Every day increasing admission of the girls to university and the family challenges in the future

The process of social development has made developing communities including Iran, to undergo the fundamental and extensive social changes and fundamental nature, fast process and discordant of these issues has resulted in various and numerous social harms to these communities. The increasing ratio of women and girls with higher education in society, in recent decades, is one of these issues. Although the increase of educated women is one of the goals of the governments in achieving sustainable development in the use of the potential capacities of the country's population, however, the increasing proportion of women in universities in comparison with men, if exists beside factors such as cultural delays in developing countries, can lead to a number of issues .
This cultural delay in social basis of the woman and her two expectations of the role of traditional and modern in developing societies would cause her in order to keep her social base, and especially in creation of an arbitrary relations in the family and also playing their acceptable role being challenged. This situation causes society to downgrade among society members and various cultural minorities regarding definition of social role. Consequently, while educated women, called for the accomplishment of modern values in marital relations , and some time enjoy more cultural capital rather than their husbands, traditional publication from their role are still exist.

The Modern and traditional position of the women:

In general, the family is a mirror of society that all social developments and changes affect on applicatory of this organ and in fact, social crises undermine the role of this function. As it is stated, if the family can not carry out its duties in the political, social and cultural developments, will act as a negative factor in the characterizing of the next generation. Meanwhile, women in the family play a significant role as one of the main bases. So, any change in their situation would cause many complications on family structure as result, the increase of female education in recent years, is considered as one of these changes.
Today, concerning the importance of human knowledge improvement in the social, political and economical affairs, accessing different social groups, educational institutions of special importance . In the midst of social groups in their social, political and educational institutions which, in particular, has considered the higher education institutions, we can pointed out to different minorities including women.
Today, women's issues is an unavoidable, important and sensitive reality as result, increasing willingness and ability of women outside the house and , above all, promotion of the rank and diversity of educations , scientific and technical expertise , has lain many consequences such as the pattern of distribution , the allocation of roles , formation of social relations and also various cultural values and norms of the system , the structure of social institutions such as family , marital relations and interaction with relatives.
In our country Statistics show the upsurge rate of women involvement in higher education. According to the statistics, 62 percent of those who were admitted to universities are girls that is why, since 1362 up to know the diagram of admitted girls to universities, shows a vertical current thus, in 1362 women were numbered only 42 percent of the participants in the university and only 32 percent of them managed to gain permission to enter the university. Since 1362 to 1371 the number of participants became relatively stable but, the percent of admission has undergone some changes and every year the proportion of girls to boys has increased. Hence, during 1379 this percent, suddenly found an unprecedented growth as in 1380 1379 in all the majors other than the math and technical group the girl's acceptance has been more than the boys. Statistics related to the girls in 1382 got to 62 % in addition, among those who were admitted for entrance exam in 1386 were about 418000 people that’s why 63 per cent of them are girls and 37 percent which is equivalent to 154000 people was dedicated to the boys.
Therefore, the increase of girls ' education as an important factor that can create positive or negative results in many social structures and then leads to change in the thoughts , ideas , values , expectations, and marital tasks must be addressed however; this increase can have two important consequences for the families; from one side can affects on distribution and dominance on power resources in the family, such as income, job, dignity and Etc and, on the other hand, has changed their attitudes to their own role and position in society as well as in the family and emergent of new expectations.
As it appears, for women who, sometimes, have higher education than their husbands and consequently, they have higher income and social dignity, accepting of position and traditional role is facing with plenty of problems. It should not be forgotten that in most societies, in terms of the three dimensions of social stratification such as, education, job and income, men rather than the women enjoy a higher position and also in Iran, according to the latest statistics issued for decades, it has been similar to them because, the impact of superiority and domination of masculine base has always been existed. The investigating results of Azam Azadeh shows between two variables sociability style of man and woman gender in the family and violence against the women , there is a negative and significant relationship ( r= -0 / 348 ) . On the other hand, the more the method of society roles is, the lesser is the violence in the family, because the men just orders and the women follow. The possibility of violence is often further in families that in accepting gender role, a disorder arises and the family expected system is questioned. Therefore, promoting female education on the one hand, and on the other hand, academic couple affinity could lead to the collapse of the traditional order and acceptance of the modern elements in the family.
According to the investigations of Gless, men who are with less formal education than their wives, impose more violence to their wife therefore, men who, due to their own special familial trainings and perhaps their low education , consider only the woman's duty in the framework of conjugal duties and parenting and do not consider any right of economical and social cooperation for women , won't gain tranquility in living and facing women who consider the use of education in economic and social exploitation as their right. The difference of both men and women mentalities and expectations in these cases can lead to negative results in the family ties. The results of numerous results show; between variables of education and women's income with all kinds of men's violence against women (physical, psychological, social and general) there is a positive and significant relationship, and troubles and others. Also, the Spearman correlation coefficient also shows an inverse and meaningful relationship with husbands' economic violence so, this means that by the increase in income or education of women, the amount of husband's violence against women increases but, economic violence is reduced in other word, with the increase in income or education of the husband, the amount of the types of husbands' violence against the women decreases.
Other results of this study suggest that regarding women and their employed and unemployed husbands the average of each kinds of violence against women, there are significant differences. In a sense, employed women in comparison with unemployed ones are more suffer each kinds of husband's violence, but employed husbands compared with their unemployed ones are less violent to their wives . So, we can say the woman's employment and high education and his income is regarded as a threat against top alleged base of the husband and reduces husband's authority in the family ties.

Academic heterogeneity and authority in the family:

In theory of exchange it is hypothesized that human is reasonably after maximizing the benefits and minimizing the costs of social communications and among all methods, he uses the beneficial one for the action. From this perspective, the overall exchange is the same cultural norms when the evolution of society to the natural pattern of give and take, becomes stable. On the other hand, the more the recipients can carry out their jobs the lesser acceptability the suppliers can have so, the one who has the resources, is the one that has the power since, the people's selfish interests can not be supplied at the same time, the opposition will be inevitable. So, the struggle of effective power and continuous is considered as characteristics of many marriages.
the results of Fazila Khany's investigations show : The level of rural women's education to promote their expectations in decision - making is effective . so, the correlation coefficients of these two variables is equivalent to 0 / 46 and is representing a significant relationship in high confidence level of 95 per cent between these two variables . The research results of Amini and Hamza , also shows that the low level of education and women's awareness is effective in reducing their decision - making process and vice versa. Awareness and understanding of the rights and duties, is regarded as a basis for achieving women's rights and promoting expectations and their demands , especially in rural areas . From this perspective, Robert blood and Donald wolf (1960), has offered a Kalani systems by providing resources theory in the family. They looked for the relationship between power in the family and power outside the family and have shown that, power on the basis of additional resources that both spouses provide for her family, is divided. In other words, the basic premise of the resources theory is that the balance of power will be in favor of the pair, which provides more resources for the family. while the husbands are generally concentrating on the income production and their wives work or as part time or are housewife, husbands have more bargaining capability which allowing them to shirk the boring and unpleasant housework so, based on this view, the division of house work as a result is a logical decision. According to the assumptions of theory of interaction and resources, the heterogeneity between educations for of the couple in favor of the women, must be accompanied with increasing the powers of the women.
the theory of "the theory resources in cultural bed" discusses complement of the resources theory that distribution of marital power is not just the result of the marriage uneven distribution of resources, but, is affected by the larger cultural bed that systematizes marital relations so that the cultural norms of sex influences the relationship between resources and the distribution of power in the family. Radman believes, in terms of traditional and cultural situations which are characterized by patriarchy (like India), appointing authority to husband by cultural norms is so strong that additional resources of the wives had little effect on marriage the power structure. In contrast, in cultures with equal norms, in connection with the gender roles (such as the Scandinavian countries), the sources have little effect, and only in cultural norms that balancing norms and traditional both are considered at the same rate, additional resources of the couples affect on the coupe's marital power structure. In such cultures that there are no completely argumentative gender norms the empty space for affecting additional resources is emerged. Finally, Rudman believes that theory of resources by cultural fields (or historic) is adjusted. The cultural field of developing communities is a clear example of such cultural fields or empty spaces. Therefore, difference of patriarchal ideas not only in connection with the cultural differences, but also, in connection with the structural differences is also considerable. In other word, gender inequality is not found in values and ideologies but, the structure and practice of political entities, legal, religious, educational and economic society intensifying it. As statistics show: social support for women's employment in comparison with the men, in each of its indicators, there are significant difference
The discrimination and superiority of the men in these institutions leads to the less achievement of the women to the resources such as income, job dignity, and training and also, ignoring and improvement of these ideologies help continuity of gender inequality in the marriage. Concerning the above mentioned cases, if the person feels more norm pressure to gain the idea of patriarchy and female dedication, it is more likely that prefer the demands and interests of the others to his own benefits. To this reason and to confirm this comment, Ezazi comment indicates" most of the women due to family problems avoid of their job of interest (65) whereas, familial problems as an obstacle for the men is only 16%. Hence, dominating norms of the community and orientation of the wife's norms in doing the marital roles and power distribution in the family will be influential.
Educations and beliefs regarding sexual inequalities have documented most of educations and sexual attitude and non-traditional ones. Internal researches also indicates that education also leads to gender equality on the other hand, the concept of positive relation in in the literature of education and equal beliefs, especially in the literature of inequality beliefs and races, has been one of controversial recourses. Explanation of the relation between education and the attitude of the dominating group such as bearing, prejudging and democratic values is classified in two widespread groups that’s why, those who consider the educations as informative and influential factor in intellectuality and those who fundamentally accounted educations as re-producer of social inequality and not its challenger. The awareness approach of education in social science in hypothesizes that are about the effects of the training on the attitude of in-group, both implicit and explicit, has a long history then, the assumption of such approaches is that the inequality, is irrational. Therefore, that is expected that the science gained by formal education, reduces fanaticism and negative attitudes among the members of the group and encourage less in-group tensions and greater equality so, in terms of convictions related to sex, Klein believes: education is a venue for attitude and value of both sexes. Learning about people, places, and other times, exposes the students to the view points that challenge their traditional methods. Cassidy and Warren expresses the relation between education with gender attitudes in the literal reference to raising awareness curriculum in this way : Whatever education levels go higher, people are exposed to different life styles and information about gender issues and the same amount positive impact of access to education on gender attitudes becomes unpredictable .
The research results of mirzayi and Yazd Khasti regarding the attitude towards tenure to managerial posts by women, indicates that: women by education higher than diploma in proportion to female practitioners diplomas had more positive attitude to women's management so, this result is statistically significant.

significance	Degree of freedom	average		variable
0/000	403	38/.2 (women)	26/23 (Men)	gender

in an analysis regarding education and men and women's beliefs about the disparity , Keane ( 1995 ) concludes that the impact of the education in lack of accepting inequality among women is more than men so, he believes that the collective interests have a play an important role in shaping the effect of educations on attitudes of in-group educations . Siraj research results ( 1385 ) , which has been conducted on the male and female students at 21 University across the country confirm this theory that and the following table shows that women more than men have been seeking equilibrium
The research results of Yazdkhasti and mirzayi also shows that studying women than men have more positive attitude regarding female management and statistically obtained result are significant.
According to jackman and Mouha, if education allow control group that for the existing inequalities that benefited from it, provide philosophical justifications, will education provide a similar position for dominated group or will provide different effect on them? Is the education cause widespread awareness and strengthening dominant people for philosophical criticism of unequal conditions?
The source of sociability on gender attitudes, is something that might be derived from the ideology, economic and political influence or elite's values in addition, the content of sociability through education passes the channel of the elite's values and underlies differences in traditional sociability.
Therefore, education through dual effects, such as sociability and Empowerment impacts on gender outlooks so, educations transfer cultural and political values of the society which including the elites' values and intellectuals so, this achievement to cultural elites enables the educated persons to scape traditional beliefs . New attitudes through educational process, teachers' stream, textbooks and other business schools are experienced thus, educated people, can cause to change others' attitude in the rest of society because, they are regularly subjected to modern culture and get very sensitive to new ideas. The educations put the women in a good position in terms of job opportunities, especially for women; on the other hand, by empowering individuals it creates new social and economic opportunities for them and change the way of their attitude towards themselves and in relations with the outside world. The research results of Mahdavi in Tehran city, shows the relationship between the women employment of and family being democratic.
igs taE f Group
average numbers classes Dependent
variable Dependent
variable

igs	taE	f	Group average	numbers	classes	Dependent variable	Dependent variable
0/01	0/17	6/2	3/38	36	yes	Woman's occupation	Democratic family
			3/16	163	no

In this study also, the impact of female education level on democratization of the family ( 0 / 22 )shows that by increasing levels of female literacy, the family moves more towards democratization .
It is likely that attitudes changing despite the affecting on personal feelings, also influences on the aspects of marital relations. If women think positively about themselves, they may feel more deprivation and as result have more discontent of the life. In this regard, they may want to have more decision - making power or put their husbands under the pressure so that to spend more time to carry out of the housework, and since that the recent status is in favor of men, many of the men resist these changes and therefore, when the women's attitudes change, the possibility of apparent conflicts between the men who are affected by the society's values and women increases. . In this case, the men may be dissatisfied with their wives or consider their success in the profession and job, as a threat against themselves. Though it may not be true about all men and many husbands who are facing with attitude change, consider their wives' demands based on socio - economic gender equality as the least threat to marital life. In addition, these husbands receive the reward of such attitude by their wives and, therefore, they will have more feeling of satisfaction through their relations therefore, in connection with this behavior, husbands who have the attitude of equity may increase the time when they spend for housework and respect predominance of their wives more therefore, this has led to a decrease in the conflict and also increases the stability in the relations

Academic heterogeneity and violence against women:

Feminists theories claim that part of violence against women is the result of economic base, legal, education and employment of the women than men in society therefore, four types of feminist groups include:
1 - Marxist feminists -
2 -, the Liberal feminist
3 – the Socialist feminist.
Marxist feminists believe that an Instant scale which focuses on women's is important in anticipation of violence against them. The theory assumes that women of low class are placed among men who, in terms of economic conditions, have been failed and this failure lead to violence against women. So, poverty of the women often leads to their affiliation to the men, even if they are mistreated by them.
The liberal feminists predict that higher levels of gender inequality that may put women in the structural conditions in connection with men, led to climbing the rate of domestic violence. So, gender equality, may impact on improving violence.
Radical Feminists believe: patriarchal system works in the direction of a theory that women are in a position lower than men and men resorting to violence in order to maintain their superior basis, and
as a result of women when compared with their partnered in many situations , the rate of domestic violence to be higher . In addition, according to the belief of radical feminist, levels of gender equality, may lead to a backlash from time to time that the man was trying to regain control through the use of violence.
As result, when the women in comparison to their partners are put in uneven situation, the rate of domestic violence will be higher in addition, according to the beliefs of radical feminist the level of gender equality may sometime leads to sever reactions that man tries to regain the control by using violence. Finally, socialist feminists have integrated the attention of radical Marxist regarding economy with assumptions of radical feminism about patriarchy and believe that both the scale of the absolute and relative deprivation is important to predict the violence against women. As women's base is improving the rate of domestic violence against them should be reduced because, the amount of failure in families which have more resources is less and women have more power to escape such situation. Socialist Feminist notes that either woman's base or gender inequality is significant predictors of domestic violence against women.
The theory of imbalances predicts that imbalance in the distribution of domestic resources, or the imbalance in the distribution of power can increase the possibility of domestic violence. In the table below four types of imbalance is plotted: dependency, compensation, domination and disobedience. According to the traditional gender norms in many societies, the label of resources distribution, to the men is given the role of bread winner, distribution of power, and dominant role. But, in fact, all men are not able to behave according to these cultural expectations.
The theory of imbalances assumes that may be men, due to economic advantage, mistreat their wives so, whatever the pattern of resource distribution in these families to be in line with the norms causes' further economic dependency of women that this may make the women vulnerable to violence. Therefore, social mechanism that increases violence in this type of families is dependency.
Also, the risk of violence in the families which men earn fewer resources than their wives, compared with the families of both couple who equally help to get resources family, is more. This violence is due to this fact that the patterns of resource distribution in these families have violated from male superiority norms. The weakness in obtaining sufficient resources in playing the main role of being bread winner, especially in comparison with superiority of economic share of their wives, increases the possibility of that men to ensure their male identity resort to violence. Social mechanism that brings violence in such a situation is recompense because, the men use violence to reciprocate the experience of the lack of economic credibility or educational to their wives.
The theory of imbalance prognosticates a higher risk of violence against women in the families with male domination in proportion to tie - oriented families. In this approach, although the distribution of power on the basis of female obedience norms in front of the male domination. Therefore, domination is one of the tools that led to violence between couples.
Under the conditions that men do not succeed to experience the power in the family may experience their wives as violators who need to have a punishment, and then the situation that think is worthy of themselves return to the family . Therefore, the risk of violence in the families that gender norms is violated with the men superiority, increases.
Raiesi research results regarding the relationship of men's variable authority in the family and violence against women with the measurement of authority in the three levels of low, medium, and high, testing the amount of all two degrees of freedom six 81 / 293 and significant level ( sig = 0 / 000 )shows : in the investigating community , the men with top authority have applied their wives more violence. This study concludes that based on the theory of authority, women's actively participation in economic life of family, always cause specifying of men's power and their domination, and following it, women's awareness of life relations and their intellectual growth due to the creation of disagreement in the level of couple thought , will finally caused family disruption.
In short, in comparison with couple who have equivalent source distribution as well as power unity, the relations recommended under the title of "dependency" "compensation"" domination" and "disagreement" is more sustained and causes marital mistreatment. On the other hand, reducing too much resources to very little by man toward his wife, increases the level of violence against woman. On to this order, the man who too much or less, comparing to the expectations that cultural norms have determined, is master on his family is more likely to mistreat his wife. The studies of Krig Allen and Marry Estraos in the theory of late sources show : when the husbands miss economic resources or between individual skills to retain dominant situation in the marriage it is possible to rely on authority and physical force, a source that averagely men have more than women.
5 – Conclusion:
the intensity of girls' admission to university is a new phenomenon that in recent years has been discussed by professors and experts of women in the domain of women and Family. This phenomenon has now become a social problem in front of social and cultural phenomena like the male - dominated culture and interaction of modern and traditional roles.
In this paper, education has been considered as an opportunity for women, which will provide potential sources for them both in society and in the family. for the same purpose to review its consequences in the family , and especially in double relationships between the couple from theories of " the sources in cultural bed" of Rad man, the theory of cultural disequilibrium about marital violence and theory of ultimate source has been used.
the basic premise of the theory of additional resources is that the balance of power will be in favor of the couple which will provide more resources for marriage . Since that most of the men's education has been more than women and, consequently, they had more resources to the family unit, men have been considered as the head of the family. But with the rise of female education this trend is expected to change in favor of them.
On the other hand, it seems, cultural norms and subculture that is in connection with gender role or gender ideology has affected as meta-variable on it however; rodman believes (1970) in terms of traditional cultural conditions that is characterized by patriarchy, appointing authority to the husband by cultural norms is so strong that additional resources of the couple had little effect on the power structure marriage.
This is in a situation that is supposed that whatever the level of education go higher and higher, due to people's facing with the sources of information and different life styles, attitude toward different gender roles will be exposed to change and variation (Cassidy & Warren, 1996: 316). On the other hand, in communities with the adoption of male power, they consider position and play specific role for men and if the women violate adoption of this situation, they will be punished therefore, this current, put many social pressure on the women. In this case, jobs, and women's education are put in the second and third degree, it is assumed that the working mother or student will selfishly disobey her husband and children. With regard to the above discussion, it can be expected, in the event that the increase in education changes women's attitude toward their role in the family, while cultural bed does not be ready to deal with such a change, and men still want their dominant position in the family, the likelihood of the formation of the conflict, amount of violence and insecurity in the family will be intensified.
Now, regarding the quota issue that has been imposed in entrance exam, while men can in the field of science and education stay on the same stairs and, consequently, to set aside the wrong cultural attitudes, it is expected that this problem is being solved and in the long term, with the interaction between the mid level (families) and the macro - level, the broader culture also seems to get ready to accept new insights into the role of a husband and wife.
On condition that the broader culture still expecting men traditional roles, and since that all men cannot be in this framework, the pressure on the families (men and women both) will be more. On the contrary, in the conditions when the culture changes, but the men and women being traditional, the family will be isolated from the outside.