Firmness of men in women of family

Women and men lived together during the history of human and this was accompanied along with ugly and beautiful parts. In long story of human life, the most sensitive parts and emotional, exciting, and affectionate scenes devoted women as the saddest scenes were performed against women.
In spite of the fact that women have sensitive, emotional and wonderful roles as a wife or a mother in the society and family club and were under affection and support of men, unfortunately, the history reminds bitter memories from tyranny of men toward women in all geography of human since past time.
About some bitter memories in the past, women were imprisoned at home under order of men in China, India, Iran and Arab and had no role in their marriage and divorce. In Samara, women were killed by men easily, or they were sold in order that men could act their religion. As a general, in ancient era, death and life of women were under control of men and there were not any courts and rules except judgment and remarks of men. In France, their humanity was confirmed. I Britani, women did not have right of ownership before 1882 A.D. In Africa, they were bought and sold like slaves and agricultural goods before the nineteenth century. With such deprivation, they could not attract pity of philosophers and support of religions such as Jewish and Christianity.
Aristo said '' relationship between a woman and a man is like relationship between slave and master and body, soul and thinking power.

We read in the holy book

'' We do not let women train or dominate on their husbands, but they should be quiet because Adam was made first and then Eve. Adam was not cheated, but Eve cheated and put into the trouble of her fault''.
It has been expressed in another part of the book
'' You should have an eye on your husband. He will dominate on you''.
It has been said to Timu Taj in the article '' Yulis Rasul''
'' A husband is head of a wife. As the church obeys Christ, women should obey orders of their husbands in any affairs''.
''Women swore in the church that they obeyed their husbands in all of their life span and did not do any actions without permission of their husbands. Women did not have right of ownership and even properties that women inherited belonged their husbands after their marriage''.
All of these memories during the history led to a reaction in new era that is called '' feminism''.
Establishment of feminism foundation is an invitation for self-recognition and self-belief, competition of women with men, having social jobs same as men and active attendance in all scenes. According to its most radical kind, difference between two genders is revealed. Family is an unusual and artificial affair and it causes that women become impermanent, nervous and nervous. Having children is considered as main factor of problems, degrading and dependency of women to men and getting rid of these humiliations will be possible in replacement of laboratory and scientific births instead of natural confinement.
Slogans became useful and women continued their fight for years and achieved victories in social, economic and political areas, but in such successes, women see themselves more tired and lonely than past in new era. According to the interpretation of some intellectuals, at the present time, western women has achieved factory, policy, art, management, trade and business through freedom and equality of rights and men benefit their forces so that they can achieve political purposes and can get rid of acceptance of burden of responsibility of family as much as they can.

Mona Sharen, American writer, says

'' Freedom of women annunciates increase of income, special cigarette of women , formation of one-person family, right of selection of living alone, establishment of centers of crisis of sexual violation, free love, specialists of women diseases and … But in return, what has exploited something and happiness of women depends on it is '' spouse and family''.

Two contrast interpretations

In spite of beliefs in Quran and Islam, it is expressed that relationship between a Muslim man and a Muslim woman in marital life is in line with traditions of ancient era and sometimes, such a relationship is inspired from feministic slogans and in some cases, it is in dilemma. Stress and friction of ideas in research area of this topic is cause of worry. Interpretations of researchers of texts of Quran and narrations is accompanied with stress and encouragement and persons that refer to them will not only achieve clear point of view of Quran, but it will also make persons that seek reality face to more surprise. Referring to the two following verses, some interpreters and researchers have considered an undeniable domination and say about firmness of men '' a husband is a head, a ruler and a person that punishes women whenever they become ill-natured''.
''الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ۚ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا''
''Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband´s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all)''.
''وَالْمُطَلَّقَاتُ يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنفُسِهِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ ۚ وَلَا يَحِلُّ لَهُنَّ أَن يَكْتُمْنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِي أَرْحَامِهِنَّ إِن كُنَّ يُؤْمِنَّ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ وَبُعُولَتُهُنَّ أَحَقُّ بِرَدِّهِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ إِنْ أَرَادُوا إِصْلَاحًا ۚ وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ''
''Divorced women shall wait concerning themselves for three monthly periods. Nor is it lawful for them to hide what Allah Hath created in their wombs, if they have faith in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands have the better right to take them back in that period, if they wish for reconciliation. And women shall have rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable; but men have a degree (of advantage) over them. And Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise''.
''Men try to guide women with orders and prohibitions as rulers order people''.
'' Men dominate on women in prudence, training, modifying and teaching''.
According to the statements of Zomokhsheri, benefits of men include wisdom, permanence, power of will, physical energy, ability of writing, ability of horse riding and only men were prophets, scientists and leaders and some cases devote only men such as reading khotbe ( sermon), attesting about sentence, more share in inheritance, right of number of wives, attributing of children to parents and having beard and turban.
Ibn Kathir says '' purpose from degree is superiority of men to women in creation, morals, rank, obedience of God, decent actions and a superior rank in the world and the doomsday''.

Fakhr Razi writes with referring to the following verse

''وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا لِّتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ''
''And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect''.
''According to the above verse, women have not been created for worshipping and acceptance of obligations. Women are like children due to lack of ability and wisdom and it was decent that they did not have obligations like them and God obliged them to listen to orders of their husbands and to fear from torture of God so that blessings to men reached perfectly''.
After he expresses his superiorities, he says '' when superiority of men to women is proved in these affairs, this matter turns out that a woman is like an unable captive in hand of men''.
Others that are influenced by feministic revolutions deny language of Sharia in the following verse and believe that purpose of the verse is to depict relationships between women and men in the time of Quran descending and principle of difference between rights of women and men is emphasized like difference between the rich and the poor as a bitter reality and its change as an ideal wish;
''الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ۚ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا''
''''Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband´s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all)''.

Abuzeid, one of supporters of this thought, writes

'' Superiority of men to women is not as absolute regulations of God, but it expresses reality that its change is desirable. According to customs and traditions in the society, no one has said and it is not appropriate to say '' traditions and customs of divine rules are permanent and absolute. The meaning of absolute domination of a man does not mean that his decision is certain and it is necessary to obey orders of men absolutely, but meaning of firmness is to accept social and economic responsibility. Therefore, firmness is a responsibility that a woman or a man can accept it if they can or according to conditions, they can do it together. Quran has considered firmness as superiority and power of Infaq, but it has not determined who is better than another one and it can be a reason that this responsibility can be accepted by a man or a woman, it can be done by both of them''.
What has been narrated so far is some extremist point of views about matter of women. However, this research tries to explain point of view of Quran in a realistic way and does not consider criticism and analysis of other point of views about firmness as its main purpose. On the other hand, comparative expression of matters is considered as a criticism for other point of views.
Way of expression of Quran devotes only Quran and arrangement of the verses of Quran follows a certain foundation. Meaningful network relates a verse to other verses. Therefore, a verse has a relationship with all of the verses, gets help from other verses and helps other verses as well.
Necessity of reciting Quran should be based on reality that interpretation of a verse should be done through the verses of Quran and this is considered only way of security of Quran from individual interpretation and analysis of presuppositions. But governorship of way of interpretation and research of Quran, attraction of national traditions and traditions of tribe and results gained from thinking cause that style of Quran is ignored and Quran research is done individually. Therefore, Fakhr Razi is not aware of remark of God in his previous judgment;
''وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُونِ''
''I have only created Jinns and men, that they may serve Me''.
This verse considers philosophy of creation of women and men worshipping. On the other hand, Abuzeid do not think about the content of the verses that God
''الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ۚ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا''
''''Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband´s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all)''.

Basic needs for understanding of firmness of men

''إِنَّ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَبِيرًا''
''Verily this Qur´an doth guide to that which is most right (or stable), and giveth the Glad Tidings to the Believers who work deeds of righteousness, that they shall have a magnificent reward''.
According to the above verse, all point of views and invitations of Quran is that Quran defines its trains with the word '' aghum'' that means '' more permanent''. In other words, religious invitations are guidelines in the path of permanence of creation process and human nature that includes goodness of the world and the doomsday and improvement of the resurrection and human life and this religion has the most efficacy in comparing to other religions and schools.
Naturally, Quran pays attention to couples and marital life and to achieve this exalted point of view needs a comprehensive and methodological attitude toward the verses of Quran. Moreover, the related matters should be considered such as equality and inequality of women and men from point of view of Quran.

Equality and acquired values

Quran not only expresses stages of physical completion of human, but it also talks about equal creation of women and men and position of their creation. In some stages of fetus growth, Quran has considered spiritual structure of nature or trains and requests of human, whether men or women, as an internal factor for perfection;
''وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ''
''That He did create in pairs,- male and female''.
''مِن نُّطْفَةٍ إِذَا تُمْنَىٰ''
''From a seed when lodged (in its place)''.
''أَلَمْ يَكُ نُطْفَةً مِّن مَّنِيٍّ يُمْنَىٰ''
''Was he not a drop of sperm emitted (in lowly form)?''
''ثُمَّ كَانَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقَ فَسَوَّىٰ''
''Then did he become a leech-like clot; then did (Allah) make and fashion (him) in due proportion''.
''فَجَعَلَ مِنْهُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ''
''And of him He made two sexes, male and female''.
''وَنَفْسٍ وَمَا سَوَّاهَا''
''By the Soul, and the proportion and order given to it''.
''فَأَلْهَمَهَا فُجُورَهَا وَتَقْوَاهَا''
''And its enlightenment as to its wrong and its right''.
The stage of soul purification is a stage that body gains its early form with fit figure and can accept soul of human as we read in story of Adam;
''فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ''
''When I have fashioned him (in due proportion) and breathed into him of My spirit, fall ye down in obeisance unto him''.
After formation of fetus structure, divine soul is blown and includes talent of tendency to good actions and hatred from bad actions, talent of fostering good features and ground of purification of bad actions. Therefore, Quran expresses
''قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن زَكَّاهَا''
''Truly he succeeds that purifies it''.
''وَقَدْ خَابَ مَن دَسَّاهَا''
''And he fails that corrupts it''.
Quran considers ability of women and men for adaptability in an equal level and mentions their perfection and weakness simultaneously;
''الْخَبِيثَاتُ لِلْخَبِيثِينَ وَالْخَبِيثُونَ لِلْخَبِيثَاتِ ۖ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلطَّيِّبِينَ وَالطَّيِّبُونَ لِلطَّيِّبَاتِ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ مُبَرَّءُونَ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ ۖ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ''
''Women impure are for men impure, and men impure for women impure and women of purity are for men of purity, and men of purity are for women of purity: these are not affected by what people say: for them there is forgiveness, and a provision honorable''.
Attributes that are found in both women and men need firmness, consistency and scientific and practical attempts and are formed repetitively. Quran states about effective role of righteous actions from women or men in formation of pleasant and ideal life
''مَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُ حَيَاةً طَيِّبَةً ۖ وَلَنَجْزِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْرَهشدُم بِأَحْسَنِ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ''
''Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has Faith, verily, to him will We give a new Life, a life that is good and pure and We will bestow on such their reward according to the best of their actions''.
Good life represents perfections that persons can achieve through perception and will. Right and false paths are appeared in his or her views clearly and Satan deceives human toward desires and pleasures of the world.
Such achievements rely on wisdom of human and lead to freedom of wisdom from capture of imaginations and fancies. Quran names such sagacious persons '' olol albab'', talks about their ideals and implementation of their requests and emphasizes on equality of women and men in these features;
''إِنَّ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لَآيَاتٍ لِّأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ''
''Behold! in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day,- there are indeed Signs for men of understanding''.
''الَّذِينَ يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِهِمْ وَيَتَفَكَّرُونَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ رَبَّنَا مَا خَلَقْتَ هَٰذَا بَاطِلًا سُبْحَانَكَ فَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّار''ِ
''Men who celebrate the praises of Allah, standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and contemplate the (wonders of) creation in the heavens and the earth, (With the thought): "Our Lord! not for naught Hast Thou created (all) this! Glory to Thee! Give us salvation from the penalty of the Fire''.
''رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ مَن تُدْخِلِ النَّارَ فَقَدْ أَخْزَيْتَهُ ۖ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنصَارٍ''
''Our Lord! any whom Thou dost admit to the Fire, Truly Thou coverest with shame, and never will wrong-doers Find any helpers''.
''رَّبَّنَا إِنَّنَا سَمِعْنَا مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي لِلْإِيمَانِ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِرَبِّكُمْ فَآمَنَّا ۚ رَبَّنَا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا ذُنُوبَنَا وَكَفِّرْ عَنَّا سَيِّئَاتِنَا وَتَوَفَّنَا مَعَ الْأَبْرَارِ''
''Our Lord! we have heard the call of one calling (Us) to Faith, ´Believe ye in the Lord,´ and we have believed. Our Lord! Forgive us our sins, blot out from us our iniquities, and take to Thyself our souls in the company of the righteous''.
''رَبَّنَا وَآتِنَا مَا وَعَدتَّنَا عَلَىٰ رُسُلِكَ وَلَا تُخْزِنَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ''
''Our Lord! Grant us what Thou didst promise unto us through Thine messengers, and save us from shame on the Day of Judgment: For Thou never breakest Thy promise''.
''فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّي لَا أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَامِلٍ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ ۖ بَعْضُكُم مِّن بَعْضٍ ۖ فَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا فِي سَبِيلِي وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ثَوَابًا مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ''
''And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain,- verily, I will blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath;- A reward from the presence of Allah, and from His presence is the best of rewards''.
Therefore, Quran expresses promise of reward for men and women, clarifies their unity and reminds this reality that peak of wisdom and superb rank of intuitive are in women as well as men.
If women promote in path of perception and intuitive, they will achieve rank of immaculateness, rank of talking to angels and rank of receiving of divine inspiration. Quran has long interpretations about Hazrat Zahra (peace be upon her), Hazrat Maryam (peace be upon her) and mother of Hazrat Musa in several of verses of Quran. Quran states about Hazrat Zahra (peace be upon her)
''وَقَرْنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَىٰ ۖ وَأَقِمْنَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتِينَ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِعْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۚ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا''
''And stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling display, like that of the former Times of Ignorance; and establish regular Prayer, and give regular Charity; and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah only wishes to remove all abomination from you, ye members of the Family, and to make you pure and spotless''.

Quran states about Hazrat Maryam (peace be upon her)

''وَإِذْ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَا مَرْيَمُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاكِ وَطَهَّرَكِ وَاصْطَفَاكِ عَلَىٰ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ''
''Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! Allah hath chosen thee and purified thee- chosen thee above the women of all nations''.
Quran states with addressing Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him)
''إِذْ أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ أُمِّكَ مَا يُوحَىٰ''
''Behold! We sent to thy mother, by inspiration, the message''.
''أَنِ اقْذِفِيهِ فِي التَّابُوتِ فَاقْذِفِيهِ فِي الْيَمِّ فَلْيُلْقِهِ الْيَمُّ بِالسَّاحِلِ يَأْخُذْهُ عَدُوٌّ لِّي وَعَدُوٌّ لَّهُ ۚ وَأَلْقَيْتُ عَلَيْكَ مَحَبَّةً مِّنِّي وَلِتُصْنَعَ عَلَىٰ عَيْنِي''
''Throw (the child) into the chest, and throw (the chest) into the river: the river will cast him up on the bank, and he will be taken up by one who is an enemy to Me and an enemy to him´: But I cast (the garment of) love over thee from Me: and (this) in order that thou mayest be reared under Mine eye''.
Hence, God does not consider any difference between men and women in movement toward God and movement toward God is possible through wisdom and righteous actions. Hence, if narrations that deny wisdom and faith are valid and right from aspect of documents, they will refer to barriers of wisdom and obligations and in this area, there are not any differences between men and women and if there are such differences, they will refer to external and social grounds.
The appearance of the verses reveals the different scenes of action of women and les women be free in doing effective activities in path of promotion and promises reward and forgiveness for women that fast and are patient. Since Quran explains about right of ownership of women, they do not have to get permission from their husbands for obsession of their properties;
''وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا اكْتَسَبُوا ۖ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا اكْتَسَبْنَ ۚ وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا''
''And in no wise covet those things in which Allah Hath bestowed His gifts More freely on some of you than on others: To men is allotted what they earn, and to women what they earn: But ask Allah of His bounty. For Allah hath full knowledge of all things''.
Therefore, most of Sunni jurisprudents emphasize on freedom of married women in obsession of their properties.
God refers to a kind of unity and reward for both women and men;
''فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّي لَا أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَامِلٍ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ ۖ بَعْضُكُم مِّن بَعْضٍ ۖ فَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا وَأُخْرِجُوا مِن دِيَارِهِمْ وَأُوذُوا فِي سَبِيلِي وَقَاتَلُوا وَقُتِلُوا لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ثَوَابًا مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عِندَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ''
''And their Lord hath accepted of them, and answered them: "Never will I suffer to be lost the work of any of you, be he male or female: Ye are members, one of another: Those who have left their homes, or been driven out therefrom, or suffered harm in My Cause, or fought or been slain,- verily, I will blot out from them their iniquities, and admit them into Gardens with rivers flowing beneath;- A reward from the presence of Allah, and from His presence is the best of rewards''.
According to the above verse, this is another document that women can be free and can attend different scenes of activities that are related to faith in God and doing responsibilities that are the ladder of human perfections. Therefore, Muslim women at the beginning of the Islam were under torture of polytheists with presence of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and gained victories in Hijrat in path of God and their attendance in battlefield.
In conclusion, women and men are equal in their tendencies and basic deviations. Therefore, rights and duties of women are equal with men and persons should do actions as many as values in order to achieve exalted rank. Claims about rights of women can be accepted if they have documents and reasons as clear as documents and reasons of Quran.
Gender differences or natural virtues
Quran mentions two genders '' female'' and '' male'' unassociated and considers this difference as regulations and creation of God;
''وَأَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَىٰ''
''That He did create in pairs,- male and female''.
''فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُهَا أُنثَىٰ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ وَلَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنثَىٰ ۖ وَإِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ''
''When she was delivered, she said: "O my Lord! Behold! I am delivered of a female child!"- and Allah knew best what she brought forth- "And no wise is the male Like the female. I have named her Mary, and I commend her and her offspring to Thy protection from the Evil One, the Rejected''.
Physical, spiritual, emotional different features in women and men that make their gender are values of blessings that are known with specific secrets and known effects.

Features of men

The most basic features of men from the point of view of scientists and psychologists include
1. Men have more physical ability and this area has provided tolerance of heavier and more difficult responsibilities of marital life in them.
2. Men have more preparation for sagacious and foresighted actions instead of basic and reactive actions. Such a feature has provided the ground of leaving responsibility of prudence of marital life for them. Since men are cold-blooded, they can deal with the heavy cost of divorce and marriage that is left to them, avoid actions that are based on their desires and followed adaptability in marital life with their fairness and goodness.
3. Men consider family club as club of comfort, relaxation and a calm place for forgetting troubles. If these expectations and needs are ignored by women, they will cause that they wander out of home without any specific purposes.
Quran reminds this need of men clearly and the meeting of this need by wife is considered as signs of divine power
'' وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا لِّتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ''
''And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who reflect''.
When a man comes back home from workplace with heavy responsibility and faces to empty place of women with sad face and distressed conditions, he will feel bitter taste and heavy tiredness. Such a claim can be considered as factors of the following moral recommendations '' women should not leave home without permission of their husbands and when their husbands go and come back, they should accompany them.
4. Men want beauty, tolerance and attraction of women. A woman that is familiar with spirit of men can increase rate of dependency of men to house with meeting such requests and decrease wandering without purposes.
There are narrations about makeup of women that is related to spiritual and sexual need of men.
Invasion of sexual need of men forms their feature. Therefore, they consider themselves sign of need, request and love.
Since lusts of pious men are provoked immediately, they avoid places that women are attend. Therefore, this factor makes a rakish man a ruthless hunter that threatens public chastity.
Since men have strong sexual desires and violate public chastity, Quran expresses that women should have Hijab and exhibit their decorations;
''قُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَغُضُّوا مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِمْ وَيَحْفَظُوا فُرُوجَهُمْ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ أَزْكَىٰ لَهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا يَصْنَعُونَ''
''Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that will make for greater purity for them: And Allah is well acquainted with all that they do''.
''وَقُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَىٰ عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ ۖ وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ''
''And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband´s fathers, their sons, their husbands´ sons, their brothers or their brothers´ sons, or their sisters´ sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards Allah, that ye may attain Bliss''.
On the other hand, Islam recommends to recognize sexual need of men as a priority. Therefore, they prevent from family crises that result from sexual deprivation of men.
6. Men are more biased than women. A man is anxious and worried that another man had already owned his wife, but such anxiety and worry are less in women. When bias of men is provoked and they become aware of lusts of men, their worry will increase. Therefore, they do not let their wives leave their houses especially in early young years.
It can be said that women have only one husband, but men have several wives because men have more bias, but women do not have it. A man does not accept that a women that has a husband be his wife, but women marry men that have wives easily.

Features of women

1. Women have superficial softness and attraction of appearance and more spiritual gentleness and pity. Women become excited sooner than men and are captured by their feelings. '' Excitement is a complex mental mood whose mental signs are appeared with anxiety and stress. It influences on mental activity and an excited person does not have enough concentration and does any actions without thinking about consequences of her behavior.
In religious texts, special attention is paid to emotional feature of women.
Imam Sajad (peace be upon him) states''
''من شأنِ النساءِ الرقّةُ و الجَزَعُ، فلم تَملِک نفسها''
'' Women are soft-hearted and reveal their sadness in difficulties. As a consequence, they lose their choice''.
''أَوَمَن يُنَشَّأُ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الْخِصَامِ غَيْرُ مُبِينٍ''
''Is then one brought up among trinkets, and unable to give a clear account in a dispute (to be associated with Allah)''.
Women use inappropriate tone of taking when they are angry and weak; this shows that they are emotional. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states about this matter
''شدةُ الغضب تغیرُ المنطق و تَقطعُ مادة الحُجةِ و تُفرِّقُ الفهمَ''
'' A lot of anger changes talking, cuts substance of reason and makes understanding distressed''.
It is narrated from Imam Baqer (peace be upon him) that the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) stated
''لأنهنّ کافرات الغضب مؤمنات الرضا''
'' Anger leads women toward blasphemy and satisfaction keeps them in path of faith in God''.
Some scientists consider excitement and provocation of their feelings as lack of their right thinking and believe that men should have affection toward them and should help them;
'' Lack of wisdom growth in some thoughts is considered as the greatest weak point of personality of women. It is considered as a factor causing that personality of women should be unreliable and impermanent. Moreover, it causes that women cannot preserve their spirituality and perfections and wisdom deviates its path due to emotional interferences''.
Mrs. Lamber writes '' wisdom power is imperfect in women because her strong emotion controls her''.
A psychologist with the name '' Kliv Dalsun'' expresses '' women are under control of their feelings and men are under control of their wisdom. It is seen a lot that women are equal with men from aspect of intelligence, but sometimes, they are better than men in this area. Weak point of women is their strong feelings. Therefore, they should accept that they need supervision of men''.
Because a woman is strongly sensitive, this results from her spiritual softness, she is worried from anger of men. They need his affection and support and try to attract their hearts and consider expression of his affection as her unforgettable memories.
The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) states in a narration
''قول الرجل للمرأة: إنی أحبک لایذهب من قلبها أبدا ''
'' A woman never forgets expression of friendship of a man toward herself''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states
''المرأة تکتم الحبَّ أربعینَ سنةً''
'' A woman keeps expressing of friendship of a man in her inner''.
Shahid Motahari says about explanation of this matter and educational effects of love on women
'' A woman wants to have control of heart of a man so that the man supports and defends her. Permanent affection and kindness of women are created as reaction to interest and affection of a man toward herself. Hence, interest of a women to a man causes that a man has interest toward a woman. Nature has left choice of key of affection of both sides to men''.
Wil Davarant says about this matter '' a woman can be alive if she is a beloved person and paying attention to her is cause of her life''.
Women are emotional persons and this feature of women is a value not a defect. Lack of attention to this mood will make women go beyond balance.
Therefore, it is said that if divorce is done by women, family system will always be at danger of disintegration. Lack of attention will lead practical action of women. According to this reality, attestation of two women instead of a woman can be justified.
2. Interest in being mother is one of other features of women and they have support of emotion power. Therefore, sexual reproduction and process of human life continue and it makes easy for women to tolerate pain of pregnancy, confinement, breastfeeding and taking care of children.
It seems that Quran has accepted existence of this sense in women and says in order to respect rank of mother and to remind sufferings of mother and importance of mother
''وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ وَهْنًا عَلَىٰ وَهْنٍ وَفِصَالُهُ فِي عَامَيْنِ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيْكَ إِلَيَّ الْمَصِير''ُ
''And We have enjoined on man (to be good) to his parents: in travail upon travail did his mother bear him, and in years twain was his weaning: (hear the command), "Show gratitude to Me and to thy parents: to Me is (thy final) Goal''.
In areas of psychology and biology, a mother without stress and anxiety will be considered as factor of healthy growth spiritual and mental forces and health of fetus in the future. The cost of the life of women is left to men. If a woman divorces, her husband should pay cost of the life of his pregnant wife and as long as she breastfeeds, her husband should pay cost of her life;
''أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنتُم مِّن وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ ۚ وَإِن كُنَّ أُولَاتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنفِقُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۖ وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُم بِمَعْرُوفٍ ۖ وَإِن تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَىٰ''
''Let the women live (in ´iddat) in the same style as ye live, according to your means: Annoy them not, so as to restrict them. And if they carry (life in their wombs), then spend (your substance) on them until they deliver their burden: and if they suckle your (offspring), give them their recompense: and take mutual counsel together, according to what is just and reasonable. And if ye find yourselves in difficulties, let another woman suckle (the child) on the (father´s) behalf''.
3. Interest in makeup, beauty and luxury is the third virtue of blessing of women. Quran states about this matter
''أَوَمَن يُنَشَّأُ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الْخِصَامِ غَيْرُ مُبِينٍ''
''Is then one brought up among trinkets, and unable to give a clear account in a dispute (to be associated with Allah)''.
Naturally, women like luxury and it does not have certain boundary. Woman may suffer from extremism in provision and exhibit and consider their talent and wisdom exclusive tool of this tendency. Therefore, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states
''عقولُ النساءِ فی جمالهن''
Quran has considered sense of luxury of women whose exhibit is in place of family life and they change monotonous and routine atmosphere of house to freshness and attractions of art. Moreover, women should be in sight of stranger men and do not disintegrate balance of family system and the society;
''وَقُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ۖ وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَىٰ جُيُوبِهِنَّ ۖ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاءِ بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَىٰ عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاءِ ۖ وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّ ۚ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعًا أَيُّهَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ''
''And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers, their husband´s fathers, their sons, their husbands´ sons, their brothers or their brothers´ sons, or their sisters´ sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers! turn ye all together towards Allah, that ye may attain Bliss''.
Philosophy of Hijab and its limitations are to preserve public chastity in the society. Therefore, Quran addresses young women and old women that are not attracted by men do not include all levels of Hijab;
''وَالَّذِينَ يَرْمُونَ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ إِلَّا أَنفُسُهُمْ فَشَهَادَةُ أَحَدِهِمْ أَرْبَعُ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ ۙ إِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ''
And for those who launch a charge against their spouses, and have (in support) no evidence but their own,- their solitary evidence (can be received) if they bear witness four times (with an oath) by Allah that they are solemnly telling the truth''.
Old women that cannot give birth to children and have no hope for marriage are permitted to take off their uniform and chador in presence of stranger men, but they should not exhibit their decorations.
Imam Sadeq (peace be upon him) states
'' کان أمیرالمؤمنین یُسلِّمُ علی النساءِ، و کان یَکره أن یُسلِّمَ علی الشابة منهنّ و یقول: أتخَوّفُ أن یُعجِبنی صوتُها فیدخُلَ عَلَیّ أکثرُ مما طَلبتُ من الأجر'
Amir Momenan (peace be upon him) was in the habit o of saying hello to women and did not like to say hello to young women and said '' I scare that their voice influences me and I cannot gain reward that I am trying for.
4. Women think about themselves and their life. Shevinhaver writes '' women look at everything from their own point of view and everything is personal from her point of view in order to achieve personal purposes''.
Wil Davarant claims '' women pay attention family affairs. Her environment is usually her house. If women sometimes use political expressions and phrases and express their feelings about all aspects of human, they will ignore all of them after they get married and women and their husbands leave activities that are related to out of house and remind their husbands to limit their faithfulness only to house''.
Mrs. Lamber also says '' women do not have united thoughts in social matters''.
The meaning of her remark is that women do not have enough motivation to deal with matters that are related to out of house and it does not mean that they are not able to do this responsibility.

Quran states

''يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكُمْ وَأَوْلَادِكُمْ عَدُوًّا لَّكُمْ فَاحْذَرُوهُمْ ۚ وَإِن تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا وَتَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ''
''O ye who believe! Truly, among your wives and your children are (some that are) enemies to yourselves: so beware of them! But if ye forgive and overlook, and cover up (their faults), verily Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful''.
You should pay attention to this meaning that natural features and tendencies of wives can influence men and influence persons that should accept responsibilities in the scene of the society under influence of exclusive and preventive motivations due to pity toward wives and children.
The mentioned differences in favor of benefits between men and women are virtues of blessings in women and men and it does not prove closeness of one of them to God because will and choice have no role in their appearance. Of course, each one is means of achieving acquired virtues and values.
From point of view of most of interpreters, the following verses remind the differences and features of gender in women and men in women and men as virtues and blessings.
''وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا اكْتَسَبُوا ۖ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا اكْتَسَبْنَ ۚ وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا''
''And in no wise covet those things in which Allah Hath bestowed His gifts More freely on some of you than on others: To men is allotted what they earn, and to women what they earn: But ask Allah of His bounty. For Allah hath full knowledge of all things''.
''الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ۚ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا''
''Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they support them from their means. Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband´s) absence what Allah would have them guard. As to those women on whose part ye fear disloyalty and ill-conduct, admonish them (first), (Next), refuse to share their beds, (And last) beat them (lightly); but if they return to obedience, seek not against them Means (of annoyance): For Allah is Most High, great (above you all)''.
The mentioned benefits are means for acquisition of virtue of value and prudence of God in natural path of the life for compensating physical and spiritual weak points of women and men and physical and spiritual superiority of one of them to the other one.

Shahid Motahari says about this matter

'' Because plan of unity can be implemented completely and their body and soul can be related to each other, God has established strange physical and spiritual differences in them and such differences make women and men become interested in each other and love each other. If a women has manly body, soul and manners, she can never attract any men and men can never be fascinated by her. And if men have spiritual and physical features of women, women never consider them as champion of the life''.
Therefore, blessings and benefits in women and men can help them to meet natural needs of each other. Natural need leads to natural right in men and women in female and male genders. Natural benefit is philosophy of assigning obligations and religious responsibilities in the marital life. According to the interpretation of Shahid Motahari '' unassociated talents and needs in men and women are considered as documents for their natural rights and religious obligations''.