What was the French aid to Israel to build a nuclear bomb

In various reports we read that Francis Perrin, who was a member of the French Atomic Energy Commission in 1949, used to give information on nuclear
Saturday, August 19, 2017
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author: علی اکبر مظاهری
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What was the French aid to Israel to build a nuclear bomb
What was the French aid to Israel to build a nuclear bomb

Translator: Davood Salehan
Source: rasekhoon.net


 

In various reports we read that Francis Perrin, who was a member of the French Atomic Energy Commission in 1949, used to give information on nuclear field to Israel. At the same time, an Israeli who had information about nuclear science and worked in Los Alamos National Laboratory of America, also transferred the information to Israel in the nuclear field.
Although France before World War II was active in the field of nuclear research, but in this area it had fallen far behind of America, the USSR, Britain and Canada.
The Israelis say that in the 50s, France was the main supplier of weapons to Israel. Meanwhile, France was losing its position in the colonial countries in North Africa. Israel relieved valuable information to France through the Sephardic Jews that lived in these countries so that France would continue its reign in the colonies.
Another point is that, in October 1956, France, Britain and Israel became united against Egypt in connection with the attack on the Suez Canal. The Israelis say that the issue of the Suez Canal and its control by Egypt as well as the contract that Egypt signed with Czechoslovakia in 1955 led Israel to be seeking for nuclear weapons. Israelis also argue that closing the Strait of Tiran by jamal Abdel Nasser in 1953 led Ben Gurion - the first prime minister of Israel - order Israel to be seeking to develop nuclear and chemical weapons.
This issue cannot be true in any way because the Israelis were looking for making a nuclear weapon from the 1948. The Israelis say that six weeks before the operation of the Suez Canal, Shimon Peres, who was then general director of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of War and the assistant of Ben Gurion, along with Bergman met members of the Commission of nuclear energy of France. Ben Gurion, Shimon Peres and Bergman are called Israel's nuclear fathers and these three meeting the French was in order to France help Israel in non-peaceful nuclear activities of Israel.
In September 1956, France and Israel had another meeting outside Paris on Israel's nuclear activities. In seventeenth of November 1956, a secret meeting was held between Golda Meir - Israel's foreign minister - and Shimon Peres and Christian Pineau, French Foreign Minister, and Maurice Bourgeois Monavari, French Defense Minister. During the meeting, Shimon Peres made French men to give a promise to assist Israel in the development of nuclear weapons. Then, in October 1957 - when Maurice Bourgeois was appointed as the prime minister of France - a contract was signed between France and Israel in the nuclear field. The Israelis say that Shimon Peres - Head of the Israeli nuclear programs - had a very close relationship with Maurice Bourgeois Monavari. The Israelis also say that in terms of De Mole and General de Gaulle strategy, Israel had a special place for this reason that a nuclear Israel could be considered as a counter-force against the Egyptian because Egypt openly helped rebels in Algeria to fight against French forces; accordingly France wanted a nuclear Israel against Egypt. Another point is that France was calling for a nuclear bomb, and America had banned exports of some items - such as advanced computers that could help France in making a nuclear bomb - from America to France. Therefore, Israel helped France in this regard, so that it bought advanced computers from America and later sent them to France.
In any case, France - confidentially - constructed Dimona nuclear center in the Negev Desert, in the south of Palestine, near Byrshyba. French engineers and technicians, who built nuclear center of Markol in French, also built nuclear facility in Dimona in Israel. A French company called "Sun" built plutonium separation facilities in Franc and Israel.
Israel used to state false information about activities of Dimona nuclear base for several years, for example the location is a manganese factory and in some cases even introduced the nuclear base as a textile factory.
In late 1958, Yu - 2 American spy planes drafted images from the Dimona site and introduced it as a nuclear site.
In 1960, De Gaulle, President of France, decided to suspend nuclear site of Dimona for a while, but with negotioations done by Israelis leaders, finally, in November 1960, again Dimona site was unsuspended, and the French continued their assistance in connection with the site. Of course, it should be noted that presence of the nuclear site was unknown to the world till that time and the world - with the exception of a handful of French, British and Americans - did not think that Israel has a nuclear site to produce nuclear weapons and there were few people who were aware of the truth.
Two years after spy planes of America drafted images from Dimona site, the State Department of America in second Dec of 1960, declared that Israel has a confidential nuclear site and New York Times released the news on December 16, 1960.
On December 21, 1960, Ben Gurion - Israel's prime minister - announced that Israel is building a 24-megawatt nuclear power plant and all nuclear activities of Israel are peaceful. This happened at a time when the president of America was John F. Kennedy, and he opposed with non-peaceful activities of Israel and argued that if we allow Israel to have non-peaceful nuclear activities, then we cannot say China not to have non-peaceful nuclear activities. This issue created a tension between America and Israel (at the time of John F. Kennedy and Ben Gurion).
Though Israel one-time allowed two so-called American physicists, named Isador Issyk Rebuy and Eugene Wigner who were both of European Jews after World War II, and had emigrated to America – to have a cursory visit from the Dimona site, Ben Gurion intensity rejected regular inspection of Dimona nuclear site by international inspectors.
The Israelis say that the latest decision of America and Israel was that the nuclear activities of Israel be peaceful, and Israel allows US' nuclear inspectors to visit the site in Israel twice a year that the inspections began from 1962 and continued to1969.
One key point is that inspectors who went to Dimona and visit there, only visited the upper floor of the site and did not visit the lower classes of this site, maybe because they did not know that there are also lower classes in the site and main non-peaceful nuclear activities of Israel were done in the lower classes of this site. Another point that the inspectors visited Israel's nuclear sites only once a year, although according to plan they should have visited this site twice a year. The main fundamental problem of Israel was John F. Kennedy, who was killed by order of Ben Gurion, by Mossad agents and after him, all the presidents of America - even Lyndon Johnson, Vice of John F. Kennedy and was put in Kennedy's position after his assassination, agreed with all non-peaceful nuclear activities of Israel and America continued sending heavy water to Israel for nuclear activities of Israel.
Notes were revealed on the Israeli nuclear site later. One of those points was that the upper floor of the nuclear site had artificial and fake control rooms. Lower floors of the nuclear site are the secret parts of the site where the reprocessing of plutonium takes place in the lower classes. Before inspectors visiting the nuclear site, they built a brick wall in front of the elevator, which led to lower floors, and investigators did not think that there is a lower class too. In any case, Israel continued non-peaceful nuclear activities for decades and will continue and it is not a member of the NPT is and the world is silent, but they have confronted Islamic Republic of Iran, and apply sanctions against Iran, though the International Atomic energy agency and the IAEA inspectors say that Iran's nuclear activities are peaceful.

/J

 


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