The Biography of Amir Kabir (Mohammad Taqi Khan Farahani)

Mirza Mohammad Taqi Khan Amir Kabir was the child of Karbala'i Ghorban Beig Farahani. He was born in the year 1222 AH in the Hezaveh Farahan that was one of the functions of Arak province (which formerly was Sultanabad). Karbala'i Ghorban the father of Amir Kabir was chef in the system of the Mirza Isa (Mirza Bozorg) who was the father of Mirza Abu'l Ghasem that was vice president in this system. The mother of Amir Kabir Fatmeh sultan, the daughter of Ostad Shah Mohamad Bana, was the residents of Farahan due to his intelligence and talent, since during adolescence was paid attention by Mirza Bozorg and then also was paid attention by Ghaem Magham Farahani and respectively achieved to the secretarial level of them and quickly attracted the attention of Ghaem Magham and Abbas Mirza Naeb Alsaltaneh. The first political experience of Mirza Mohammad Taqi Khan was accompany with the Khosro Mirza the child of Naeb Alsaltaneh and the delegation accompanying him on his visit to the Russian Tsar. This trip was due to the murder of Grybaydof who was Minister plenipotentiary of Russia in Tehran and at Shawwal 1244 and also was for apologizing of this murder action.
Mirza Mohammad Taqi Khan revealed merit and ability over the coming years more than ever in the bureaucratic affairs and other and at the end of the reign of Fath Ali Shah did some services in the system of Mohammad Khan Zangane who was head of the system and steward of Azerbaijan. A few years later, in 1253 AH Mirza Mohammad Taqi became the Minister of System of Azerbaijan. Mirza Mohammad Taqi, who was nicknamed now as head of the system, In 16 Shawwal 1253 was traveling to Russia with Nasser Eddin Mirza who was the crown prince and in Armenia (Yerevan) met with Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. One of the most important political missions of the head of the system during the reign of Muhammad Shah, was Head of the Iranian government agencies in the Peace Commission of Arzanat alroom that as "lawyer Plenipotentiary” of Iran began at Safar 1259 and despite all the problems that arose, after four years that spent from the residence of Amir Kabir in the Ottoman Empire, Favorable peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire was signed. After signing the peace agreement at 16 Jumada II 1263, Mohammad Shah encouraged the head of the system very well. Due to head of the system from several years ago had affection and closeness with Nasser Eddin Mirza, after the death of Mohammad Shah, Powerfully provided the arrangements and instruments for sitting the Nasser Eddin Mirza on the throne of king and at 14 Shawwal 1264 announced the kingship of Nasser Eddin Shah.
Head of the system that with the beginning of the reign of Nasser Eddin Shah had gotten the position of chancellor, at 22 Zelqadeh 1264, in addition to the title of Amir Nezam was honored to the titles such as Amir Kabir and Atabak Azam. Amir Kabir Shortly after the chancellery began the political, security, financial, economic and cultural reform. In the meantime, he put the establishing the security, an end to riots, financial reforms and prevent hidden and appear threats of power and influence owners in the priority of his programs. He shortly after that he became the prime minister, revealed that he wanted to decrease from the influence and interference of other country (Russia and England) in the different affair of the country.
Among important steps of Amir Kabir were to terminate and suppression of riots of the Mohammad Hassan Khan Salar who was the son of Allhyar khan Assef aldowleh in Khorasan (in spring 1266). At the same time Amir Kabir in addition to regulate the system of monarchy and government and controlling over the actions and behavior of officials, Princes, Royal family, Men and those in power and Other, could apply a wide reforms in the administration of the country and with eradicating many of the administrative and financial corruption, created new order in the government of the country; Aside from the fact that corrective measures of Amir Kabir caused that some of the most influential officials and owners of power become enemy with him. From other reform of Amir Kabir was rebuilding the army and the troops and establishing a new order in the military of the country. Experts and observers at that time did too much praise and compliments from the new military organization which Amir Kabir established it. From other measures of Amir Kabir was to create Chaparkhaneh (post office), passport office, Building the Amir Market and Timcheh house in the Tehran, the establishment of Information - espionage Agency and news and the secret writing that these acted very efficient during his tenure. Amir Kabir also did many efforts for Legal Reform and following to it elimination of sit-ins custom which in many cases, its process was deviant.
Among the most important meature of Amir Kabir was establishment of DarolfonoonThat after the tremendous efforts at 5 Rabi Alawal in year 1268 AH and only 13 days before the murder of Amir Kabir, opened. Amir Kabir in that short period of his tenure (1264─ 1268 AH) and did solid steps for economic and industrial development of the country and also Business and economic growth of the country and for become positive of Iran's foreign trade balance did many attempts. Publishing the Vaghaye Aletefaghiyeh Newspaper, Trying to translate and publish books were From other measures of Amir Kabir. Amir Kabir, who was a religious person tried to promote the dignity of scholars and Clergymen. Especially the highlights role of Amir Kabir in the suppression of the Bab rebellion and the elimination of intrigue of bábism that ended with the trial and execution of Sayed Ali Mohammad Bab, for this reason relations of Amir Kabir and religious scholars strengthened more and more. Patriotism and the fierce opposition of Amir Kabir with the influence of foreign countries in Iran, Strive for justice and security, Prevention of torture and persecution of suspects and criminals, Prevention of refuge for political rogues and other action in the foreign embassies and trying to disconnect the information - espionage of internal citizens for foreign representatives were from other reformative measures of Amir Kabir during the short (four-year) of his tenure.
Amir Kabir who from the beginning of his tenure was suppurted by Nassereddin Shah, On Friday at 22 Rabi Alawal in year 1265 got married with the sister of the King.
Reformative efforts of Amir Kabir did not continue a long time and while independent foreign policy of Amir Kabir and his serious efforts to cut the influence and intervention of Russian and British caused to make the beginning of a new era in the country,but conspiracies of political representatives of these two countries and the synchronization of internal hidden and apparent rancor of Amir Kabir with the policy of aliens gradually caused that Nassereddin Shah became suffered and then desperation and anger from him and also abdicated him from his tenure and other administrative and military careers and exiled him to Kashan city.
Thus with the foreign conspiracy and complicity and betrayal of a group of internal effective person, Nasereddin Shah assigned Haji Ali Maraghehee (Hajeb Aldawla) to kill Amir Kabir.
Amir Kabir was removed from the position of tenure at Muharram in year 1268 and was killed in the bathroom of Fin Kashan by Hajeb Aldawla on Saturday night at 18 Rabi Alawal in year 1268.