The recognition of the internal and external factors of doubt formation

The external and internal factors of causing doubt form a part of the personality of a person that causes doubt.
Quran states that only God has absolute science and other persons have limited science;
وَیَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الرُّوحِ ۖ قُلِ الرُّوحُ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّی وَمَا أُوتِیتُم مِّنَ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا قَلِیلًا
They ask thee concerning the Spirit (of inspiration). Say: "The Spirit (cometh) by command of my Lord: of knowledge it is only a little that is communicated to you, (O men).
Quran states about Hazrat Adam
وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّی جَاعِلٌ فِی الْأَرْضِ خَلِیفَةً ۖ قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِیهَا مَن یُفْسِدُ فِیهَا وَیَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّی أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
Behold, thy Lord said to the angels: "I will create a vicegerent on earth." They said: "Wilt Thou place therein one who will make mischief therein and shed blood?- whilst we do celebrate Thy praises and glorify Thy holy (name)?" He said: "I know what ye know not''.
وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنبِئُونِی بِأَسْمَاءِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِینَ
And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before the angels, and said: "Tell me the names of these if ye are right''.
قَالُوا سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَلِیمُ الْحَكِیمُ
They said: "Glory to Thee, of knowledge We have none, save what Thou Hast taught us: In truth it is Thou Who art perfect in knowledge and wisdom''.
قَالَ یَا آدَمُ أَنبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا أَنبَأَهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكُمْ إِنِّی أَعْلَمُ غَیْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ
He said: "O Adam! Tell them their names." When he had told them, Allah said: "Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heaven and earth, and I know what ye reveal and what ye conceal?''
فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّیْطَانُ عَنْهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِیهِ ۖ وَقُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ وَلَكُمْ فِی الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِینٍ
Then did Satan make them slip from the (garden), and get them out of the state (of felicity) in which they had been. We said: "Get ye down, all (ye people), with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be your dwelling-place and your means of livelihood - for a time.
وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ یَا مُوسَىٰ لَن نَّصْبِرَ عَلَىٰ طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ فَادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ یُخْرِجْ لَنَا مِمَّا تُنبِتُ الْأَرْضُ مِن بَقْلِهَا وَقِثَّائِهَا وَفُومِهَا وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا ۖ قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِی هُوَ أَدْنَىٰ بِالَّذِی هُوَ خَیْرٌ ۚ اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُم مَّا سَأَلْتُمْ ۗ وَضُرِبَتْ عَلَیْهِمُ الذِّلَّةُ وَالْمَسْكَنَةُ وَبَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا یَكْفُرُونَ بِآیَاتِ اللَّهِ وَیَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِیِّینَ بِغَیْرِ الْحَقِّ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوا وَّكَانُوا یَعْتَدُونَ
And remember ye said: "O Moses! we cannot endure one kind of food (always); so beseech thy Lord for us to produce for us of what the earth groweth, -its pot-herbs, and cucumbers, Its garlic, lentils, and onions." He said: "Will ye exchange the better for the worse? Go ye down to any town, and ye shall find what ye want!" They were covered with humiliation and misery; they drew on themselves the wrath of Allah. This because they went on rejecting the Signs of Allah and slaying His Messengers without just cause. This because they rebelled and went on transgressing.
وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُو الشَّیَاطِینُ عَلَىٰ مُلْكِ سُلَیْمَانَ ۖ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَیْمَانُ وَلَٰكِنَّ الشَّیَاطِینَ كَفَرُوا یُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَیْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ ۚ وَمَا یُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ یَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ ۖ فَیَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا یُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَیْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ ۚ وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّینَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَیَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا یَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا یَنفَعُهُمْ ۚ وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِی الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ۚ وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا یَعْلَمُونَ
They followed what the evil ones gave out (falsely) against the power of Solomon: the blasphemers Were, not Solomon, but the evil ones, teaching men Magic, and such things as came down at babylon to the angels Harut and Marut. But neither of these taught anyone (Such things) without saying: "We are only for trial; so do not blaspheme." They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah´s permission. And they learned what harmed them, not what profited them. And they knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no share in the happiness of the Hereafter. And vile was the price for which they did sell their souls, if they but knew.
Quran states that vanity causes doubt;
الَّذِینَ یُجَادِلُونَ فِی آیَاتِ اللَّهِ بِغَیْرِ سُلْطَانٍ أَتَاهُمْ ۖ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِندَ اللَّهِ وَعِندَ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ یَطْبَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ قَلْبِ مُتَكَبِّرٍ جَبَّارٍ
(Such) as dispute about the Signs of Allah, without any authority that hath reached them, grievous and odious (is such conduct) in the sight of Allah and of the Believers. Thus doth Allah, seal up every heart - of arrogant and obstinate Transgressors.
Quran states that Satan did not prostrate against Hazrat Adam due to his vanity;
وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِیسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِینَ
And behold, We said to the angels: "Bow down to Adam" and they bowed down. Not so Iblis: he refused and was haughty: He was of those who reject Faith.
Quran states in the following verses that the tribe of Hazrat Musa made doubts about the orders of God because they were difficult to do;
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ یَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً ۖ قَالُوا أَتَتَّخِذُنَا هُزُوًا ۖ قَالَ أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِینَ
And remember Moses said to his people: "Allah commands that ye sacrifice a heifer." They said: "Makest thou a laughing-stock of us?" He said: "Allah save me from being an ignorant (fool).
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ یُبَیِّن لَّنَا مَا هِیَ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُ یَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا فَارِضٌ وَلَا بِكْرٌ عَوَانٌ بَیْنَ ذَٰلِكَ ۖ فَافْعَلُوا مَا تُؤْمَرُونَ
They said: "Beseech on our behalf Thy Lord to make plain to us what (heifer) it is!" He said; "He says: The heifer should be neither too old nor too young, but of middling age. Now do what ye are commanded'' .
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ یُبَیِّن لَّنَا مَا لَوْنُهَا ۚ قَالَ إِنَّهُ یَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ صَفْرَاءُ فَاقِعٌ لَّوْنُهَا تَسُرُّ النَّاظِرِینَ
They said: "Beseech on our behalf Thy Lord to make plain to us Her colour." He said: "He says: A fawn-coloured heifer, pure and rich in tone, the admiration of beholders''.
قَالُوا ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ یُبَیِّن لَّنَا مَا هِیَ إِنَّ الْبَقَرَ تَشَابَهَ عَلَیْنَا وَإِنَّا إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَمُهْتَدُونَ
They said: "Beseech on our behalf Thy Lord to make plain to us what she is: To us are all heifers alike: We wish indeed for guidance, if Allah wills''.
قَالَ إِنَّهُ یَقُولُ إِنَّهَا بَقَرَةٌ لَّا ذَلُولٌ تُثِیرُ الْأَرْضَ وَلَا تَسْقِی الْحَرْثَ مُسَلَّمَةٌ لَّا شِیَةَ فِیهَا ۚ قَالُوا الْآنَ جِئْتَ بِالْحَقِّ ۚ فَذَبَحُوهَا وَمَا كَادُوا یَفْعَلُونَ
He said: "He says: A heifer not trained to till the soil or water the fields; sound and without blemish." They said: "Now hast thou brought the truth." Then they offered her in sacrifice, but not with good-will''.
In the following verse, Quran has recommended to pay attention to the personality of hypocrites and has censured them because they cause doubt;
وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ أَمْرٌ مِّنَ الْأَمْنِ أَوِ الْخَوْفِ أَذَاعُوا بِهِ ۖ وَلَوْ رَدُّوهُ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ وَإِلَىٰ أُولِی الْأَمْرِ مِنْهُمْ لَعَلِمَهُ الَّذِینَ یَسْتَنبِطُونَهُ مِنْهُمْ ۗ وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَیْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَاتَّبَعْتُمُ الشَّیْطَانَ إِلَّا قَلِیلًا
When there comes to them some matter touching (Public) safety or fear, they divulge it. If they had only referred it to the Messenger, or to those charged with authority among them, the proper investigators would have Tested it from them (direct). Were it not for the Grace and Mercy of Allah unto you, all but a few of you would have fallen into the clutches of Satan.
Satanic temptations are external factors that lead to doubt. Quran states
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن یُجَادِلُ فِی اللَّهِ بِغَیْرِ عِلْمٍ وَیَتَّبِعُ كُلَّ شَیْطَانٍ مَّرِیدٍ
And yet among men there are such as dispute about Allah, without knowledge, and follow every evil one obstinate in rebellion.
إِنَّ الَّذِینَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنكُمْ یَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّیْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا ۖ وَلَقَدْ عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِیمٌ
Those of you who turned back on the day the two hosts Met,-it was Satan who caused them to fail, because of some (evil) they had done. But Allah Has blotted out (their fault): For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Forbearing.
ثُمَّ أَنزَلَ عَلَیْكُم مِّن بَعْدِ الْغَمِّ أَمَنَةً نُّعَاسًا یَغْشَىٰ طَائِفَةً مِّنكُمْ ۖ وَطَائِفَةٌ قَدْ أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنفُسُهُمْ یَظُنُّونَ بِاللَّهِ غَیْرَ الْحَقِّ ظَنَّ الْجَاهِلِیَّةِ ۖ یَقُولُونَ هَل لَّنَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ مِن شَیْءٍ ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ الْأَمْرَ كُلَّهُ لِلَّهِ ۗ یُخْفُونَ فِی أَنفُسِهِم مَّا لَا یُبْدُونَ لَكَ ۖ یَقُولُونَ لَوْ كَانَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَیْءٌ مَّا قُتِلْنَا هَاهُنَا ۗ قُل لَّوْ كُنتُمْ فِی بُیُوتِكُمْ لَبَرَزَ الَّذِینَ كُتِبَ عَلَیْهِمُ الْقَتْلُ إِلَىٰ مَضَاجِعِهِمْ ۖ وَلِیَبْتَلِیَ اللَّهُ مَا فِی صُدُورِكُمْ وَلِیُمَحِّصَ مَا فِی قُلُوبِكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِیمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
After (the excitement) of the distress, He sent down calm on a band of you overcome with slumber, while another band was stirred to anxiety by their own feelings, Moved by wrong suspicions of Allah-suspicions due to ignorance. They said: "What affair is this of ours?" Say thou: "Indeed, this affair is wholly Allah´s." They hide in their minds what they dare not reveal to thee. They say (to themselves): "If we had had anything to do with this affair, We should not have been in the slaughter here." Say: "Even if you had remained in your homes, those for whom death was decreed would certainly have gone forth to the place of their death"; but (all this was) that Allah might test what is in your breasts and purge what is in your hearts. For Allah knoweth well the secrets of your hearts.
The riot of polytheists is one of external factors in the formation of riot. One of the purposes of the riot of polytheists is to cause doubts among Muslims as Quran states
یَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِیهِ ۖ قُلْ قِتَالٌ فِیهِ كَبِیرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَن سَبِیلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ وَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِندَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ۗ وَلَا یَزَالُونَ یُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ یَرُدُّوكُمْ عَن دِینِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَن یَرْتَدِدْ مِنكُمْ عَن دِینِهِ فَیَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِی الدُّنْیَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِیهَا خَالِدُونَ
They ask thee concerning fighting in the Prohibited Month. Say: "Fighting therein is a grave (offence); but graver is it in the sight of Allah to prevent access to the path of Allah, to deny Him, to prevent access to the Sacred Mosque, and drive out its members." Tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter. Nor will they cease fighting you until they turn you back from your faith if they can. And if any of you Turn back from their faith and die in unbelief, their works will bear no fruit in this life and in the Hereafter; they will be companions of the Fire and will abide therein.
وَأَنِ احْكُم بَیْنَهُم بِمَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَن یَفْتِنُوكَ عَن بَعْضِ مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَیْكَ ۖ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا یُرِیدُ اللَّهُ أَن یُصِیبَهُم بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ كَثِیرًا مِّنَ النَّاسِ لَفَاسِقُونَ
And this (He commands): Judge thou between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they beguile thee from any of that (teaching) which Allah hath sent down to thee. And if they turn away, be assured that for some of their crime it is Allah´s purpose to punish them. And truly most men are rebellious.
وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّىٰ لَا تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَیَكُونَ الدِّینُ كُلُّهُ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِنِ انتَهَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا یَعْمَلُونَ بَصِیرٌ
And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah altogether and everywhere; but if they cease, verily Allah doth see all that they do. منبع مقاله :
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