The last verse descended over the prophet
Scientists have disagreement about the descended last verse because all of them have referred to narrations and Hadiths that are not related to the
Translator: Zahra. Kalaa
Source: rasekhoon.net
Source: rasekhoon.net
Scientists have disagreement about the descended last verse because all of them have referred to narrations and Hadiths that are not related to the prophet. Quran states
وَاتَّقُوا یَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِیهِ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا یُظْلَمُونَ
And fear the Day when ye shall be brought back to Allah. Then shall every soul be paid what it earned, and none shall be dealt with unjustly.
Bokhari narrates from Ibn Abbas that the last verse is the verse of gavel;
یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِیَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِینَ
O ye who believe! Fear Allah, and give up what remains of your demand for usury, if ye are indeed believers.
It is said that the last verse is the last of loan;
یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا إِذَا تَدَایَنتُم بِدَیْنٍ إِلَىٰ أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى فَاكْتُبُوهُ ۚ وَلْیَكْتُب بَّیْنَكُمْ كَاتِبٌ بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ وَلَا یَأْبَ كَاتِبٌ أَن یَكْتُبَ كَمَا عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ ۚ فَلْیَكْتُبْ وَلْیُمْلِلِ الَّذِی عَلَیْهِ الْحَقُّ وَلْیَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلَا یَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَیْئًا ۚ فَإِن كَانَ الَّذِی عَلَیْهِ الْحَقُّ سَفِیهًا أَوْ ضَعِیفًا أَوْ لَا یَسْتَطِیعُ أَن یُمِلَّ هُوَ فَلْیُمْلِلْ وَلِیُّهُ بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ وَاسْتَشْهِدُوا شَهِیدَیْنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمْ ۖ فَإِن لَّمْ یَكُونَا رَجُلَیْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَامْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ الشُّهَدَاءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَىٰ ۚ وَلَا یَأْبَ الشُّهَدَاءُ إِذَا مَا دُعُوا ۚ وَلَا تَسْأَمُوا أَن تَكْتُبُوهُ صَغِیرًا أَوْ كَبِیرًا إِلَىٰ أَجَلِهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَأَقْوَمُ لِلشَّهَادَةِ وَأَدْنَىٰ أَلَّا تَرْتَابُوا ۖ إِلَّا أَن تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً حَاضِرَةً تُدِیرُونَهَا بَیْنَكُمْ فَلَیْسَ عَلَیْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَلَّا تَكْتُبُوهَا ۗ وَأَشْهِدُوا إِذَا تَبَایَعْتُمْ ۚ وَلَا یُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِیدٌ ۚ وَإِن تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّهُ فُسُوقٌ بِكُمْ ۗ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۖ وَیُعَلِّمُكُمُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَیْءٍ عَلِیمٌ
ye who believe! When ye deal with each other, in transactions involving future obligations in a fixed period of time, reduce them to writing Let a scribe write down faithfully as between the parties: let not the scribe refuse to write: as Allah Has taught him, so let him write. Let him who incurs the liability dictate, but let him fear His Lord Allah, and not diminish aught of what he owes. If they party liable is mentally deficient, or weak, or unable Himself to dictate, Let his guardian dictate faithfully, and get two witnesses, out of your own men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as ye choose, for witnesses, so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her. The witnesses should not refuse when they are called on (For evidence). Disdain not to reduce to writing (your contract) for a future period, whether it be small or big: it is juster in the sight of Allah, More suitable as evidence, and more convenient to prevent doubts among yourselves but if it be a transaction which ye carry out on the spot among yourselves, there is no blame on you if ye reduce it not to writing. But take witness whenever ye make a commercial contract; and let neither scribe nor witness suffer harm. If ye do (such harm), it would be wickedness in you. So fear Allah; For it is Good that teaches you. And Allah is well acquainted with all things. If ye are on a journey, and cannot find a scribe, a pledge with possession (may serve the purpose). And if one of you deposits a thing on trust with another, let the trustee (faithfully) discharge his trust, and let him Fear his Lord conceal not evidence; for whoever conceals it, - his heart is tainted with sin. And Allah knoweth all that ye do.
It is said that the following verse is the last descended verse;
فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّی لَا أُضِیعُ عَمَلَ عَامِلٍ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ ۖ بَعْضُكُم مِّن بَعْضٍ ۖ فَالَّذِینَ هَاجَرُوا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِن دِیَارِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا فِی سَبِیلِی وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَیِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِی مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ثَوَابًا مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ
And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain,- verily, I will blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath;- A reward from the presence of Allah, and from His presence is the best of rewards.
The second and the third verses descended to the prophet include the following verses:
إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَىٰ آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِیمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِینَ
Allah did choose Adam and Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of ´Imran above all people.
إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِینَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِینَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْقَانِتِینَ وَالْقَانِتَاتِ وَالصَّادِقِینَ وَالصَّادِقَاتِ وَالصَّابِرِینَ وَالصَّابِرَاتِ وَالْخَاشِعِینَ وَالْخَاشِعَاتِ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقِینَ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقَاتِ وَالصَّائِمِینَ وَالصَّائِمَاتِ وَالْحَافِظِینَ فُرُوجَهُمْ وَالْحَافِظَاتِ وَالذَّاكِرِینَ اللَّهَ كَثِیرًا وَالذَّاكِرَاتِ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِیمًا
For Muslim men and women,- for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah´s praise,- for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward.
Bokhari and others have narrated from Ibn Abbas that the last verse is the descended last verse;
وَمَن یَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِیهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَیْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا عَظِیمًا
If a man kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell, to abide therein (For ever): And the wrath and the curse of Allah are upon him, and a dreadful penalty is prepared for him.
Bara Bin Azeb has narrated that the following verse is the descended last verse;
یَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ یُفْتِیكُمْ فِی الْكَلَالَةِ ۚ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَیْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ یَرِثُهَا إِن لَّمْ یَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِن كَانَتَا اثْنَتَیْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِن كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِّجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَیَیْنِ ۗ یُبَیِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَیْءٍ عَلِیمٌ
They ask thee for a legal decision. Say: Allah directs (thus) about those who leave no descendants or ascendants as heirs. If it is a man that dies, leaving a sister but no child, she shall have half the inheritance: If (such a deceased was) a woman, who left no child, Her brother takes her inheritance: If there are two sisters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance (between them): if there are brothers and sisters, (they share), the male having twice the share of the female. Thus doth Allah make clear to you (His law), lest ye err. And Allah hath knowledge of all things.
Some have said that the following verse is the descended last verse
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَیْكُمُ الْمَیْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنزِیرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَیْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّیَةُ وَالنَّطِیحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّیْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَن تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ الْیَوْمَ یَئِسَ الَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا مِن دِینِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ ۚ الْیَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِینَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَیْكُمْ نِعْمَتِی وَرَضِیتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِینًا ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِی مَخْمَصَةٍ غَیْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِّإِثْمٍ ۙ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِیمٌ
Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which hath been invoked the name of other than Allah; that which hath been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by being gored to death; that which hath been (partly) eaten by a wild animal; unless ye are able to slaughter it (in due form); that which is sacrificed on stone (altars); (forbidden) also is the division (of meat) by raffling with arrows: that is impiety. This day have those who reject faith given up all hope of your religion: yet fear them not but fear Me. This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion. But if any is forced by hunger, with no inclination to transgression, Allah is indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.
Moavie Bin Abi Sofyan has said that the following verse is the descended last verse;
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ یُوحَىٰ إِلَیَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَمَن كَانَ یَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْیَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا یُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا
Say: "I am but a man like yourselves, (but) the inspiration has come to me, that your Allah is one Allah: whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner.
It is said that the following verse is the descended last verse;
یُوصِیكُمُ اللَّهُ فِی أَوْلَادِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَیَیْنِ ۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَیْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ ۖ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ ۚ وَلِأَبَوَیْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِن لَّمْ یَكُن لَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ ۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ ۚ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُوصِی بِهَا أَوْ دَیْنٍ ۗ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَیُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا ۚ فَرِیضَةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِیمًا حَكِیمًا
Allah (thus) directs you as regards your Children´s (Inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females: if only daughters, two or more, their share is two-thirds of the inheritance; if only one, her share is a half. For parents, a sixth share of the inheritance to each, if the deceased left children; if no children, and the parents are the (only) heirs, the mother has a third; if the deceased Left brothers (or sisters) the mother has a sixth. (The distribution in all cases (´s) after the payment of legacies and debts. Ye know not whether your parents or your children are nearest to you in benefit. These are settled portions ordained by Allah; and Allah is All-knowing, Al-wise.
Moslem narrates that the descended last verse is the following verse;
وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِن لَّمْ یَكُن لَّهُنَّ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ ۚ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُوصِینَ بِهَا أَوْ دَیْنٍ ۚ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِن لَّمْ یَكُن لَّكُمْ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُم ۚ مِّن بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَیْنٍ ۗ وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٌ یُورَثُ كَلَالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ ۚ فَإِن كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَٰلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِی الثُّلُثِ ۚ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِیَّةٍ یُوصَىٰ بِهَا أَوْ دَیْنٍ غَیْرَ مُضَارٍّ ۚ وَصِیَّةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِیمٌ حَلِیمٌ
In what your wives leave, your share is a half, if they leave no child; but if they leave a child, ye get a fourth; after payment of legacies and debts. In what ye leave, their share is a fourth, if ye leave no child; but if ye leave a child, they get an eighth; after payment of legacies and debts. If the man or woman whose inheritance is in question, has left neither ascendants nor descendants, but has left a brother or a sister, each one of the two gets a sixth; but if more than two, they share in a third; after payment of legacies and debts; so that no loss is caused (to any one). Thus is it ordained by Allah; and Allah is All-knowing, Most Forbearing.
Moslem narrates from Ibn Abbas that the following verse is the descended last verse;
إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ
When comes the Help of Allah, and Victory
/J
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