The casting of an evil eye and soul

Introduction:

Among doubts related to the relationship of Quran with the culture of darkness era, some topics such as Jinn, spelling, the casting of an evil eye, soul, Satan, Satan, the description of the heaven and hour Al-Ayn are highly paid attention because some scientists believe that these topics in Quran are related to the common beliefs and superstitions among the Arabic people of darkness era. In some cases, the source of the doubt is that the verses of Quran are related to these topics wrongly.
Doubts related to spelling, the casting of an evil eye and soul in Quran:

Some matters expressed in these topics include:

1. The casting of an evil eye: Quran talks about the casting of evil eye implicitly twice or once (Yusef Surah/ verse 67-68) and once explicitly.
«وَإِن يَكَادُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَيُزْلِقُونَكَ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا الذِّكْرَ وَيَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُ لَمَجْنُونٌ» ( Ghalam Surah/ verse 51)
Some interpreters such as Moibedi, Abu Al-Fotuh Razi and Ghortebi write that this verse refers to the casting of an evil eye and it was common among Arabic Tribes especially Bani Asad Tribe.
It has been expressed in the encyclopedia of the religion '' belief in the ominous effect of the casting of an evil eye is universal''.
If it is proved certainly today or tomorrow that the casting of an evil eye is imaginary and illusive from the aspect of science, some antagonists and claimants may say '' this is considered as one of other cases of the disagreement of Quran with science.
2. Spell: Quran has referred it several times, once briefly (Baqarah Surah/ verse 102) and once explicitly.
«قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ»( Falaq Surah/ verses1-4)
If science proves today or tomorrow that spelling is illusive in a certain, logical and experimental way, the claimants will say '' this is considered as one of other cases of the disagreement of Quran with science''.
Hence, it is better to say about some cases such as Jinn, the casting of an evil eye and spell that God like current creators does not reach against the reality of the harm of the darkness of night, the jealousy of jealous persons, the casting of evil eyes of women, the permanent reality of the Ptolemaic committee and the medicine of jalinusi, but since God considered them cultural existence (in darkness era), he behaves and reacts according the their culture; therefore, their situation is not considered as a fault and an abolished affair.
3. Soul: one of writers has written about soul in this way '' in Arabic Language, with regarding the dry geography of Al-Arab Island, the word ''Ruh"( soul) comes from'' Rabah'' ( wind and breeze) and it is considered as an appropriate symbol of a superior gem than the creatures of the world in the life…''.
Mentioning the following verse, he writes
«وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِي»( Hajar Surah/ verse 29)
'' Hence, it may be concluded that soul is not a separate and distinct creature from the body of human, but it has been expressed as a comparison, an exemplification and an irony''.

Answering doubts

In this case, apart from general answers expressed in previous sessions, several points should be paid attention:
1. Quran has selected some cultures of Arabic people and has accepted cultures that are appropriate and based on realities and true remarks. Therefore, it has referred to Jinn, spelling, the casting of an evil eye and soul. However, this does not mean the acceptance of the culture of darkness era, but it confirms appropriate matters that entered the culture of people through previous prophets or some persons have discovered them with personal experiences and rational reasons.
2. There are firm rational reasons in order to prove soul. Regarding the root of a word, we cannot deny its idiomatic meaning. Moreover, Jinn, spelling, soul and the casting of an evil eye have been proved with a lot of experimental documents. These documents are analyzed in the sciences of parapsychology and sometimes, these realities are shown to people through hypnotism and the purification of soul.
Can we deny the realities of Quran because it is far from mind that sciences confirm the matters today or it may prove from the aspect of the science in next time that the casting of an evil eye and Jinn are illusive and the word '' soul '' comes from the root of the word '' Rabah'' whereas some of them have been expressed clearly in Quran several times''.
The acceptance of certain science is good and basically, the interpretations of the verses of Quran include scientific and rational reasons. However, ignoring and scaring science is not pleasant. In other words, a person interprets the matters of Quran without expressing any rational and scientific reasons because the matters of Quran may be rejected by science and he or she says '' it is better to say that Jinn, the casting of an evil eye and spelling are same harm of the darkness of night and the jealousy of jealous persons and the casting of evil eyes of women''.
These kinds of matters are not appropriate and decent for the scientific rank of the non-Muslims scientists let alone Muslims that believe in unknown world.
1. Spell:

What's spell?

a. Spell has several meanings.
b. The expression meaning of spell is '' it is a kind of wonderful actions that leave effects in the inner of human. Sometimes, it is a kind of sleight of hand and jugglery and it has illusive and mental aspects''.
Allame Tabatabaei defines spell in this way
'' As a usual custom, spell is a wonderful affair that is implemented through the seizure of the perceptions of human. Apart from the perceptions of human, it will not have soul and soul implementation such as the different kinds of sleights, the capture of persons, the creation of friendship, animosity, separation between a wife and a husband and the
marriage contracts of men are related to the capture of perception
After Ibrahim Kamal Adham says that the definition of spell is difficult because it is addressed to a lot of sciences and techniques, he defines spell in this way
'' Spell is a science that a magician does so that he shows false affairs as true affairs and does this affair through different tricks''.
From expression and lexical meanings of the word of spell, it can be understood that there are several basic elements in spell:
1. It is an unnatural and wonderful action.
2. Spelling leaves some effects.
3. Magicians use tricks, hiding things, the dominance of imagination and evils.
With regarding the lexical and expression meanings of spell, it can be said that spell has an extended and flowing meaning and it may have specific instances in each time and some of its instances are forgotten and it gains new instances. This point will be clarified after the kinds of spell are expressed.

Spell from the point of view of new sciences:

The author of the book '' exemplary interpretation'' writes '' today there are a sequence of sciences that magicians implemented their plans with in the past.
1. It has been expressed about using the unknown physical and chemical features of things in the story of the magicians of the time of Hazrat Musa (peace be upon him) that they could make things like snakes with the physical and chemical features of mercury and its combinations and move them.
For example, in the science of chemistry, we know substances whose weight is lighter than air and if they are put into substances, those substances may move.
Today there are shows in circuses that are like the spell of last magician.
2. Using magnetic sleep, hypnotism, monasticism and telepathy (the transition of thoughts from far places)
Of course, these are considered as positive sciences that can be used in most of matters of the life in an appropriate way, but magicians misuse them and apply them in order to deviate and cheat them.
Dr. Ibrahim Kamal Adham writes about the wonderful actions and the kinds of spell along with a lot of examples and pictures.
'' One of sciences of psychology is the science of soul and it is a branch of parapsychology. It includes wonderful things that seem impossible to interpret them or are beyond the mind of human. This scientific branch knows natural means as much as possible and analyses them such as:
1.clairvoyance
2.Clair Audience
3. Psychokineses
4. Teleportation
5. Psychic healing
6. Levitation
7. Telepathy
8. psychometry
9. Magnetic sleep
Of course, these are considered as difficult sciences and at the present time, a specialized center has been opened in order to search and teach about them.
25 centers in America, 10 centers in India, 5 centers in Holland and centers in Vatican have been established in order to take care of these affairs.

Spell from the point of view of Quran:

Quran has used the word '' spell'' and its derived words 60 times.

These words can be classified in three groups:

a. Some verses express that the opponents insulted that the prophets used spell and called them magicians and when they saw the signs of God, they said they were only spell and most of the above verses were about this case such as Yunes Surah/ verse 76; Hud Surah/ verse 7; Tah Surah/ verse 71; Shoara Surah/ verse 49; Naml Surah/ verse 13; Ghesas Surah/ verse 36; Saba Surah/ verse 43; Safaat Surah/ verse 15; Zokhrof Surah/ verse 30; Ghamar Surah/ verse 2; Saf Surah/ verse 6; Madsar Surah / verse 24
b. Some verses express about the confrontation of Hazrat Musa with the magicians of his time. Quran has expressed this story in a detailed way.
When Hazrat Musa went to Freon with his two miracles, stick and Yad Bayze, they said'' he is an adroit magician and wants to discharge your land and the heads of the tribe recommended Freon to summon magicians from different cities''.
Then Freon promised that he would reward then if they defeated Hazrat Musa.
In a due time, magicians faced to Hazrat Musa and said '' O' Musa! Do you start at first or we put our magic things on the floor?''
He said '' you put them there at first''.
When they put them, they spelled the views of people, scared them and caused a great spell.
Then God ordered Hazrat Musa to throw his stick.
When Hazrat Musa threw his stick, it swallowed whatever had been made in a faked way. Afterwards, reality revealed and their magic tricks abolished and they were failed and humbled.

Analysis and conclusion:

With regarding the lexical and expression meanings of spell and its types, the third point of view seems appropriate and it is in line with the appearance of verses.
Hence, we can conclude that the types of spell are illusive and it provokes the wonderful feelings of audience such as magic.
The magicians prostrated and said '' we have believed in the God of the world, the God of Hazrat Musa and Hazrat Harun'' and the previous magicians that had just believed in God stood against the threats of Freon.
In these verses, this interpretation has been used '' they spelled the views of people''.
سَحَرُوا أَعْيُنَ النَّاسِ
Another interpretation was '' their strings and sticks seemed as if they were moving due to their magic from his point of view ''.
فَإِذَا حِبَالُهُمْ وَعِصِيُّهُمْ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ مِن سِحْرِهِمْ أَنَّها تَسْعَى
It can be understood from these interpretations that they did magic actions through dominating on the eyes and the imaginations of other persons.
Some interpreters guessed that magicians had used chemical materials in their strings and sticks such mercury and other things like these and they moved by the sun shine or warm things under them and viewers imagined as if they were alive.
c. Verses that express matters about the spell of two angels, Harut and Marut, in Babol City .

God states in Baqarah Surah

'' Devils followed whatever they had learned about the dynasty of Hazrat Soleiman and Hazrat Soleiman never became a polytheistic, but the devils became polytheists and expressed that he taught others magic and followed whatever had been descended to these two angels, Harut and Barut, in Babol. These two angels taught no one spell and if so, they already said to him or her '' we are here to examine you; therefore, do not become unbelievers.
They learned from two angels that they did not separate relationship between a wife and a husband although they could not harm anyone by it without the order of God. In conclusion, they learned things that were harmful for them and had no benefits for them. Definitely, Jewish People had understood that whoever bought this merchandise will have no benefits in the doomsday. Although they knew this fact, they wished it with their whole being.
Interpreters have expressed the rank of the descending of the above verse
'' In Babol, spell and magic became highly common and made its people sad. Then God had two angels as his guardians so that they taught them the factors of spell and the way of abolishing them in order that they could get rid of magicians.
However, the people misused these trains because angles had to explain spells in order to teach them the way of abolishing the spells of the magicians so that the people could prevent from these spells.
This matter caused that some persons became magicians after they learned spells and created new troubles for persons.
Although these two angels had warned people that that was an examination of God for them and even they said '' misusing these trains is a kind of blasphemy, but they did activities that harmed people''.
In this verse, some interpretations have been used such as the separation of a wife and a husband due to spell and the harms of spell
فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ
وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلاَ يَنْفَعُهُمْ
These interpretations specify the effects of spell.
Some interpreters have said that it can be understood from this verse that some
kinds of spells leave their effects.
d. God states in Falaq Surah (verse 4)
وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ

There are several guesses about the interpretation of this verse:

1. The purpose of the verse is that some female magicians blow in ties and spell.
2. The purpose of the verse is alluring women that penetrate the wills of persons and prevent them from achieving positive purposes.
3. The purpose of the word '' nefaat'' is a malicious groups or seductive groups that weaken the ties of decisions with their preaching.
The author of the book '' exemplary interpretation'' considers it far from mind that this verse includes all of these three interpretations and writes
'' Of course, we should pay attention that ignoring the rank of the previous descending, there are no signs in the verse that represents the spell of magicians and he rejects the rank of descending.
What is the reality of spell?

In this part, several points of views can be presented:

a. It can be understood from these remarks that spell is an imaginary affair that has no real implementation. According to this interpretation, spell is a superstitious affair and this is considered as the point of view of Sheikh Tusi, Abu Jafar Astar Abadi and others.
This is a matter that can be understood from some verses of Quran. For example, Quran states about the struggle of the magicians with Hazrat Musa
قَالَ أَلْقُوا فَلَمّا أَلْقَوْا سَحَرُوا أَعْيُنَ النَّاسِ وَاسْتَرْهَبُوهُمْ( Araaf Surah/ verse 116)
قَالَ بَلْ أَلْقُوا فَإِذَا حِبَالُهُمْ وَعِصِيُّهُمْ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيْهِ مِن سِحْرِهِمْ أَنَّها تَسْعَى Taah Suarh/ verse 66
b. It can be understood from some remarks that spell is a real affair that leaves some effects and it may cause even death or disease and sometimes, it may cause a separation between a wife and a husband.
This is a matter that can be understood from verses. In other words, spell includes real and specific effects on the life of human and can cause separation between a wife and a husband and according to the will of God, it can harm others.
مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ
وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلاَ يَنْفَعُهُمْ( Baqarah Surah/ verse 103)
Some dignitaries have related this point of view to Ardebili, Shafei, the companions of Abu Hanife and …
c. The third point of view is that spell has mental consequences such as the establishment of affection or animosity, dissatisfaction or happiness, but it cannot have external real effects such as revitalizing the dead or the change of the nature or the reality of something.
Spell is related to angels, Harun and Marun, in Baqarah Suarh in verse 102 because there was optimism in the society of Caledonian; people made optimism between a wife and husband through provoking feelings and backbiting and two angels were ordered to teach the way of fighting with this social bad mood and when they wanted to teach people the way of fighting with gentle and hidden affairs( spell), they had to reveal the secrets of spell, gentle affairs and conspiracies applied for discord among persons. Ill-natured persons used spell instead of learning the way of fighting with spell. In other words, they used the negative aspect of the trains of angels and selected whatever was harmful for them.
فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ
وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلاَ يَنْفَعُهُمْ
Of course, there are some affairs such as backbiting, gossiping and the temptation of metal effects in the inner of persons and harm them such as separation between a wife and a husband.
The following verse refers to women that cause animosity and break friendly relationships among persons through gossiping and telling lies. This is considered a kind of comparison.
Hence, if the purpose of this verse is female magicians, their spell has been this kind and some persons have said that the purpose of the verse is women that weakening the will of men through their alluring.

Analysis and conclusion:

With regarding the lexical and expression meaning of spell and its types, the third point of view seems appropriate and is in line with the appearance of verses.
However, the first point of view and the third point of view can be combined.
Hence, it can be concluded that some kinds of spells are imaginary and surprise viewers such as sleight.
Some of its kinds have mental effects like the establishment of affection and animosity through hidden affairs such as alluring and gossiping.
But spell has external and real effects such as the change of the nature and the reality of things.
11. The casting of an evil eye:
The casting of an evil eye from the point of view of the Islam:

Introduction:

The effect of eye and its mysterious forces have been highly paid attention since many years ago. Maybe, we cannot find an exact date for the start of these dates, but what is clear is that some persons have believed in these matters through daily experiences and historical and religious narrations although there are superstitions that need piloting.
The definition of the casting of an evil eye:
The casting of an evil eye is a mysterious force that is seen in the eye of some persons and it may make the opposite side diseased or perished.
In this writing, we will analyze this matter from several aspects:
a. The casting of an evil eye from the point of view of Quran:
وَإِن يَكَادُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَيُزْلِقُونَكَ بِأَبْصَارِهِمْ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا الذِّكْرَ وَيَقُولُونَ إِنَّهُ لَمَجْنُونٌ ( Ghalam Surah/ verse 51)
Point: The word '' Liz Leghunak'' is from the root '' Zelgh'' and it means sliding and falling on the earth and ironically, it means perish. Interpreters have written about the rank of the descending of this verse:
''Some narrate that this verse is about the remarks of some opponents of the guardianship of Imam Ali on the day of Khadir Khom. They looked at the prophet and said as the prophet held up the hand of Imam Ali for Imamate '' look at his eyes that are turning like the eyes of mad persons. Then Gabriel came and the above verse descended.
Some interpreters have narrated that in Bani Asad Tribe, there were some persons that casted an evil eye and some of them wanted to cast an evil eye and the above verse was descended due to this event .

The point of views of interpreters:

There are three interpretations about the above verse:

First, the purpose is that when enemies hear the great verses of Quran from you, they get as angry and sad as and look at you with animosity as if they want to make you fall down. In other words, they want to eradicate you through the casting of an evil eye.
Second, this verse represents very angry looks ironically as we say that such and such a person kooks at me as badly as if he or she wants to kill and to eat me with his or her eyes.
Third, Quran wants to show a strange contrast among the remarks of the enemies of the Islam '' when they hear the verses of Quran, they are attracted as much as they are surprised and want to cast an evil eye toward you because the casting of an evil eye is about affairs that are very wonderful. They said '' you are mad and this is really wonderful. The remarks of a mad person cannot be compared to these wonderful and attractive verses at all, but these idiots do not know and what abuse words and insults they express toward you.

Analysis

With regarding the tone of the verse '' unbelievers may move you with their eyes'', it can be concluded that the second interpretation is more appropriate. This verse expresses a kind of angry and dirty looks in order to scare the opposite side, to make him shiver and leave the battlefield.

This interpretation has several documents and witnesses:

1. The heads of the Ghoreish Tribe looked dagger at the prophet and wanted to scare him because in their point of view, he was an orphan that was not allowed to insult their idols.
2. The unbelievers hated the prophet and looked at him with angry looks.
However, the casting of an evil eye happens when a person is surprised of the greatness of something and casts an evil eye toward it.
3. The narration that narrates the rank of the descending of the casting of an evil eye about verse 51/ Ghalam Surah is weak and is expressed in the books '' the interpretations of Al-Bayan and Safi'' with the word '' Ghil''.
Hence, we can conclude that the above verse is not related to the casting of an evil eye.
This interpretation is in line with the opinion of some interpreters.
وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ( Falaq Surah/ verse 5)
It is imagined that the last verse of Falaq Surah refers to the casting of evil eye of jealous persons because the casting of an evil eye is a kind of soul jealousy that is happened when a jealous person is surprised.
It should be said about the explanation of this verse that jealousy is a mental mood that is sometimes hidden and does not harm the opposite side, but sometimes it is appeared in actions and behaviors. In other words, a jealous person does actions that represent his or her jealousy and harm others.
This verse represents the second kind of jealousy. In other words, we resort to God from the troubles of jealous persons that show their jealousy in their actions.
Hence, this verse does not relate to the casting of evil eye of jealous persons.
3. a. One of other verses that has referred to the casting of an evil eye is the following verse
وَقَالَ يَا بَنِيَّ لاَ تَدْخُلُوا مِن بَابٍ وَاحدٍ وَادْخُلُوا مِنْ أَبْوَابٍ مُّتَفَرِّقَةٍ وَمَا أُغْنِي عَنكُم مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْ‏ءٍ إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَعَلَيهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُتَوَكِّلُونَ * وَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُمْ أَبُوهُم مَّا كَانَ يُغْنِي عَنْهُم مِنَ اللَّهِ مِن شَيْ‏ءٍ إِلَّا حَاجَةً فِي نَفْسِ يَعْقُوبَ قَضَاهَا وَإِنَّهُ لَذُو عِلْمٍ لِمَا عَلَّمْنَاهُ وَلكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَعْلَمُونَ( Yusef Surah/ verses 8-67)
Some persons have said that this verse is about the casting of an evil eye that Hazrat Yaghub scared; therefore, he ordered his twelve children not to enter Egypt through a gate but different gates so that other persons did not surprise and did not cast evil eyes to them seeing their high number.

Analysis

Analyzing the verses before and after these two verses, we can understand that these two verses do not express any matters about the casting of an evil eye because the brothers of Yusef had travelled Egypt and they went hunting and the desert together. But Hazrat Yaghub had had never ordered them. Was there the casting of an evil eye in this journey?
Its main reason was that after the first journey and according to the order of the ruler of Egypt, the brothers of Yusef wanted to take their brother, Benyamin, and Hazrat Yaghub ( with the awareness or the science of God), had understood that the new rule of Egypt was Hazrat Yusef and he wanted to arrange the ground of private visit of Yusef and Benyamin so that they could talk together in a quiet place because if they his brothers entered through a gate, Hazrat Yusef did not introduce himself and if they entered there dispersedly, Hazrat Yusef might know Benyamin and introduce himself.
Hence, at the rest of the verse, it is referred to the inner need of Hazrat Yaghub.
In the next verse of Yusef Surah, it is referred that Hazrat Yusef recognized Binyamin as soon as he saw him and then Hazrat Yusef introduced himself. Some old interpreters have mentioned such an interpretation.
Therefore, it is concluded that this verse is not related to the casting of an evil eye.
b. The casting of an evil eye from the point of view of narrations:
We read in Nahj Al-Balaghe
«العين حق والرقي حق»
'' The casting of an evil eye is true and praying is an appropriate way to remove them''.
It has been narrated from Imam Sadeq (peace be upon him) that to prevent from the casting of an evil eye or being casted by evil eye, you should say three times.
«ماشاء الله لا قوة الاّ بالله العلي العظيم
It has been said in other narrations that you remember God with words
c. The casting of an evil eye from the point of views of wisdom and science:
It is rationally accepted that the deep casting of evil eye makes them diseased and perished. Today most of scientists believe that some specific magnetic forces are hidden in some eyes that have a lot of positive effects and we can foster them even with practice and rehearse.
Magnetic sleep is through the magnetic force of eyes.
Since there is the ray of laser that is unseen beam and is more destructive than any weapons, it is not strange to accept the existence of some forces in some eyes that influence the opposite side through special waves.
Most of narrators have narrated that they have seen persons that have this mysterious force of eye and they have made persons, animals and things perished through the casting of evil eye.
Hence, these affaires are possible from the aspects of science and wisdom.

Conclusion:

It has been expressed nothing about the casting of an evil eye, but this mysterious force of eye has been referred in narrations and we can accept the casting of evil eyes from rational and scientific aspects.
But we should pay attention that these matters do not express that we should accept common superstitions in this area.
Persons cannot accuse others of the casting of an evil eye and on the other hand, to get rid of the casting of evil eye, we should not accept any superstitious solutions.