Imam Khomeini’s Biography

(ROHOLLAH Al MOUSAVI Al-KHOMEINI).
Imam Khomeini was born on Twentieth Jumada II 1320 AH (Arabic calendar) equal to Thirtieth Shahrivar 1281 Hijri (Persian calendar) (24 September of 1902) in the city of Khomein which is in the Markazi province, he was born in a family who were inhabitant to science, migration and jihad and in a family from progeny of Holy Zahra, daughter of the Islam`s prophet, Mohammed (PBUH).
He was the heir of forefather’s trait who have attempted for leading people and acquiring knowledge of God for the ages. His honorable father, Ayatollah Seyyed Mostafa Musavi was from contemporaries of Ayatollah Mirza Shirazi. After the years of acquiring Islamic science and knowledge in Najaf, he had been promoted to the degree of discretion and after that he came back to Iran, and he was the leader of people in Religious Affairs in KHOMEIN City. After passing more than 5 month from Imam Khomeini’s birth, Oppressors and Khans who were under the support of governors, martyred his father by bullet on the path between Khomein to Arak. This was because of his standing to their Coercion.
Therefore, from the childhood he was familiar with the pain of being orphan and was faced with the case of martyrdom. His childhood and Adolescence was under the patronage of his mother (Lady Hajar), she was from the family of piety and science and she was from grandchildren of Ayatollah Khansari (dexterous in songs). Also he was under patronage of his aunt who was a brave lady, but at the age of 15 he was excluded from these two gifts, that they both passed away.

Imam Khomeini’s migration to Qom and studying upper education courses:

After a while form migration of Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Abd Al-karim Hayeri Yazdi (New Year 1300, Persian calendar equal to Rajab 1340 AH, Arabic calendar) Imam Khomeini went to Seminary of Qom and he quickly passed the upper education courses of Seminary science to the professors of Qom seminary.

Imam Khomeini’s marriage and formation of family:

When Imam Khomeini was at the age of 27, Mirza Mohammad Saghafi Tehrani at the time of his education became known with Imam Khomeini, and this relationship was the intermediate of the marriage of Imam Khomeini to Lady Saghafi in 1380 Hijri (Persian calendar).
Imam Khomeini married to Khadija Saghafi, daughter of Mirza Mohammad Saghafi Tehrani in 1380 Hijri (Persian calendar). Unlike the prevalent costume of having multi wives in the clergies at that time, Imam Khomeini never took another wife and unlike the costume of that time, he helped his spouse in the house affairs.
Fruits of this marriage was the birth of Seyyed Mostafa, first child of them in Azar 1309(Persian calendar), Seyyed Ahmad in 26 Persian date Esfand 1324, and Ladies Seyyedeh Farideh, Seyyedeh Zahra, Seyyedeh Sedighe.
After the Demise of Ayatollah Hayeri Yazdi, Imam Khomeini and some other priests (Islamic man who reach to the degree of discretion) endeavored and the result was that Ayatollah (RA) went to Qom as a feoffee of seminary. In this time, Imam Khomeini was known as one of the expert teachers and priests in Jurisprudence, principles, philosophy, Theosophy and ethics. Mr. Imam Khomeini taught several courses in principles, philosophy, Theosophy and Islamic ethics for a long time in Feyziyeh, A’zam mosque, Mohammadiyeh mosque, Haj Molla-Sadegh School, Salmasi mosque and .etc. he also taught Ahle-Beit knowledge and Jurisprudence in the highest level in Sheikh A’zam Ansari mosque for nearly 14 years. When he was in Najaf, for the first time restated the theoretical foundations of the Islamic government in Lessons range of velayat-e faqih.

Imam Khomeini in the trench fighting and uprising:

His Spirit of fighting and jihad in Allah's way had its root in his belief vision and education, family environment, social and political conditions, he have had in his lifetime. His fighting has started in his adolescence, as he was in his evolution in mental and scientific aspects and on the other side political and social situations and conditions of Iran and Islamic societies, he has maintained his fighting in different types. In 1340 and 1341(Persian calendar), State and provincial associations event made an opportunity for Imam Khomeini to take the lead of clergies and uprising. Therefore, clergy and people nationwide uprising in Iran in 15 Khordad 1342(Persian calendar) with two major feature that was unit leading of Imam Khomeini and having Islamic motivations, chants and uprising goals, was the beginning to the new sessions of nation struggles, later it was known and introduced as a Islamic revolution in the world.
When Imam Khomeini was 12 and he was in his adolescence, he tells his memories of First World War as this: I have memories of both two world wars… I was young but I was going to school and I saw the Russian soldiers in Khomein and we were invaded in the First World War.
After the demise of Ayatollah Hayeri in 10 Persian date Bahman 1315, Qom seminary was faced with the threat of breaking up. Committed clergies came to make solution. Ayatollahs Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat, Seyyed Sadr-e-din Sadr and Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Khansari, took the supervision of Qom seminary for 8 years. In this interval of time and especially after the fall of Reza Khan Situations was prepared for achieving scientific authority. Ayatollah Boroujerdi was the prominent scientific character who could be suitable successor for Ayatollah Hayeri. This proposal was pursued by Ayatollah Hayeri’s disciples as Imam Khomeini. Imam Khomeini himself made the invitation to Ayatollah Boroujerdi for migration to Qom and taking the responsibilities of Qom seminary leadership.
In 1328(Persian calendar) Imam Khomeini in pursuing his valuable objectives, made the plan of reforming basis structure of Qom seminary with collaboration of Ayatollah Morteza Hayeri, and offered this plan to Ayatollah Boroujerdi. This plan was welcomed and supported by Imam’s disciples and perspicacious students.
However Regime had mistaken in its calculations. The bill of State and provincial associations which was going to change the condition of being Muslim, Testifying to Quran and being man for nominators, was approved by cabinet Amir Asadullah Alam. Freedom for women in nomination in elections was the cover for hiding other objectives. Removing and changing the first two conditions was chosen to legalizing Baha'i elements in achieving governmental posts.as it was pointed in the previous, Shah patronage from Zionists regime in development of relations between Iran and Israel was the condition of supporting USA from Iran. Penetration of colonial-spirited followers Baha’is in Legislature, Judiciary and Executive of Iran was making this condition to be achieved. As soon as propagation of the news of approval of that bill, Imam Khomeini with great scholars of Qom and Tehran after consultation made widespread protests.
Imam Khomeini’s role in clarifying real objectives of Shah Regime and warnings of important mission of the clergy and seminaries in that situations, was very effective. Protest telegraphs and open letters from clergy professors to Shah and Asadullah Alam, brought a wave of support from different layers of people. Imam Khomeini’s telegraphs tone to Shah and prime minister was rapid and alarming.
Therefore State and provincial associations event was successful and valuable experiment for Iranian people, especially form this point of view that Iranian people in that process became known with a character that was suitable in every cases for leading Islamic nation. Despite shah’s failure in associations event, United States’ pressure for doing the reformations, continued.
On day Persian date 1341, king of Iran recounted six principles of his reformations and demanded for referendum. Again Imam Khomeini invited priest and Islamic professors for consulting and making solution.
By Imam Khomeini’s recommendation Iranian ancient feast in 1342 Hijri (Persian calendar) in protest to Regime’s actions was boycotted. In Imam Khomeini’s statement it was pointed black revolution to Shah’s interpretation which Shah named it White revolution, and it was manifested the alignment of Shah with United States and Israel objectives. On the other hand, Shah had ensured about Iran’s readiness for doing United States reformations to Washington Authorities and had named the reformations as a white revolution. Disagreement of Islamic leaders was very expensive for him.
Imam Khomeini in the Community, was mentioning Shah as a major factor of crimes and ally with Israel, impetuously and calling people for uprising. Imam Khomeini, in his speech in 12th Farvardin Persian date 1342, strongly criticized the silences of Qom, Najaf and other Islamic Lands against new crimes of Regime and said: today silence means the accompanying with tyranny Regime. Imam in the next day (13th Farvardin Persian date 1342) issued his famous proclamation under the title of “King Friendship means looting”. The secret effect of Imam Khomeini’s message and his speech on the psyche of the audience so that they was about to sacrifice themselves, this secret should be searched in his originality of ideas, sustainability, selfless honesty with people.
New Year of 1342 HIJRI (Persian calendar) was started with boycotting of Norouz feast ceremony and with blood of oppressed people in FEIZIYEH School, became bloody. Shah was insisting on reforms, which he had promise to the American leaders and Imam Khomeini was persisting on informing people about Shah’s treacheries and uprising people against United States Interference. On 14th of Farvardin (Persian date) 1342 Ayatollah Hakim telegraphed from Najaf to Iranian Islamic leaders and priests and demanded the migration of them all in order to preserve their lives.
Mr. Imam Khomeini regardless of these threats corresponded to the telegraph of Ayatollah Hakim and he was emphasized that mass migration of Qom Seminary Scholars and vacancy of the Qom seminary is not expedient.
On 12th Ordibehesht Persian date 1342, Imam Khomeini in a message according to 40 days passing from Feyziyeh calamity, emphasized in accompanying Islamic leaders and professors and Iranian nation with the leaders of Islamic countries and the Arab states in confrontation with Israel and he condemned Shah and Israel pacts.

15th Khordad (Persian calendar) Uprising:

Khordad 1342(Persian calendar) coincided with the holy month of Muharram (mourning). Imam Khomeini fully used from this opportunity to stimulate people to revolt against the tyrannical King.
On the evening of 10th Muharram 1383 (Arabic calendar) equal to 13th Khordad Persian date 1342, Imam Khomeini in Feyziyeh School started his historic speech which was initiation to beginning of 15th Khordad Uprising.
It was in this speech that Imam Khomeini with loud sound pointed to Shah: Mr. I am advising to you, Mr. Shah! Mr. King! I am advising to you give up doing such a tasks, Mr. they are beguiling you. I don’t like one day, if they want you to go away from throne, everybody would thank god for this…If they are giving dictation to you and saying to read it, think about that…. Listen to my advises, …. What is the relation between Shah and Israel that security organization says: don’t speak about Israel….whether Shah is Israeli? The king issued a command to shut down the uprising. Firstly, many of Imam’s companions were arrested on the night of 14th Khordad and at 3 O’clock midnight of 15th Khordad 1342, hundreds of commandos dispatched from the center, surrounded the house of Imam Khomeini and while Imam Khomeini was praying at night, they arrested him and quickly took him to Tehran and imprisoned him in Officers Club Detention and in the evening of that day transferred him to Evin prison. On the morning of 15th Khordad the news of capturing leader of revolution was broadcasted in Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz and other cities and made these cities situations like Qom.
Nearest constant Courtier of Shah, General Hussein Ferdoust in his diaries disclosed about utilizing experiments and expert collaboration of US political and security officials to suppress the uprising and also flurrying of king and court and army commanders and SAVAK in that hours, and he has explained that how king and his Generals were issuing Suppression orders insanely.
After 16 days custody in Evin prison, Imam Khomeini was moved to a prison near the Eshratabad Presidio.
By capturing Imam Khomeini and the brutal murder of people in 15th Khordad 1342(Persian calendar), apparently, uprising was suppressed. In custody Imam Khomeini valiantly rejected to answer the interrogators, and he stated that he knows ruling committee and its judiciary illegal and unqualified.at night in 18th Farvardin Persian date 1343, without prior notice, Imam Khomeini was released from prison and was moved to Qom. As soon as awareness of people, the whole city became full in joy and happiness for some days and grand celebration was held in city and Feyziyeh School. The first anniversary of 15th Khordad uprising in 1343 Hijri (Persian calendar) by issuing a joint statement from Imam Khomeini and other Ayatollahs, and a separate statement of seminaries was honored and that day was introduced as a day of public sorrow.
On 4th ABAN Persian date 1343, Imam Khomeini issued a revolutionary statement and wrote: the world should know that every plight that Iranian nation and other Islamic nations are facing with, is from foreign sides, is from United States, Islamic nations hate from foreign especially United States…. It is United States that supports Israel and its supporters. It is United States that enforces Israel in order to stray Arab Muslims. Disclosure of Imam Khomeini against Capitulation in Aban Persian date 1343, put Iran on the eve of another uprising.
On the other hand, According to documents released after the Islamic Revolution, some people like Mr. Shariatmadari at that time (in Persian date Aban 1343) from his position and influence used and tried to lead their proponents to silence and not support the Imam Khomeini’s Invitation. On the morning of 13th Aban Persian date 1343, dispatched commandos from Tehran surrounded Imam Khomeini’s house in Qom, again. Surprising that at the time of capture, he was praying overnight like the last year he was captured. Mr. Imam was arrested and by accompanying security forces directly dispatched to the Mehrabad airport and by a military airplane that had been prepared in advance, by accompanying security forces and military officials flew to Ankara. In the evening of that day SAVAK (secret police of king) broadcasted the news of banishment of Imam Khomeini because of his actions against country security, in the newspapers. Despite the stifling circumstances, wave of protests in Tehran market, long-term holiday courses in seminaries and sending petitions, letters to international organizations and Islamic leaders, flashed.
The dwelling of Imam in Turkey took long for eleven months. At this time Shah's regime by force, shattered remnants of resistance in Iran and in Imam Khomeini’s absence quickly did the US-friendly reforms. Compulsory staying in Turkey was great time for Imam to start codifying his grand book with title of Means Scribal (Tahrir Al-Vasileh)

Banishment of Imam Khomeini from Turkey to Iraq:

On 13 Mehr Persian date 1343, Imam Khomeini with his son Ayatollah Haj Agha Mustafa were sent to second banishment place. After entering in Iraq, Imam Khomeini went to the cities Kazemein, Samarra, Karbala for visiting shrine of Imams and one week later he went to his main living place in Najaf.
Long time of living about 13 year was started in a conditions that although restrictions and pressures was not like Iran and Turkey, oppositions and sabotages and rebukes, of course not from encountered enemy, but also from Clergies who were not real clergies(they like only this world and not the hereafter) were very annoying. Although Imam Khomeini was so patient, he has pointed to these difficult years of fighting as most bitter days. But none of these difficulties and hardships could stop him from the path he was chosen consciously.
Imam Khomeini started his lessons beyond jurisprudence despite objections and sabotages of malevolent elements in Aban 1344(Persian calendar) in Sheikh Ansari mosque in Najaf, it was continued until his migration to Paris.
His school district was recognized as one of the most outstanding in terms of quality and quantity of students in Najaf seminaries.
From the beginning of Imam Khomeini's arrival in Najaf, he kept his relations with fighters by sending letters to Iran, and on every occasion called them for resistance in pursuit of the uprising of 15th Khordad objectives. Imam Khomeini after exile at all times, despite difficulties arose, never gave up from fighting and with his speeches and hopeful messages kept the hope of win, alive in the hearts.
Imam Khomeini, in an interview with the representative of Palestinian Fatah Organization in 19th Persian date Mehr 1347 described his views about Islam and Palestinian Jihad issues, and in this interview made a Fatwa to the necessity of allocating a portion of zakat funds to the Palestinian Jihadists.
On the beginning of 1348(Persian calendar), disagreements between Shah’s regime and Iraqi Baath Party about Watery borders was intensified. Iraq’s regime deported many of Iranian people in the worst conditions. Baath party tied a lot to make full use of hostility between Imam Khomeini and Iran’s regime.
Four years of teaching and attempt and clarifying of Imam Khomeini could change Najaf seminary’s atmosphere to some extent. In 1348 (Persian calendar) in addition to numerous domestic fighters, there were many contacts in Iraq, Lebanon and other Islamic countries who considered movement of Imam Khomeini as their pattern.

Imam Khomeini and continuing the fight(1350-1356 Persian date):

The second half of 1350, the Iraq conflict and the king took over and led to eviction and displacement of many Iranians in Iraq. Imam Khomeini telegraphed to the president of Iraq and strongly condemned the actions of the regime. In protest to conditions encountered, Imam Khomeini intended to leave Iraq but Baghdad Board by knowing the outcomes of migration of Imam Khomeini in that conditions didn’t allow him to leave.
In 1354(Persian date) in the anniversary of the uprising of 15 Khordad, in the school of Feyziyeh there was uprising of Qom revolutionary Seminary students again. Screaming upon the “death of Pahlavi dynasty”, and “long live Khomeini” lasted for two days. Before this time, religious and political militant leaders were in regime’s prisons and guerrilla organizations were ravaged.
On ESFAND of 1354, Shah continued his anti-religious policies and unabashedly changed official history of the country from origin of Prophet Muhammad migration to the origin of Achaemenian kings reign.in a very hard reaction, Imam Khomeini made a Fatwa to the sanctity of using Achaemenian calendar. Sanction of using from this imaginary historical origin were welcomed by the people of Iran like the sanction of Resurrection Party and both of these events had been abolition of the Shah's regime and finally in 1357, regime was forced to retreat and annulled monarchy calendar.
Escalation of Islamic revolution in 1356 (Persian date) (1978) and uprising of people:
Imam Khomeini that carefully monitored current evolutions of Iran and the world, made full use of the obtained opportunity. In Mordad Persian date 1356, Imam Khomeini announced a message: Now through the internal and external reflection of the regime's crimes in the communities and foreign press, there is an opportunity that Scientific and cultural conventions and patriotic characters and students inside and outside the country and Islamic associations without any hesitation use of this opportunity and rise up straight, anywhere they are.
Martyrdom of Ayatollah Haj MOSTAFA Khomeini in the year 1978 and the glorious funeral that was held in Iran was the beginning of the rising of seminaries and Iranian religious society uprising, again. Imam Khomeini at the same time such wonderfully called the event as occult grace of God. . Shah revenged with an offensive article published against the imam in Itilaat (means=information) newspaper. By objection to this article, led to the 1978 uprising in Qom during which a party of revolutionary students were slaughtered. Despite the king's handling of mass murder, he could not turn off the kindled flame.
He appraised military mobilization and public armed jihad as the only option in handling the United States if US made military coup.

Migration of Imam Khomeini from Iraq to Paris:

The foreign ministers of Iran and Iraq were taken a decision in New York's to expel Imam Khomeini from Iraq. On the MEHR of 1357 in Najaf city, Imam's house was besieged by the forces of the Ba'athist, reflection of this news faced with widespread anger of Muslims in Iran, Iraq and other countries.
On 12 Mehr of 1357, Imam Khomeini left Najaf in order to go Kuwait border. Kuwait's government according to citing of Iran’s regime, prevented entry of Imam Khomeini to the country. There were talks of migration of Imam Khomeini to Lebanon or Syria, but after consulting with his son (Haji Ahmad Khomeini) took the decision to migrate to Paris. He arrived in Paris on Mehr 14.
Two days later, he settled in the one of Iranians house in Nawfal-Chateau (Paris suburb). Elyse Palace officials, delivered attitude of the president of France based on refraining from any political activity, to Imam Khomeini. He also stated that such harsh response that these restrictions are in contrary to alleged democracy and if he is forced to travel airports and countries, he will not take away from his targets.
Imam Khomeini formed Revolutionary Council on DEY of 1357. After organizing monarchy council and receiving a vote of confidence for the Bakhtiar Cabinet on 26 DEY of 1357, Shah's fled from Iran. The news was broadcasted In Tehran and Iran and people began celebrating in the streets.

Returning of Imam Khomeini to Iran after 14 years in exile:

Early in BAHMAN of 1357, news of Imam Khomeini’s decision in returning to Iran was released. Everyone who heard, the tears of joy came down from their eyes. People had been waiting 14 years. . However, people and friends of Imam were concerned about the safety of Imam because the puppet king government was still in power and a curfew was imposed. But Imam Khomeini had made his decision and he said in messages to the Iranian people that he wanted to be beside his people in those decisive and crucial days. Bakhtiar’s government and General Hayzer in coordination with each other closed the country's airports on international flights.
Bakhtiar’s government could not resist after a few days and was forced to accept the will of the people. Imam Khomeini finally on 12th Bahman Persian date1357 after 14 years of exile, entered to the country. Welcoming of Iranian people was so great and undeniable that Western news agencies forced to admit and they estimated greeters, about 4 to 6 million.
The overthrow of the monarchy and the Islamic revolution on 22 Bahman Persian date 1357(which is named as Day of God):
On 19th Bahman Persian date 1357 Air Force personnel at the residence of Imam Khomeini (Alavi Institute of Tehran) made their allegiance with him.
Embassy of the United States and the Soviet and the remnants of the Shah's SAVAK by stimulating the so-called Communist Unions Mojahedin Khalq Organization (MKO) were involved in the persecution against the revolution. Forghan terrorist group assassinated Allama Morteza Motahari who was a prominent thoughtful and member of the Revolutionary Council, on 12th Ordibehesht Persian date 1358 and Ayatollah Ghazi Tabatabayi on 10th Aban Persian date 1358 and Dr. Mohammad Mofatteh on 28th Azar Persian date 1358 and Haji Mehdi Iraqi and his son on 4th Shahrivar Persian date 1358, and they failed in terror and assassination of Mr. Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mousavi Ardebili.
Not less than two months after the revolution that 98.2 percent of voters in a referendum on 12th Farvardin Persian date 1358 in one of the freest elections in history of Iran, voted to the Islamic Republic of Iran, and Subsequent consecutive elections for drafting and approving the constitution and electing of Islamic Parliament members were held.
After the revolution, on 10th Persian date Esfand 1357, Imam Khomeini came from Tehran to Qom and until his heart disease (second of Bahman Persian date 1358) he was in the Qom. Imam Khomeini after 39 days of treatment in Tehran Heart Center, he temporarily dwelled in a residents located in north part of Tehran and then on 27th Ordibehesht Persian date, according to his willingness moved to a humble house owned by one of the Islamic clergies (Seyyed Mehdi Imam Jamarani) into the Jamaran neighborhood and he remained until his death in the that house.
In the first round of presidential elections (on 5th Bahman Persian date 1358) while Imam Khomeini was hospitalized in Tehran Heart Center, Mr. Abu al-Hassan Bani Sadr surpassed his competitors. On the eve of Islamic revolution, he had returned to the country and with his speeches and books he was showing of a religious revolutionary figure and wise economist.
Imam Khomeini in the enforcement decree of the presidency to Mr. Bani Sadr said: I am reminding of a word to Mr. Bani Sadr. This is for everyone: ((Love of the world is on the top of all CRIMES)). His personality and Authoritarian adjectives prevented the implementation of this advice. National unity was endangered by Bani Sadr’s splitting actions.
Finally Imam Khomeini issued a short verdict on 20th KHORDAD of 1360 that was dismissal of the chief commander from Bani Sadr and in the subsequent Islamic Parliament voted for his incompetency.
Since then hypocrites officially did subversive acts and terrorist activities and their leaders and members were hiding in safe houses. Islamic Republic Party Was placed at the head of the terrorist attacks. The party was formed with the efforts of honorable mans like, Mr. Khamenei, Dr. Beheshti, Dr. Bahonar, Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mousavi Ardebili in order to organizing the faithful to Imam Khomeini forces and to oppose the anti-revolutionary political grouplets.
Ayatollah Khamenei, on 6th Tir Persian date 1360, had been injured during his speech because of bomb blast at Abazar mosque in Tehran, mounted by hypocrites. The next day a great catastrophe occurred. 72 persons of the most efficient men of Islamic regime and companions of Imam Khomeini, among them the head of the Supreme Court (Beheshti), several ministers, several of Parliament members, several of judiciary officials, writers and revolutionary forces, at the headquarters of the Islamic Republic party, by the influence strong bomb, placed by hypocrites, were martyred.
In Iranian point of view, Hypocrites are the most hated criminals who are Incomparable in the recent history of crime in Iran. In addition to martyrdom of 72 people from the most popular personalities of the Islamic Republic Party in the explosion of the headquarters and martyrdom of president and prime minister of Iran, other prominent characters of the Iranian people were taken from Iranian people by terrorist acts like the assassination of Ayatollah Sadoughi(on11th Tir 1361 ), the assassination of Ayatollah Dastgheib ,Shiraz Friday prayer leader (on 20th Azar 1360), the assassination of Ayatollah Madani, Tabriz Friday prayer leader (on 20th Shahrivar 1360)), Ayatollah Qodosi together with the General Dastjerd (on 14th Shahrivar 1360) and the assassination of Ayatollah Islam HASHEMI NEJAD (on 7th MEHR), and dozens of other spiritual character that they were all in Iranian hearts and were the actors of Imam Khomeini’s movement.

Imposed war and 8 years of Imam Khomeini’s and the Iranian’s nation defense:

Failure in plans of overthrowing the Islamic Republic regime by using political and economic blockade followed by the United States in the world and Failure in the Tabas Desert military operation after the invasion to the US spy nest (US embassy in Iran), and failure in Kurdistan disintegration, in 1359 Persian date Ruling board pushed the country to experience a full-fledged military solution.
Saddam power-likely spirit and the two countries' border hostilities also creates ideal conditions for the US in order to show the green light for the invasion and occupation of Iran data and issue the command of military operation.
Anyway, on 31th Shahrivar Persian date 1359, Iraq’s army commenced its widespread assault throughout 1280 Kilometers borders with Iran from northern part to Khorramshahr harbor and Abadan in the southern part. Simultaneously at that time, Iraq’s military airplanes bombarded Tehran airport and some other regions on 2 P.M.
As Iran’s army was severely harmed due to revolution occurrences and it was disjointed, it was passing its initial recovery.
Newly established Islamic revolution guardsman army organized by command of Imam Khomeini was in its beginning phase and it didn’t have the sufficient force, equipment and experiments in the initial days of war.
It is very remarkable the Initial responses of Imam Khomeini and initial messages and speeches of him relevant to Iraq army’s assault due to recognition of his personality and type of his command, that it is not the time to restate its features and delicacy of his responses. He immediately commanded to resistance.
It had been welcomed organizing twenty million military (consisted of 20 million of personnel) and public mobilization due to Imam Khomeini’s command in advance, and training and dispatching of recruiters to the fronts had been changed Iran’s atmosphere. Consecutive successes of Islamic warriors of army has indicated the traces of failure in Baath’s front.
Many types of advanced weapons that procuring of them is very difficult even in peace conditions and it needed many years of negotiation and concession, was quickly procured for Saddam.
Exhaust missiles and French military airplanes were some of those weapons procured. Imam Khomeini was leading the sacred defense in a conditions that Islamic republic was weaponry boycotted from United States and Europe so that for providing one part of their airplanes had to spend some months.
Saddam’s fall by Islamic army was announcing failure of many of greatest power of the world against Islamic revolution. Unlike the past, now the focus of Unites States and Security Council was on obstructing Iranian warriors’ advances and obstructing of Saddam’s fall. 598 resolution of Security Council was approved. This resolution had accepted most of Iran’s previous conditions for leaving war that was insisting on them from the beginning of its defense, however International organizations with the hope of Saddam’s victory, had not accepted that.
In the end of assessment, this group with their unanimity, made their opinions about readiness of conditions for proving legitimacy of Islamic republic in 8 years of sacred defense and leaving battle according to scope of 598 resolution.
Imam Khomeini’s message is famous to message of accepting resolution and construe of acceptance of resolution by Imam Khomeini as Cup of poison, has untold realities and has delicate notes that is not the time for stating that, it’s adequate to tell about some parts of Imam Khomeini’s message: I want to speak about accepting of 598 resolution that was indeed a bitter and unpleasant problem for everyone and especially me. I had believed in defense like past in the war, and I had seen the regime, country and revolution’s expedient in performing of that, but according to occurrences and factors that I refrain to say them, and by the hope of God, it will be cleared in the future and in respect to all top level political and military experts opinion that I trust on their commitment, honesty and compassion, I accepted the resolution And pacifier and I believe that as expedient of regime and revolution in this time interval, and God knows if it was not the motivation that all of us and our honor and authenticity would be sacrificed in Islam expedient path, I would never satisfied to do this and death and martyrdom was more pleasant to me.
But what’s the alternative that all of us must accept the god’s satisfaction and certainly the champion and valiant Iranian nation was like this and will be …
The amazement of long time of sacred defense of Iranian nation was that Iranians kept their vivacity for …. And rectifying demolition inherited from last regime, and in the war period, in addition to managing front’s affairs, they also followed great plans of rehabilitation and reconstruction of country, like greatest projects of building dams and roads and plans of advancing in oil detection and exploitation and advancing in energy power plants and sanitation of agriculture affairs and increasing of universities and research centers of country and other relevant affairs to national advancement.
On 4th Ordibehesht 1368, Imam Khomeini in a letter to president (Mr. Ayatollah Khamenei) authorized a group of experts for evaluation and codifying necessary reformations in constituent according to 8 determinate basis. Reformations related to conditions of Islamic leader (position), and also focus was on Judiciary and Executive and TV and Radio organization (IRIB) and the task of Expediency Council. In a referendum that was held on 12th Azar Persian date 1368 (After Imam Khomeini’s death) reformed part of constituent were confirmed by absolute total votes.

Defending from Prophet Mohammad and religious values and last encounter of Imam Khomeini to the west:

Story of writing and broadly publishing the offensive book “evil verses” written by Salman Rushdie and officially supporting of western governments from this book, was the beginning of cultural invasion. With respect to the reasons and above realities, on 25th Bahman 1367, Imam Khomeini issued sentence of Heterodoxy and execution for Salman Rushdie and aware people from profanity of the content who published the book, therefor Imam Khomeini raised another revolution.

Last years of Imam Khomeini’s life and unpleasant events:

Several events happened in those years that made Imam Khomeini upset and annoyed. One of those happening was martyrdom of people who went for pilgrimage to mecca beside the Al-Haram mosque in 1366 Persian calendar.
In internal issues, there were conditions that led to ousting of assistant of Imam Khomeini on 8th Farvardin 1368 was another unpleasant event. In the last letter sent by Imam Khomeini to his assistant and caused to the acceptance of resignation and ousting of him, Imam Khomeini had stipulated that leader from the beginning, he was disagree with selecting of Mr. Montazeri as a future leader of Islamic regime he didn’t see Mr. Montazeri patient enough to accept this perilous burden.

Demise of Imam Khomeini:

On the eve of second half of Khordad month in 1368 (Persian calendar) he was preparing himself for a darling, he had spent all his life for satisfaction of God, and he never bended his stature into any powers except God, and never cried for anyone except God. His mystic poems were stating of a pain of distance and thirst of joiner moment. And now this glorious moment for him, and grievous and unbearable for his followers was arriving. Imam Khomeini has written in his will: with a calm and confident heart and a merry soul, I am leaving this world and traveling to eternal life and I have demanding need of your praying for me and I hope that god will forgive my negligence in service and my delinquency, and I hope that Iranian nation will forgive my delinquency and default, and I want them to proceed with volition, power and decision.
On 22:20 PM of 13th Khordad of 1368, was the joiner moment and he passed away. A heart that stopped working but had revived millions of heats to spirituality and the God.

Calendar of Some of Imam Khomeini’s fighting and banishments:

16th Mehr Persian date 1341

Important session of Imam Khomeini with Qom Islamic leader in relation to State and provincial associations

11th Azar Persian date 1341

Annulment of bogus rule of State and provincial associations by pursuing fighting of Imam Khomeini and issuing a message of finishing to this occurrence

Second Bahman Persian date 1341

Boycotting Illegal and fake referendum of Shah from Mr. Imam Khomeini

Second Farvardin Persian date 1342

Bloody calamity in Feyziyeh School by Shah’s regime elements

15th Khordad Persian date 1342

Nightly capturing Imam Khomeini. Historical uprising of Iranian nation in protest to Imam Khomeini’s capturing

4th Tir Persian date 1342

Moving Mr. Imam Khomeini from castle Presidio to a cell in Eshratabad.

Twenty first FARVARDIN 1343

Historical speech of Imam Khomeini in A’zam mosque in Qom after freedom of detention and custody

4th ABAN 1343

Strict speech of Imam Khomeini due to capitulation plan

13th Aban Persian date 1343

Detention and banishment of Imam Khomeini to Turkey

Twenty first Aban Persian date 1343

Moving of Imam Khomeini from Ankara to Bursa in Turkey

13th Mehr Persian date 1344

Moving of Imam Khomeini from Turkey to Baghdad

16th Mehr Persian date 1344

Imam Khomeini’s movement from Samarra to Karbala after exile to Iraq

Twenty third Mehr Persian date 1344

Imam Khomeini’s entrance and settlement in Najaf after exile to Iraq

Twenty third Aban Persian date 1344

Beginning of teaching Seminary lessons in Najaf after exile to Iraq

12th Ordibehesht Persian date 1356

Imam Khomeini’s message due to a funeral of mourning for martyrs of Qom (40 days passing from martyrdom of Qom martyrs)

Second Mehr Persian date 1356

Besieging Imam Khomeini’s house by Iraq’s Baath forces

10thMehr Persian date 1357

Imam Khomeini’s migration from Iraq to Kuwait

13th Mehr Persian date 1357

Imam Khomeini’s migration from Iraq to France

12th Bahman Persian date 1357

Imam Khomeini’s return to Iran after 15 years exile
Imam Khomeini was born on Twentieth Jumada II 1320 AH (Arabic calendar) equal to 30th Shahrivar 1281 Hijri (Persian calendar) (24 September of 1902) in the city of Khomein which is in the Markazi province, he was born in a family who were inhabitant to science, migration and jihad and in a family from progeny of Holy Zahra (Rohollah Al-Musavi Al-Khomeini).
He was the heir of forefather’s trait who have attempted for leading people and acquiring knowledge of god for the ages. His honorable father, Ayatollah Seyyed Mostafa Musavi was from contemporaries of Ayatollah Mirza Shirazi. After the years of acquiring Islamic science and knowledge in Najaf, he had been promoted to the degree of discretion and after that he came back to Iran, and he was the leader of people in Religious Affairs in Khomein. After passing more than 5 month from Imam Khomeini’s birth, Oppressors and Khans who were under the support of governors, martyred his father by bullet in the path between Khomein to Arak. This was because of his standing to their Coercion.
Therefore, from the childhood he was familiar with the pain of being orphans and was faced with the sound of martyrdom. His childhood and Adolescence was under the patronage of his mother (Lady Hajar), she was from the family of piety and science and she was from grandchildren of Ayatollah Khansari (dexterous in songs). Also he was under patronage of his aunt who was a brave lady, but at the age of 15 he was excluded from these two gift, that they both passed away.

Marriage and family

Imam Khomeini married to Khadija Saghafi, daughter of Mirza Mohammad Saghafi Tehrani in 1380 Hijri (Persian calendar). Unlike the prevalent costume of having multi wives in the clergies at that time, Imam Khomeini never took another wife and unlike the costume of that time, he helped his spouse in the house affairs.
When Imam Khomeini was in the age of 27, Mirza Mohammad Saghafi Tehrani in the time of education became known with Imam Khomeini, and this relationship was the intermediate of the marriage of Imam Khomeini to Lady Saghafi in 1380 Hijri (Persian calendar).
Fruits of this marriage was the birth of Seyyed Mostafa, first child of them in Azar 1309(Persian calendar), Seyyed Ahmad in 26 Persian date Esfand 1324, and Ladies Seyyedeh Farideh, Seyyedeh Zahra, Seyyedeh Sedighe.
Now, 15 grandchildren from Imam Khomeini’s children has been generated.
First period (from 1281 to 1300, Persian calendar)
Childhood and adolescence of Rohollah (Imam Khomeini) coincidentally was spared with political and social crises. He was familiar with pain and difficulties of people and society, by drawing lines in his painting he showed his feelings, events and occurrences he passed with his family and relatives has made him a real zealous. Some of moving events in this period like bombarding of Parliament has been reflected in his paintings and in his calligraphy homework, and they are available now. An example of them, is a poem in his adolescence notebook (when he was 9-10), with the title of :<< where is Iranian zeal, where is Iranian movement>> toward Iranian nation:
Hey Iranians, Iran is in disaster
Darius realm is manipulated by bogeys
It could be mentioned as his first political statements in his adolescence, and could be understood his mental involvement and worry toward realm (country) issues. His tendency toward champions and warriors was to the extent that in a Jungle movement by speech and poetry in description of Mirza (leader of Jungle movement) accumulated people’s aid for supporting Jungle movement and finally he decided himself to join Jungle movement. And in an occasion traveled to Jungle and saw Mirza’s Base.

Rohollah’s education

Rohollah with his remarkable talent, quickly passed different majors of science. In addition to jurisprudence and principles and philosophy, he passed Theosophy in the top level with prominent teachers of that time in Khomein, Arak and Qom, and in 6 years he had remarkable advances and also passed Asfar (a philosophy book, written by Sadr-e-din Shirazi, and this book is the most important of Shia Muslim in philosophy) and he was one of the prominent characters of Qom seminary.

Imam Khomeini’s first official lecture

During Rohollah was educating in Arak, while he was 19, he quoted his first lecture in respect ceremony of Ayatollah Tabatabayi (major character of Constitutionalist) and was appraised by the audience. This lecture was actually a political statement that was quoting in regard to services of Constitution leader from side of Arak seminary by a young student.
It is quoted from Rohollah <<…I was offered to stand in pulpit and speech, I welcomed it and I slept short that night, not for the afraid of dealing with people, but I was thinking that tomorrow I should sit on the pulpit that’s belongs to Mohammad Prophet. I asked God to help me from the first to the last pulpit that I would go, and I would never speak a sentence I do not believe it, and this was the desire that I made covenant with God, my first pulpit took long, but it did not bother anyone ... and some say well done, When I referred to my heart. I was pleased with people’s praising, therefore I reject the second, third and fourth invitation, and I did not go to any pulpit for Four years. >>
Second period of Rohollah’s life (from 1300 to 1320, Persian calendar)
This period of his life has begun from migration to Qom, the antireligious policies of the Reza Khan, and continued until 1320, in this period Rohollah is busy with studying, teaching and writing books and familiarity with prominent scholars such as Haji Nur Esfahani and Haji Modarres, and some other characters. In this era of Reza khan’s repression, aim of Qom seminary scholars was protecting of Qom seminary. Its importance at the time was not less than establishment of Islamic regime in 1357(Persian calendar).
Third period (from 1320 to 1340, Persian calendar)
The period of Imam's life begins as he was 40 years old, and has coincided with two major events, the outbreak of World War II and the occupation of Iran, exiting of Reza Shah from Iran and the beginning of the reign of Mohammad Reza. According to his belief it was an opportunity for corrective uprising, in that time. With all the efforts and actions of Rohollah, uprising didn’t took place. In this period Imam is a qualified comprehensive erudite, a smart leader, backed by years of experience, knowledge and insight during 20 years of Reza khan’s reign, who has complete understanding of the situation in Iran and the world, Therefore, by issuing a statement on 11 J. Thaani 1363 AH (Arabic calendar) equal to 1323(Persian calendar) he reminded the right time for uprising:
<< Today is the day when the spiritual breeze blows and it’s the best day for corrective uprising. If you miss this opportunity and not rise for God’s way, and not hold religious ceremony, tomorrow a sordid hand of lust will overcome you, and will betray to all your customs and honor.>>
4th period of Imam’s life (from 1340 to 1368, Persian calendar)
This period began with coincidence of two disasterous event, first the traumatic demise of Ayatollah Boroujerdi (on 10th Farvardin Persian date 1340) which was a lesion of the Islamic world and at the same time removing the barriers to the enemies of Islam and Iran. Second, demise of Ayatollah Kashani, a hero fighter with British colonialism, once his name was very frightening for the enemies of Iran and Islam. Simultaneously with American dominance on the country, at the same time the US has increased its pressure on the regime to implement reforms in terms of land reforms and bill of state and provincial associations with an appearance to deceive people. But in the reality was an ominous union that could provide the dominance of the US and Israel and their agents on all aspects of the country. At the time of Imam strongly stood against the American reforms, and in retaliation, on second of Farvardin Persian date 1342 coincided with the martyrdom of Imam Jafar Sadiq, Shah raided to Feyziyeh School. Number of people martyred and wounded in the incident. Imam in a message relevant to the forty days passing from Feyziyeh disaster, made a disclosure: << "I am determined to resist and put the corrupt system into its place. >> Imam delivered his historic speech on 13th Khordad Persian date 1342 in Feyziyeh School and Shah commanded to shut off Imam’s speech. On the evening of 14th Khordad Imam arrested and transferred to Evin Prison. The morning of 15th Khordad Persian date, the new of capturing Imam broadcasted to Tehran and other cities and people went in the streets with the slogan “Death or Khomeini " move to the king's palace, and the revolt was strongly suppressed with blood. Uprising of (15th Khordad Persian date1342), allegedly with the exiling leader of the revolution to Turkey and Iraq was abated from its movement. Mysterious event martyrdom of Imam's son Mostafa in 1356 Persian calendar blew new life into the movement. On 17th Dey Persian date 1356 an insulting article published to the Imam and the clergies and sparked violent protests of religious communities and it led for uprisings on 19th Dey Persian date 1356. Funeral of 40 days passing from Qom martyrs of 19th Dey, was continued as a message in Isfahan and Yazd and Shiraz Tabriz and other cities and led to 17th Shahrivar 1357 tragedy, also it promised Shah’s fleeing and entrance of Imam to country, in the near future. Following the unprecedented public welcoming in the cemetery (in Tehran), people heard historical speeches of Imam and accepted his fateful sentence on the revocation of the curfew on twenty first Bahman Persian date 1357 with their heart, and In preventing attacks by regime forces, they made barricades in sensitive areas and within 24 hours of unrelenting fighting, and thwarted any plans of coup and divested any chance from them. And finally sound of victory of the 15th Khordad uprising was heard in the evening Twenty second of Bahman Persian date 1357.
From the morning of Twenty second of Bahman Persian date 1357 to 13th Khordad Persian date 1368(Imam’s demise) many disastrous events occurred with inimical role of United States and comprehensive supporting of western governments and by the help of grouplets and several parties of the left and right, against Islamic revolution. These events were so extensive that does not fit in this brief, In a nutshell, we can say any of that event alone could divert the course of the revolution and brought the revolution to failure, but divine grace and intelligence of Imam Khomeini, loyalty and awareness of the Iranian nation, thwarted all plots so that in 1368(Persian calendar), while Iranian nation bided farewell of the body of the Holy Imam after 11 years of hardships and difficulties, The population was several times greater than arrival of Imam Khomeini. Love and stability of people were deeper and their intention for following the Imam’s and the Revolution path, were more serious, and despite all plots and incidents, their system (regime) was more stable than any other time. God bless him and hope to be many followers of his path.
Imam Khomeini had said, goals and aspirations, and everything should be notified and in practice, he had used all his properties and all what he had, to achieve these objectives. Now On the eve of second half of Khordad month in 1368 (Persian calendar) he was preparing himself for a darling, he had spent all his life for satisfaction of God, and he never bended his stature into any powers except God, and never cried for anyone except God. His mystic poems were stating of a pain of distance and thirst of joiner moment. And now this glorious moment for him, and grievous and unbearable for his followers was arriving. Imam Khomeini has written in his will: with a calm and confident heart and a merry soul, I am leaving this world and traveling to eternal life and I have demanding need of your praying for me and I hope that god will forgive my negligence in service and my delinquency, and I hope that Iranian nation will forgive my delinquency and default, and I want them to proceed with volition, power and decision.
On 22:20 PM of 13th Khordad of 1368, was the joiner moment and he passed away. A heart that stopped working but had revived millions of heats to spirituality and the God.