BC. After the death of Solomon, his son, "Rehoboam" came to the throne in Jerusalem, but in the first year of his reign, ten tribes of twelve tribes of Israel rebelled upon him and chose "Jeroboam the son of Nabat" from the tribe of Efraim to be king . King Solomon's vast territory was limited to about today's Palestine territory which was divided into two tiny countries of Israel in the north and Judah in the south. The state of Israel was destroyed in 722 BC by the Assyrians invasion, and by Shelma Nasr's command, the king of Assyria, all its inhabitants were deported. But the nation of Judah was in place until 136 years after it until the year 586 BC, which Nebuchadnezzar invaded the country and destroyed the Temple of Solomon and the inhabitants of Judah were carried into captivity. During captivity and exile of the Jews in Babylon, a great prophet appeared among them and provided fields for their unity and consolidation of their religious beliefs. He is Ezekiel who has 48chapters in the Bible of the Jews. Most of the chapters are started with the phrase "word of the Lord came unto me, saying," and Ezekiel speaks with his people through the language of God. The tradition of gathering together on the Sabbath, or Saturday and hearing sermons and praying in the synagogues begins also in this era. Names of Jew and Jewish were from that period to the survivors of Israel as well that is taken from the name of the country of Judah or Judea, because the ten tribes of Israel were almost disappeared in a country that has the same name, and there has been no one left to follow the religion of Moses but the inhabitants of the Judah and exiles of this country. The rise of Cyrus and conquering Babylon by the forces under his command in 538 BC are considered as an important turning point in the history of the Jewish people. Cyrus ordered the release of the Jewish people and allowed them to return to Jerusalem, and that is why he is named as a Christian and a representative of God in the Jewish Scriptures. Jesus Christ was born of a Jewish mother in Bethlehem at the end of the reign of Herod the Great and his genealogy, according to the first chapter of the Gospel of Matthew, goes back to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and Judah. Jesus knew himself as follower of the prophet Moses and other Jewish people's prophets and he said that he has raised for saving the Jewish people and others. Jesus began his mission when he was thirty and when he was thirty-three years old, the story of his miracles were widespread throughout Judea and the number of his followers was growing, and then Jewish priests decided to kill him. After the arrest of Jesus, they took him to cross which is described in detail in the Bible. After the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, Jews, his disciples and followers were persecuted and abused so that they were forced to emigrate from the Judah and those who survived went to Rome, where started promoting Christ's teachings and in the second half of the first century AD, Rome became the center of Christianity rather than Jerusalem. Prior to the advent of Paul, Christianity was considered as a sect of Judaism and its followers were slim. His original name was Saul, and like all Jews he was circumcised on the eighth day of his birth. Paul turned Christianity as a sect of Judaism into a religion and put some Jewish lasting customs and rules aside such as circumcision. Saint Paul that must be the original founder of Christianity was imprisoned for rebellion against injustice of Roman emperor and at a distance of between 63 to 67 he was beheaded. In the year 66 AD. Judaism fought with the Romans for four years and captured Jerusalem until the time the famous Roman military commander, Tinos, went to Palestine in 70 AD. With a large army and took Jerusalem in 70 AD and slaughtered Jews and ruined the great temple. Year 70AD should actually be considered as date of the fall of the first Jewish state and the beginning of displacing of Jewish people. The rise of Islam in the early 7th century AD and its rapid expansion throughout the world is a great turning point in the history of religions. Jews lived among Muslims easily and without concern at the beginning, and three Jewish tribes, which lived in Yathrib during the migration of the Prophet (Peace be upon him and his progeny) to the city, had good relations with Muslims at the beginning (although during the stay of the Prophet (Peace be upon him and his progeny) in Medina, Jewish tribes started sabotage and aggression against the Muslims) at the time of the second caliph, Omar, Jews were under pressure and Omar drove them out of Hejaz and in the year 638 AD. That Jerusalem was conquered by Muslim armies, Omar ordered them to build a mosque in place of Solomon's Temple, which is famous in his own name. But after Omar, especially after Imam Ali (Peace be upon him and his progeny)'s caliphate, Jews were free to practice their religion and their freedom was preserved till the early eleventh century AD except for a short period during the reign of al-Mutawakkil Abbasi (847 to 861 AD) Distance from the eighth to the eleventh century AD can be called as flourishing era of the Jewish people, because during the four hundred years the Jews achieved a lot in terms of material and spiritual progress and began to accumulate property and wealth. But the most important success of them in this era was establishment of two universities in Baghdad, where great thinkers came from them. Jewish immigration to Spain begun from the early 8th century AD following conquering the land by the Muslims. Jews lived in freedom and prosperity in Spain until the 14th century AD, and during this time large synagogues were built in various parts of Spain that some of them can be considered as the best architectural works of the eighth century to the fourteenth century. 14th century was the beginning of miseries for Spanish Jews. By Christians' domination over the Spain, the era of freedom and prosperity of the Jewish community came to end. In 1391 AD, The first major rebellion against Jews occurred in the city of Seville, during which the Jewish neighborhoods were torched and many Jews were burned and those who survived the siege of the people were massacred. The number of victims of these riots have been written in some sources to thirty thousand people. In early 16th century, Constantinople was the most important center of Jewish immigrants gathering, but from the middle of this century, most of the Jews of Europe were going to Poland, so that the Jewish population of Poland in the Years 1501 to 1648 rose to 1500000 people. The French Revolution and the Declaration of Human Rights published in 1789 was another important milestone in the history of the Jewish people. The total number of Jews around the world on the eve of the French Revolution was about 3 million people that half of them lived in Poland and the rest of them were in other parts of the world. The Jews of France were about fifty thousand people in the date, and they were under the pressure due to the French people and the Pope who were all believers in Catholic religion in this country so they usually lived in remote areas. In 1791 AD, French National Assembly passed a law in which the rights and freedoms of all France citizens were granted to Jews living in there for the first and they became a French citizen. The history of Europe from 1796 to 1815 is mostly history of Napoleon. Napoleon was Commander of the French Revolution at the beginning. With the conquest of Italy on behalf of the French soldiers ghetto walls collapsed, and Jews of the country were free from pressure and high limitations. After Napoleon's coronation as emperor of France and taking power, he showed special attention towards Jews and forced rulers of his possessions countries to recognize Jews as citizens of their countries and give them equal rights as their people.