America and Zionism

Until the start of World War II, primarily dominant power in the world was the government of England. From the changes that World War II brought in international relations was setting America and the Soviet Union as new powers that were succeeded as the traditional colonial powers.
In February 1943, America's Senate committee that was tasked with reviewing the national defense, chaired by Senator Truman, published a report about oil condition since the war. In the report a detailed explanation about reduction of oil sources of America was reflected and suggested. American citizens shall have more oil sources than other countries especially sources of Middle East, and America's government shall support American capitalists who try in this way.
Following formation of "oil reserves" by America's Government, in July 1943, Ayeks, Interior Minister of America that was designated to the company's board head said that the agency has agreed with oil companies that America can have a large pipe line from oil sources of countries bordering Persian Gulf, and he also declared that creating such oil pipe line will facilitate and accelerate oil extraction in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia and America will have full monitor on oil extraction in the areas.
Middle East was focus center of America because of oil sources since the early 1930s. In 1930, for the first time, American oil companies penetrated the monopoly of power of Great Britain in Persian Gulf by obtaining oil concession of Bahrain. On June 12 of the same year, two Standard Oil Companies of California and Texaco formed company "Bahrain Petroleum" (Bapko) with a 50-50 stock. Three years later (May 1933), the exclusive influence of Great Britain in the Persian Gulf collapsed even more by four American companies by obtaining oil score of Saudi Arabia. Standard Oil Companies of California, Standard Oil of New Jersey and Texaco each with 30% stake, Socony Mobil Oil with ten percent stake formed the " Arabic - Americans Oil Company " (Aramco). Saudi Arabia's oil reserves were soon known as was the world's largest oil reserves. American oil companies' influence continued in the Persian Gulf. The following year (23 December 1934), Gulf Exploration Oil Company won Kuwait's oil concession with 50-50 stocks with Iran – Britain Company. In the same year oil wells reached oil in Burgan oilfield. The oil field with reserves of 5.27 billion barrels of oil is known as a unique field.
In March 1949, the plan of "Fourth Point" of Truman was implemented to attract Middle East countries to America more. In the early 1950s, America was encouraged by England and formed "Organization for the Defense of the Middle East". But the United States continued to replace its influence in the region by power of Great Britain.
America's influence in the Middle East policy was originated from the time that United States which was usually exporter of crude oil and refined products became as the importer in 1948.
The following table shows the decline in the production of America in the world:

Year	World production	America's production	Percent of America's production in the world
1945	353	245	66%
1950	516	282	52%
1955	765	336	44%
1960	1052	345	33%

From 1970 onwards, as the following table shows, America practically turned into importer of crude oil. (Figures are based on Million barrels per day).

	1970	1975	1980	1985	1990	1995
Production	8/8	70/9	2/10	5/10	2/9	6/7
Consumption	6/10	7/11	4/12	1/14	17	18
Importation	8/1	2	2/2	6/2	8/7	4/10

Secretary of foreign affairs of America, William Rogers, in says in Report of March 26, 1971 about foreign policy of United States:
The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and Iran own about two-thirds of the world's known oil reserves. The use of this oil has the greatest importance in political and economic appropriate situations for our ally countries in the Atlantic Alliance (NATO) as well as the Western European countries and Japan.
Given the huge economic interests as well as strategy, America wanted to use Zionism as an ally in the region. Pro-Zionism in America, say:
If America's interests face any danger in the Middle East, it will take months for America to significantly be present there, but it has ally like Israel it will not last longer than a few days.
In this case it should be clear that the Zionist organization of America was founded formally in 1918. Early leaders of the organization were included of a young rabbi named Stephen Wise and another person named Louis Brandeis, who in 1917 was the first Jew who worked in the Supreme Court.
After the Balfour Declaration, the House of Senate of America also supported the statement. The Senate generally agreed with this promise and established in June 1922 that:
United States of America encourages establishing an ethnic homeland of the Jewish people in Palestine, provided that the government will be formed based on the principles that the Great Britain government's promise, issued in November 1917 that the is known as Balfour, has specified it.
In the same month, the House of Representatives agreed with the promise by a more Zionism approach. In the introduction to statement issued by the House of Representatives on 30 June 1922 we can read:
For centuries the Jewish people were waiting and eager to renew their old ethnic homeland and because of the results that were obtained from World War and the important role that Jews played, it is necessary to prepare backgrounds for Jewish people to build and rebuild their ethnic homeland in their ancestral lands; this is the opportunity that is given to the house of Israel, which is an opportunity that they have been deprived of for many years, and it is the construction and building rich Jewish life and culture in the old Jewish land.
Since the time Wilson President of America agreed with the promise of Balfour, presidents after him adopted the Israeli positions and became friend and collaborator and supporter of the Zionist movement in Palestine. Wilson's successor, Van Harding, openly declared his Zionist stance in June 1921:
It is impossible for anyone, who studies the service of the Jewish people, not to believe that one day they will return to their ethnic homeland and start a new phase even will play greater share of progress and civilization.
Then Calvin Coldek came. In 1924 he stressed on" his belief in the Jewish national home" in Palestine.
After him, Herbert Hofer in 1928 congratulated the Zionist movement in Palestine for the great success that was achieved, always repeating the provocative idea of Jews in Palestine.
Another America's president, Franklin Roosevelt said in the 1944 in presidential election:
That he will support opening the doors of Palestine to Jewish immigration and unconditional settlement of them; he also will support any policy that would lead to the establishment of a Jewish, democratic and free common wealthy and he is confidence that the people of America will endorse the goal and if he is re-elected as President of America, he will carry out a lot of effort for the realization of this goal.
At the beginning of the war between the Allies and Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom's efforts in finding a solution to the Palestinian problem stopped, but the Zionists of America continued their efforts to create a Jewish state and formed American - Palestinians committee including a large number of representatives, ministers, governors of states and influential persons in various fields of American society.
The committee put pressure in any case that saw helpful, until on December 1942, with the tenacity could make a statement be jointly signed by both the Senate and representatives. The statement, which was signed by 63 senators and 181 representatives, asked President Roosevelt to try to restore the Jewish homeland.
Thus, after the issuance of the "White Book" in 1939 in England World Zionist leadership devices were moved from Western Europe and the UK to America. Expansion of American capitalism's penetration in the Middle East and Near East, understanding the importance of strategic position of region by government circles and exponential growth of Zionist organizations in America helped influence of Zionist circles in the government of America.
Britain also considering increasing pressure with the thought that their responsibility is shared with the United States, proposed the formation of an English - American inquiry commission that analyzes Palestinian situation and recommends a solution for it. The Commission did his tasks in the interval between the first and second Truman's Message about giving permission to immigrants. In April 1946, the Commission recommended continue of the British mandate over Palestine to the establishment of the United Nations' mandate, immediate allowing to 100,000 Jewish refugees and deleting restrictions of transfer of land. The next step was creating a new English - American commission which was tasked with finding ways to implement the recommendations of the Commission. As a result, it was report of Grady Morrison that suggested the establishment of a federal Jewish - Arab state and Joint Jewish and Arabs Agreement by allowing more immigration of Jews. Considering that the plan of Grady Morrison disappointed Zionists, President of America, Truman, did not agreed the idea.
However, after the outbreak of World War II and the United States of America appearing on the scene of international politics, the United Kingdom, of course, had to consider the views of the government on various issues. World War II caused a series of changes in the international system, including the emergence of America and the Soviet Union as two superpowers and preparation for division of the region between themselves. United States of America played an active role about Palestine and Jewish settlement from the 1940s, so that in May 1942, the Zionists in the United States accepted the Baltimore's programs, which called for a Jewish state in Palestine.
American Zionists held a Conference in Baltimore hostel in New York in May 1942 and issued a resolution with the following materials:
1- There cannot be democracy in the world without considering an independent Jewish state.
2- White book of 1939 in England is outcast and rejected.
3- Immigration to Palestine should be absolutely free and the Jews of the world shall be able to own home in Palestine under the auspices of the Jewish Agency.
4- An especial Jewish army under the banner of Zion should be formed for Jews.
The Jewish Agency of Palestine and other categories of Zionism adopted the resolution unanimously and set it as plan of their movement.
In December 1942, sixty-six senators and 181 members of the Congress asked Roosevelt "to return the Jewish homeland to them." In July 1942, a majority both in the Senate and the House of Representatives asked Truman to apply all his influence in opening Palestine doors and providing the Jews' migration to this land.
Lilienthal, the American journalist, wrote in this regard:
Since December 1942, the presidents of United States were constantly under pressure of senators and congressmen that questioned and said that Great Britain should be forced to cancel restrictions on immigration to Palestine. Meanwhile, around the same time the capital share of "economic firm of Palestine" increased more than four times the initial capital and required effective support and guarantee.