Comedy in Iran

Extracted from Rasekhoon
In Iran, after many years of funny performances such as black dance, grocer play (Bagal Bazi) and female funny plays were prevalent, the first comedic productions took place shortly before the constitution was announced among Armenian male and female actors. These people came from the Caucasus, and the text of the plays they brought with themselves was in Armenian, or translated into Azeri Turkish language. Playwriting, also in its European sense, began with the establishment of Dar Al Fonoun as well as the Academy of Arts and the translation of the plays of Müller. In 1266 AD, when under the command of Nasir al-Din Shah in the northeastern land of the royal citadel of Tehran, the building of the Dar Al Fonoun was built, on the corner of which a large hall was made of about three hundred people in the style of the European theater. Nasser-al-Din Shah, during his numerous journeys to Europe had been enchanted by the theater word. First, because of the clergy's opposition, that hall was not used. But later Musirolumar, the great music teacher of Dar Al Fonoun, Mirza Ali Bakr Khan Mizin-Dowleh, the Shah's painters and several others, organized privately the comedy shows. The audiences of these shows were the king and royal family. The co-founder's desire for comedy was due to the Qajar tyranny and the possible collision of state officials with social critical shows. The painter was a student of expedition to the Europe. After returning to Iran, he prepared the hall on the orders of the Shah in Dar Al Fonoun and put the people-escaping of Müller’s work on the show.
From the first Müller’s comedy translated into Persian, it was compulsive and gambling plays. The translation of the puzzling play, which has also called the dragon, was in line with the translations of that time appropriate to the Iranian taste. For the names of individuals and places, Eastern equivalents were determined. For example, in the French text, the location of the story was city of Messina, but it turned into Baghdad, and the names of Nasim, Nokmirza, Hoshiyar, Jamileh, Kanizack, Haji and Salim were replaced by the European names. It was the translation of the same text as in the year 1331 AH where the players of the National Drama Theater performed in Tehran's Granite Hall. The French name is the unexpected accidents. Compulsory physician was translated on 1322 AH by Mohammad Hassan Khan Etemad al-Saltanah in Tehran.
Comedy of the report of people-escaping by Müller work was another example that Mirza Habib Isfahani translated to Persian in 1286. This play was published in the Akhtar and later independently in 25 Rabi'Allah in 1286 AH. It was published in the image gallery of Istanbul's thoughts. For example, the following piece, which is the translation of an anthem, is in the second part of the first panel of the first language of the Alsist language
The first Iranian writer, who wrote comedians in the Turkish language of Azeri, was Mirza Fath Ali Akhondzadeh (Akhundev) and later Mirza Gharakh translated them into Farsi. The titles of these comedies are: the story of Mulla Abrahim Khalil Kimiagar (1267 AH), the story of Messi Jurandan the scholar of Plants and Darwish Mustali Shah, the famous wizard (1267 AH), the story of Golodorbasan bear (1268 AH), the story of Vazir Khan Sarab (1267 AH), the stingy or Hajigara (1269 AH and the story of the lawyers of Marafe in the city of Tabriz (1272 AH).
After Akhondzadeh, Mirza Agha Tabrizi wrote some plays in Farsi. These writings consisted of three short plays, written in the year 1287 AH, first in a footnote in Ettehad newspaper, and then in the name of a collection of three pieces attributed to Mirza Malkum Khan Nazimdalouleh published in Berlin. Then it became clear that these plays were not written by Mirza Malkum Khan, and its original writer, Mirza Agha Tabrizi, was the first secretary of the French embassy in Tehran. The subjects of these three plays are respectively
The story of Ashraf Khan, the ruler of Sudia Arabia, during his stay in Tehran who was summoned to the capital in 1322 and has paid the three years account of velayat and after a lot of work, again he wore the robe for ruling
2. The way of the regime at Khan Boroujerdi's era and the history of those days, in the parliament.
3. The story of Shahkholi Mirza’s travel to Karbala and a few days stay in Kermanshah before Shah Morād Mirza, the governor ruling there, in four parliaments.
In these plays, the dark and terrible scenes of tyranny and the lawlessness of the Naseri era were portrayed, but the humorous expression of the unfortunate circumstances of that time brought joy to the reader.
Haji Raikhi Khan or Tarotov Sharqi and Professor Nawrooz Pinehdooz two works of Ahmad Mahmoudi (Kamal al-Zawra), Aprat Sassanian or Khosrow Syrin's wedding written by Reza Kamal (Shahrzad), Jafar Khan came from the Europe, and Iranian play by Hassan Moghadam (Ali norooz) is among other Iranian comedies.
The Iranian comedy group, formed in 1334 AH, coincided with the return of Seyyed Ali Nasr from Europe, was the first play institute, which, in accordance with the principles and the assistance of a number of worthy artists, as well as the actors of Armenian, Turkish and Jewish women, comedy shows based on the plays of Müller Implemented. The group continued to operate for nearly ten years despite the many financial problems.
Mahmoud Zahir-al-Dini, the pivotal actor of this comedy band themselves formed the comedy group of Akhavan and this band , for a period, performed short plays of Müller in Rasht and Tehran.
Musical Comedy Group in 1338 AH, the Young Iran Band in 1340 AH with playing of Lertha and Fekri and the regular performance of Ja'far Khan came from Farang, Hassan Moghaddam and Musical Clubs Group in 1341 AH led by Ali Waziri were regarded as other active comedy groups in Iran.
The final point is that Hassan Moghaddam, the famous comedian Jafar Khan, came from Farang, was a talented writer who was in touch and friendship with Andrea Gide, Roman Roland, Henri Sande, Massignon, and Mazaric, the First President of the Czech. However, has left several other plays such as sonnet and many articles. Unfortunately, Mogadam’s life was very short and he did not live more than 27 years.
In the comedy of Jafar Khan's unique film came from the Far West and also it has been criticized about fanaticism of Iranians as well as youth's behaviors and superstitious. This play was so popular at the time that the name of the main hero of the play was used as a metaphor for those who pretend to be a European and it was called "Yaro Jafarkhaneh or Ja'far Khan came from Europe (Farhang)". In this play, an excerpt is provided as an example, Jafar Khan Ajdad, a twenty-two year old son of one of the Middle aristocrats of Tehran, has gone to Europe for eight years. Now that it is 1340 AH, his family is waiting for him to return from Europe
Jafar Khan has come from Europe (Farang)
Jafar Khan’s mother aims to select her son’s cousin, Zeinat, who lives in the same house with her as soon as his son arrives. However, the old woman aims to have a crowded family and around eight children shot, run and keep her home in a mess and then she dies. So, Zeinat is a suitable case for this end because she knows all that can keep the spouse in joy and happiness. She can help in doing housework, clean the verdures, sew, iron, recite holy Quran, make Halva, tell fortune and does the magic; anyway, the these family members believe in all the things like doing magic and all the other activities known as superstitions and even as it is known from their speeches, they believe that the European feed on the bear and monkeys’ meat and obtain a type of drinking from the skin of their priests.
Jafar Khan steps in the father's house with coat and the latest Parisian pants - of course, by sending his business card and ensuring that his mother is free while, he is carrying his dog’s collar, the Carrot. He speaks Persian with some mistakes and half of his words are mixed with French words. This is our own sanguine kid who has spent some years in Europe. Now he calls himself "we, Parisians!" and he believes progress and civilization, in his words, “progress” and “civilization is" in Fokkol, ties and wearing style.
Ja'far Khan "cannot live in the same boat." especially with his uncle, Unfortunately, unlike Ja'far Khan, he does not believe in any amendment. Sir, he does not wring his hands. He is unhappy that Ja'far Khan has walked on the carpet with his shoes in the room and everywhere and he is scared that if he does not change his temper, they will not be able to live together tomorrow when he married Zeinat and the couple will not be able to live together, so now that he has come to his country safely, they must teach him to obey the Persian rules of life for example, he should have food with his hands, sleeps on the floor and wear a hat all the time. It is because in this country, if we do not wear a hat, we will be worn a hat on" moreover, he should apologize for her dog's puppy behavior, too.