Order, social discipline and time management

Abstract

The system of existence, divine rules and religious rules have been organized according to wonderful order. In religious trains, this principle has been emphasized and it is at the center of moral values. Whatever is expressed in this writing is a collection of verses and narrations that are related to this topic.
This system includes individual, social, economic, political and cultural areas. But in this writing, special approach has been devoted to this topic in social area from the point of view of religious trains.
Considering the system of the world, we can understand that the world is a great system that is ruled by God and there are no disorganization and disorder in relation to it. There are formations that human need them in order to pass the path of perfection. Hence, what can organize different and contrast desires and lead them in the favor of the society is the existence of order that manage them. Respecting boundaries and loyalty toward them are the need of human for a life without stress.
In this writing, after the expression of the definition of order and the position of order, three principles '' purpose'', '' planning'' and '' management'' are expressed as the elements of order.
The areas of order as the second chapter discuss about personal and social order. In personal order, the order of environment, behavior and relationship is discussed and family, organization and society are discussed under the topic '' social order''.
The ways of the establishment of order are discussed in the third chapter of this writing with the following topics such as piety, motivation, fairness, making patterns, planning, the improvement of supervision systems, confrontation with persons that breach rules, encouragement and paying attention to the needs of the life.
The positive and negative effects of disorder are discussed in the next two chapters and negative effects include these cases: environmental, mental, emotional, social, training, cultural and individual factors.
The consequences of lack of order and the ways of the avoidance of disorder are discussed in the last two chapters.

Order and discipline

The system of the world, divine rules and religious rules have been organized according to wonderful order. In religious trains, this principle has been emphasized and it is at the center of moral values. Whatever is expressed in this writing is a collection of verses and narrations that are related to this topic.
This system includes individual, social, economic, political and cultural areas. But in this writing, since special approach has been applied about to the culture of socializing, we will analyze topic in social area from the point of view religious trains.

Definition

Order means arrangement, embellishment, organization and affinity. Arranging any affairs and remarks is called '' order''. If a person is not permanent in his or her affairs, his or her affairs will have no order. Discipline means being organized and having order. Hence, we can say that discipline comes from order.
Social order is hidden in most of religious values and ordering to them is like ordering to system. Hence, we can follow the rate of social order in the aspects of values such as fairness, faithfulness to treaty, group prayer and …

Position

We should look at the rules of the world in order to understand the position and the necessity of order and formations in leading social great purposes.
Looking at the world, we can understand that the universes is the great system of formations that is dominated by God and there are no disorder and disorganization in the universe. They are formations that human needs in order to pass the path of perfection. Quran states
''اَلّا تَطغَوا فِی المِیزانِ''
'' Do not go beyond limitations and do not deviate the path of fairness''.
The rate of order in the world is as much as it is the most important reason of the recognition of God that talkers have relied on and God is also called '' the organizer of affairs''.
To explain the position and importance of order, we can refer to the remarks of Amir Al-Momenin at the ending days of his life that he described order and introduced it as Islamic Superior values and considered it in an equal level with divine piety. This recommendation of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is in line with the order of God for the establishment of fairness and its observation in social relationships and the prevention of the establishment of corruption. Piety and order are both the necessity of the life of human. Piety spoils the corruptions of disorder, but having a one-way look toward the religion and separating order and formations from the religion can disintegrate the pillars of faith in God and spirituality and create a corrupted environment.
Quran has paid attention to the importance of order preservation and lack of problem in the matters and needs of the society and it has been referred in corruption in paying attention to fairness and preventing from corruption in the society and Quran states about God '' God does not like corruption on the earth''. In other verses, Quran has prevented all of people from tending a duty such as Jihad and leaving other affairs and duties such as the acquisition of the knowledge of the religion.
Faithfulness, acting rules and order are the ways of avoiding stress and confrontations of human. A person has different desires that are in contrast with each other. What can organize different and contrast desires and can lead to the advantage of the society is order that manages them. Respecting boundaries and loyalty toward it can be the need of human for the life without stress.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states '' the best courtesy should stop human within his or her boundary and he or she should not go beyond his or her boundary''.

Elements

Order includes contents and elements that form the different areas of order. These areas of order include purpose, planning, management, motivation, power, the use of the achievements of other persons, culture, moral economy, making patterns and the position of a job.

Purpose

There is a direct relationship between order and purpose and order cannot be gained without it. Purpose is the most important factor of the former of behavior, remarks and personality of human. Hence, great jobs come from gear purposes. Hence, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states '' God grants you as much as your intention. Persons and institutions that elapse their time without considering purposes and answer their needs and apply their facilities without considering ideals will not experience success apart from a lot of expenses.
A person without purpose does not provide the ground of fostering his or her purposes and he or she has left his or her guidance to luck. He or she does not control his or her life. Therefore, he or she will feel disappointed.
Hesitation, fear from great matters, delaying affairs and embarrass are the problems of decision making for persons that do not have a purpose and are not organized.
It should be reminded that motivation and enthusiasm should be created in a person in order to achieve a determined purpose. Motivation is a source of energy that revitalizes commitments within a person and its rate depends on the rate of recognition, the importance of purpose, belief in it and social pressures for achieving a purpose.

Planning

Planning is the identification of the path of movement and the provision of its map and is considered as one of the criterion of order. We can pass long, permanent and consistent steps with planning. With planning, we can achieve our purpose sooner, increase security and avoid laxity, deviation, chaos and grief. To achieve this important affair, we should act in a way with foresight and wise purpose that all of parts follow a path and an organized structure is gained.
Imam Javad (peace be upon him) pays attention to the importance of planning and states in a recommendation '' if a person does not know how start a job, he or she will not be able to end it''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states in a recommendation about daily planning and golden chances '' avoid hastening in affairs whose due time has not arrived or laxity in it has been possible the same as doing it. You should also stand against in affairs whose right path is hidden. Put everything in its own place and do affairs in a due time. You should do a job that is related to a specific day at the same day because there are affairs every day''. He has also stated '' chances are lost as clouds pass. Hence, take advantage of good chances''.
To achieve a purpose, we should take advantage of chances and should manage them because affairs depend on their special times. We should avoid hastening affairs that are without planning.
Each planned activity of human, small individual affairs and large social affairs, needs conditions. In this part, some conditions of planning will be mentioned:
a. Implementing affairs and dividing them among various duties. This condition is considered as one of basic conditions and achieving it makes the job clear from the aspects of quality and quantity and it makes affairs tangible. As a consequence, the evaluation of tool, forces, costs and schedule make the job possible exactly.
Emphasizing on planning and the division of duties, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states to his child, Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) '' Leave a responsibility to a servant so that each one can do his responsibility well and does not leave it to another person''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) expresses to Malek Ashtar in a recommendation some conditions for persons that accept roles apart from the division of duties and the role of a person and he states '' leave each responsibility to a person that can deal with the greatness of responsibility and its intensity makes him distressed''.
Ahle Beit (peace be upon him) highly emphasize that times of a day should be divided to three or four parts and considering it as the duties of wise persons elucidates the importance of this affair.
b. The establishment of adaptability and organization of divided parts should be in a way that provides the possibility of doing an affair in a good way. The adaptability and organization of the parts of a general part and the parts are combined in order to follow a common purpose. It is considered as the basic conditions of planning and if we do not pay attention to this condition, activities will disintegrate. For example, in Ohod War, such incoherence and disorder can be seen and it had the greatest organizational losses. In this war, the shoot man acted in contrast with plan of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and he caused that the Muslims failed and about seventy persons martyred.
c. Deep thinking and foresight are other elements of planning because foresight leads to order and planning. The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) states in a recommendation about thinking about doing affairs and the expression of the way that it happened '' when you do a job, you should think about its destination and if it leads to growth and happiness, you should follow it and if it leads to deviation, you should avoid it''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states in a recommendation '' think so that you can become a foresighted person because if all aspects of the job become clear for you, you will have certain decision'' and '' if you think about your affairs, you will have good destination in your affairs''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states about the result of foresight in economic matters '' thinking well and planning will grow little property and lack of prudence will spoil a lot of wealth''.
d. Science is another necessary condition for planning and success in its performance. The knowledge of the skills of management is the force of a manager in planning and the permanence of order. Hence, Quran answers to persons that objected to the selection of Talu as king and did not consider him as a qualified person for this rank because he did not have a lot of wealth '' in fact, God has considered him as a superior person and he is superior than you in the aspects of knowledge and physical force. Hazrat Yousef (peace be upon him) referred his knowledge and reliability in the time of the acceptance of responsibility in Egypt for the getting of the trust in order to manage the affairs of the house treasure and stated '' assign me as the manager of the treasures of this realm because I am a wise guardian''. Paying attention to the knowledge in leaving responsibilities shows the importance of this affair in planning and management from the point of view of Quran. Quran expresses the reasons of monotheism and considers the secrets of elements and the system of creation as planning and the exact order of this system under science and power.
e. Resting on God: it is a religious and effective factor for planning. Active thinking is the factor of success in planning. Hence, we should not forget to rest on God.
The mentioned conditions help persons to organize their affairs for the presentation of an organized structure and they determine the role of each member in the organization. As a consequence, ambiguity is removed, the coincidence of affairs is decreased, the cooperation of members becomes more effective in a group work and supervision becomes easier.

Leadership and management

One of main elements in social order is leadership and management. A society and an organization cannot achieve perfection without the system of control and management. Hazrat Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) states '' people should have a good ruler so that he can have the role of leadership, association be upon him) states '' we do not see a group or a nation that has permanent if the nation does not have a leader and a guardian because they have to obey him in their religion and world. If they do not have a righteous leader and guardian, the old rules of the religion will eradicate and the tradition will change.
Hence, the society and each small and large institute will be the factor of its order and permanence. The way of management and administrative system of a manager will be the ground of coherence or the disintegration of the society. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) has referred to this reality in order to answer the consultant of the first caliph for going out for war and leaving Medina.
The manager and leader of the society of human can change the behavior of people. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) interprets a leader in this way '' a ruler is like a wide river that a small rives flow there. If the water of the wide river is fresh, the water of the small rivers will be fresh and if the water of the wide river is salty, the water of the small rivers will become salty''. The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) states about this matter '' people are more similar to their rulers than their fathers''.
Some narrations have special point of view toward the role of innocent Imams (peace be upon them) in social and religious order, consider Imamate as a main role in the establishment of order and the prevention of chaos and have referred to it with different interpretations. Some persons have considered obeying Imams (peace be upon them) as the system of the nation and other narrations have considered Imam as the system of the religion.
Since God has willed, innocent Imams are aware of the affairs of the world and the different dimensions of the world and doomsday of human, represent the rules of God and the different aspects of the world and doomsday of human and have caused the order and survival of the earth and persons that live on. It has been expressed in a narration from Imam Sadeq (peace be upon him) '' the earth cannot survive without Imam that people resort to. A qualified manager needs features such as political point of view, tolerance, good behaviors, certainty, hope and endurance.

The areas of order

The analysis of religious trains reveals this reality that order does not devote an aspect of the aspects of the life of human, but it is related to individual, social, economic, political and cultural areas. Since this writing has special approach toward the culture of socializing, we will deal with social areas and will refer to other areas.

Personal order

The adornment of thoughts, behavior and remarks of a person is personal order in the different aspects of the personal life and it is created with look at the realities of past and present times and the management of the future and it appears in three parts: environmental, behavioral and relational. The first steps are order, arrangement and organization of mind. In this process, matters are classified in mind and priorities are determined. The effect of this order is seen in environment, remarks, behaviors and the kinds of relationships. A clean place, everything in its own place, the well-organized of the bookcase, equipment of work, clothes closet and things into the bag, thinking about the content of remarks, the way of expression and its time, paying attention to addressees and behavioral skills all show the organization of mind and kinds of personal order.
Religious trains have presented an exact plan about personal affairs and its observation will have the sweetness of the life. These orders include the easiest affairs and the most critical ones.
The study of the life of successful persons shows this reality that they analyze their personal affairs with special sensitivity, deal with events with the help of time and pass disasters easily. There is order all over the life of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and has made his life organized.
Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) stated '' I asked my father about the internal affairs of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants). He stated '' when the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) entered home, he divided his times into three parts: he devoted a part of his time for worshipping, a part of his time for his family and a part of his time for himself.
One of features of the life of Imam Khomeini (peace be upon him) was order.
'' Basically, the point of view of Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him) about planning of his time was that when human organized his plans in his life, his or her inner will definitely be organized. This topic about the life of Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him) was completely seen by all of persons. Even the police officer of France said to us'' we arranged our time with the going and coming of Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him).
The times of Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him) throughout the day had been divided in a way that we could guess what he was doing without seeing him.
Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him) had such an organized life that everyone made everyone surprised. This order is seen in the political and social matters of the country and in all of the affairs of his life.

Environmental order

The first stage of personal order is environmental order that includes appearance and clothes cleanness and the arrangement of appliances at home and workplace. Religious trains emphasize on this affair and the way of the living of innocent Imams (peace be upon him) have emphasized on this affair.
Imam Sadeq (peace be upon him) states '' God likes beauty and considers poverty unpleasant''. When God grants a blessing to his or her person, God likes that he sees its effect on his or her person.
The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) was a pattern for all of Muslims. He cared about the neatness of his appearance and environment a lot. I had a garment for working and a garment for special occasions. He used perfume a lot and when he passed by alleys, other persons understood that he was passing by from his pleasant perfume. He combed his hair and beard and used the best oils in order rub his or her hair or beard with them. He recommended to care about appearance and when he saw that persons had uncombed hair and dirty clothes, he reminded that using material facilities is a part of the religion.

Behavioral order

Order in behavior is another area of personal order and it includes all of behaviors of a person in relationship with himself or herself. A person that is organized in his or her internal behavior will behave himself or herself in this way: self-recognition, honesty with himself or herself, the evaluation of his or her actions, self-esteem and self-control. A part from the mentioned cases, such persons are organized in their daily actions. Order in worshipping, writing, eating walking, sleeping and request of needs are cases that are emphasized by the religion and special plan and arrangement have been presented for it.
One of the signs of behavioral order is to do affairs on time with exact planning, classification and priority of important affairs. A plan will be useful if we avoid paying attention to minor affairs because according to the interpretation of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) '' if a person pays attention to affairs that are not important, he or she will miss his or her attention to affairs that are important''. In other words, giving up unimportant affairs is the ground of achieving useful affairs''.
This point should be reminded that if unpredictable events happen, organized persons will try to achieve their purpose with priority and change of plan. Hence, daily plan should not be arranged in a way that we do not have any time for likely changes. It seems that it is necessary that there is such capability for analytic plans for persons that are at the beginning of this path.

Order in eating

There are a lot of religious trains that recommend to eating meals in their due times, avoidance of eating among meals, emphasize on eating dinner and breakfast, washing hands before each meal and after it, drying hands after washing them before each meal, remembering God before eating and thanking him after eating, starting and ending meal with salt, not leaving food table during eating and eating food with right hand rather than left hand and all of these show that the religion pays attention to order in daily affairs and health.
Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) considers applying a specific plan for the start and end of eating, for the rate of chewing of food and for going to rest room before sleeping as cases that prevent from medical needs. He mentions body balance, health and the permanence of though as the result of moderation in eating.
Narrations emphasize on eating some foods and vegetables, avoiding eating some foods among meals and eating some foods together and these show that Islam emphasizes on order in eating.

Order in worshipping

Worshipping is the need of soul, cheerfulness of heart, ground of relationship with spiritual world and the creator of the world. Special order and discipline in this personal affair show the position of order in personal behavior. Special time for praying, daily prayers and verses, emphasis on fulfilling prayer in a due time, the special conditions of place and clothes of a persons that fulfills prayers, paying attention to Kiblah in praying, brushing, decorating, using perfume, the selection of a special place for worshipping at home and so forth are the sign of order in worshipping.

Order in relationship

The establishment of order in relationship with others in the area of talking, behavior, promises and treaties is considered as order in relationships and it is considered as a branch of personal order.
Making appearance beautiful in relation with others, good behavior with others, the observation of the skills of talking and behaving in communication with other persons, loyalty to promises and treaties are the examples of relationship order that have been emphasized by the religion. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states in recommending about the smallest duty in relationship with others'' if you go to the presence of your Muslim brother, you should make his appearance beautiful as you do it for going to the presence of a stranger because you like that a stranger sees you in the best appearance''.

Order in talking

Order in talking is a sign of personal order in the area of communications. To achieve such an order, we should care about what we say, how we talk, when we talk and how long we talk. Thinking before talking is the sign of an organized mind. Religious trains have paid attention to the different aspects of order in talking and even if a talk seems to be organized, it will increase the beauty of the talk. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states '' the best talk is that order makes it a beautiful talk and all persons can understand it''.

Loyalty to treaties

Loyalty to treaties, promises and trusts are considered as the sign of commitment and internal order and they reveal the piety of persons in relationships. The messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) states '' a person that does not keep trusts does not have faith in God and a person that does not keep his or her promises does not have the religion''. He has also stated '' do not look whether a person prays, fasts, fulfills Hajj, forgives others and moans at nights, but you consider whether a person is honest and he keeps the trusts of others''.
Trust includes personal dialogue and the guardianship of the nation. The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) states
'' When two persons socialize with each other, whatever is talked and is done among them is the trust of God. Hence, it is not permitted that one of them reveals whatever happened among them''.
The preservation of trust and its effect on the life is as much as if a person promises about something toward another person, he or she should keep his or her promise even though the person is the worst person. Imam Sadeq (peace be upon him) states '' if the murder of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) considers me as a reliable person and wants to advise him and to consult with him and I accept it, I will keep trust''. The religious trains about it are as much as they recommend that if a person betrays you and considers you as a reliable person, you should not betray him or her and if he or she reveals your secrets, you should reveal his or her secrets.
The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) was loyal to commitments and preserved trusts and he never broke his promises even about trivial cases and before divine messages were descended, he was known as '' an honest person''.
Loyalty to trust in Beit Al-Mal is very critical and has high importance. There are a lot of cases in the life of innocent Imams (peace be upon them) and the dignitaries of the religion that they have insisted on the observation of trust. It is narrated about the life of the leader of the revolution, Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him), in relation to this matter '' When Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him) was in Najaf Ashraf, his child, Hajj Mustafa, martyred. His family wanted to call someone in Tehran with Beit Al Mal, in such a sitiation, but Imam Khomeini (may God's mercy be upon him) disagreed and said '' this telephone is for Beit Al-Mal and your use from it is personal. Hence, it is not decent that you use it.

Social order

Material and spiritual needs have made human toward a social life. Using the experiences and services of others needs our relationship with them. We need regulations and rules for social relationships in order to keep social relationships and group life. Without rules and order, the basic of social life will disintegrate and the community will eradicate. Hence, an organized socializing is necessary for persons in social different foundations and all members of the society should obey all manners, values and regulations that form the basis of the society.
Discipline that is emphasized by us is discipline that has the way and path of God and it does not cause any barriers for fostering the talents of human. Imam Sajad (peace be upon him) has shown an example of complete duties and rights of a Muslim and Islamic trains about the explanation of social system and real happiness of the society. Studying these regulations, we can achieve a surprising order in social relationships.

Family

Family that is confirmed by the Islam includes special discipline. In this family, each person has his or her own place and boundaries are clearly specified in this foundation and no one should enter the position of another person. A man plays the role of being a father and husband and a woman plays the role of being a mother and a wife. A child has his or her own role in a family. All of family members are aware of the positions of each other and respect them.
An amicable life is possible through the observation of the rights of each other and the acceptance of its principles and criterion. Lack of the awareness of the rights of a family and lack of paying attention to order that is dominated on the family can lead to struggles that disintegrate the foundation of a family.
The rights of a wife and a husband toward each other are considered as the examples of social order in the foundation of a family. Some of these rights are presented in the area of jurisprudence and rules and others have moral aspects and if we are loyal toward it, it will lead to the sweetness of the life. In this part, some of these rights are referred.
The meeting of financial needs are considers as the rights of a woman toward her husband and the rights of needy children, father and mother. These rights in systematic attitude toward economic and training systems of the Islam show special order in religious rules because a woman has a specific role in a family, it needs special facilities. A woman needs self-assurance in economic affairs in order to make the most basic unit of a community, family, and in order to train a moral generation. A woman guarantees the exaltation and health of the future generation and provides a comfortable club for her husband and children with providing appropriate grounds. In other words, purpose is that a woman looks for the most important responsibility into the club of a family in order to achieve the perfection of personality and she does not commercial activities for financial needs, but her presence in the community is based on social needs and the preservation of his or her special personality and position.
This point should be paid attention that since it is necessary that a man meets his financial needs of his wife, it does not cause that a man makes his wife do household chores by force.
A man should not only meet the financial needs of his wife, but she he should also behave her mildly. A part from the provision of financial needs of a woman, a man should meet the spiritual needs of a woman. Quran states
'' Behave your wives decently even if you do not like them. Maybe, you do not like something, but God has considered a lot of benefits for it''.

Imam Zein Al-Abedin (peace be upon him) states

'' You should know that the right of a woman is that great God has considered her for your comfort and you should know that this is a blessing that God has considered for you. Hence, you should cherish her and behave her mildly in spite of the fact that your right is necessary for you, her right is that you behave her mildly.
On the other hand, a woman should obey her husband and a woman should obey her husband as much as it is not the disobedience of God and she should not violate the orders of her husband. A woman should not avoid obeying her husband without religious reasons and considers it as the means of retribution.
A woman came to the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendanbts0 and asked '' O' the messenger of God! What is the right of a husband toward his wife? The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendanbts0 stated '' she should obey her husband, should not give anything as alms from home without his permission and should not leave without his permission. She should use the best perfume, wear the best dress and should wear the best jewelry. The obedience of a woman from her husband is not that she cooks and washes the clothes of her husband. Of course, these are related to cooperation and understanding, but her obedience is related to marital affairs.
The Islam has prevented from the imposition of household chores on women, but from moral principles, a woman is obliged to shoulder responsibility of the affairs at home. She should turn on the lamp of the house and cook. Hence, the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) left the responsibility of affairs that are related to house to Hazrat Fateme (peace be upon him) and the responsibility of affairs that are related to out of house to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in the division of responsibilities among them.
Family matters are the sign of order about the plans of the Islam and following them, we can have a good life.
A part of mutual rights of couples that were mentioned, there is special order about training children, inheritance, economic matters, consultation and guardianship in a family, health and family control, the solution of disagreements and divorce.

Organization

Organization is a social system and its existence depends on order. In other words, its survival depends on order in an organization and relationship and coherence among internal activities and association with the environment.
Management, purpose and planning are the basic principles in the organization and success of an organization. As it was said, it is clear that management is a basic principle in social systems such as organization. A manager should be useful, can plan in order to achieve purposes in a right way and can performance it in the best way. In other words, a manager should be able to implement the stages of planning practically. Orders that Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) issued to his agents are the documents related to the duties of a manager in the Islamic government. Orders represent order in the different aspects of the management such as lack of violation in the aspect of management, certainty along with tolerance, the selection of benevolent, hones and kind employees, planning, the division of tasks, exact supervision on the affairs of employees, equality in attitude toward persons, paying attention to weak persons, fairness in behaviors, appropriate reaction against the features of bad and good persons and …
Supervision in organizations have importance in organizations because they have close relationship with discipline. If the performance of affairs in organizations is accidental, they cannot work effectively.
Discipline can increase if there are the physical atmosphere of organizations and exact planning that is done by a schedule because they coordinate the activities of a lot of persons in an organization.
In social order and organizational discipline, it is necessary to obey the legal orders of a leader or a manager. Quran reminds that if Muslims enter in a group activity without the permission of a manager, they will not leave there.
The planning of an institute is the process of gathering information, considering different assumptions and the compilation and coordination of necessary activities for the implementation of the purposes of the institute.
In the first step, purpose should be specified clearly and effective realities and information should be gathered for it. The next step is making decisions. In this stage, the following affairs should be paid attention:
a. The analysis of information and all of possible ways of performance and possible results without considering limitations;
b. Establishing paths in a way that lead to the implementation of purposes;
c. The compilation of real, logical and enforceable norms and criterion.
Another step is to organize forces and determine their duties. In this stage, persons related to affairs are specified and the duty of each one is determined and program is expressed to them in the best way and we make sure about their understanding and acceptance from topic.
The final step is supervision that includes the following affairs:
a. The consistent evaluation of program and making sure about lack of deviation in the path of purpose;
b. The analysis of the reasons of results if there is disagreement with intended results in order to subdue errors;
c. The change of program in order to achieve our purpose.
In the end, it should be said that the organization needs the appropriate training and control of staff and the punishment of evildoers so that discipline can be established in the environment of the organization.
Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) recommends to Malek Ashtar
'' Benevolent and bad persons should not be considered in an equal way in your point of view because this causes that benevolent persons lose their motivation in their good actions and bad persons are encouraged to continue their bad actions''.

Society

Order in the society is that all of society members obey rules and values that form the basis of the society. This meaning includes the meaning of conceptions such as association and coherence and balance in social relationships.
It is clear that order in the society depends on factors such as regulations, values that are dominant on the society, government and …
The role of government and regulation in the order of the society
If the most exalted rules and regulations are not performed, they will have no value. Rules and regulations can be useful when they can be implemented about all of persons any places equally and completely.
The societies of human have tried to establish formations in order to control relationships among persons in the society and we name it '' government''. The society with lack of a righteous and decent system will not see order and comfort. Hence, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states '' A society should have a leader whether he or she is good or corrupted''.
On the other hand, corrupted system and regulations will not be useful for order in the society even though it has a righteous leader. We can depict this matter in this way
Social systems and formations toward the persons of the society are like the streets and alleys of a city toward its people.
Relationship between government and public order is a mutual relationship. Since governorship has a basic role in the consolidation of social order and it is the most important guarantee of the performance of regulations. Public order is the most important factor of the endurance of a system of the government.
In a social system, inequality is not clearly great in a social system and there is the chance of a satisfactory and complete life for all persons. If freedom is not in line with equality and most of people see their life without personal satisfaction, deviational behavior may include purposes that are socially destructive.
The new science of sociology has considered social order as a basic topic and it means that there are specific relationships, order and arrangement among different groups and persons in the society and without this kinds of order and relationships among groups, the society will have only disorganization and disorder.

The ways of the establishment of order

Order cannot be created spontaneously, but it depends on factors that are effective in the creation and survival of order.
Soul and organized thinking can be observed and on the other hand, disorganized appearance has a lot of effect on the disorganization of thinking and soul. In other words, the appearance of order in remarks, behavior and life of human is rooted in his or her heart and soul and disorganized soul comes from disorganized appearance.
If we organize our behaviors and movements in our life, our thinking will become organized. When our thinking becomes organized, a person will have order in the life and persons will have complete order of thinking. The establishment of order in behavior depends on the following cases:

Piety

The most important effective factor for the establishment of order is beliefs and religious values.
As a consequence, following religious commitments is the best and the most complete way for the establishment of order in persons and the society because there is close relationship between real religion and order and it can be said that a devout person is a real example of an organized complete person. We can deal with clear points about the analysis of the attributes of a devout person and only one of them is enough that it makes a person observe order in the best way and the most exalted way. For example, religious trains recommend devout persons to prevent from any kinds of uselessness and futile;
''قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ‌... وَ الَّذِینَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ‌''
It means that all of activities and ways of the life human follow a working and useful purpose and they experience an unorganized world without any purposes.
The early verses of '' Momenun Surah'' refer to the attributes of this group of persons. Thinking about these features deeply, we can see that they depict the presence of order in the life of a devout person;
''الَّذِینَ هُمْ فِی صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ''
''Those who humble themselves in their prayers''.
Modesty is the mood of humility and physical and spiritual politeness that appear in human against important and valuable reality. The meaning of this verse is that when a devout person prays, he or she pays attention to his or her God as much as he or she does not want to separate him or her. This mood influences the body organs of a person and he or she becomes modest.
Hence, a person can have over his or her thoughts. When he or she prays, he or she applies all of his or her attention toward reality and does think about someone else and his or her appearance shows his or her inner.
''وَالَّذِینَ هُمْ لِلزَّكَاةِ فَاعِلُونَح''
''Who are active in deeds of charity?''
Believers have special order about financial matters. They use their properties and consider some of their properties for poor persons.
''وَالَّذِینَ هُمْ لِفُرُوجِهِمْ حَافِظُونَ''
''Who abstain from sex''?
''إِلَّا عَلَىٰ أَزْوَاجِهِمْ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَیْمَانُهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ غَیْرُ مَلُومِینَ''
''Except with those joined to them in the marriage bond, or (the captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (in their case) they are free from blame''.
God has considered some desires within human and moderation in using them is in the path of good system and exalted rank of human.
Sexual desire is one of the most rebellious desires and it is at moderation in the life of devout persons and does not go extremes. Devout persons should be in their remarks and behaviors and wearing in a way that they do not go out of chastity. On the other hand, they are not aloof toward their spouses in family;
''وَالَّذِینَ هُمْ لِأَمَانَاتِهِمْ وَعَهْدِهِمْ رَاعُونَ''
''Those who faithfully observe their trusts and their covenants''.
The preservation of trust and loyalty to promises and treaties are the prominent features of believers and treaty and promise of human should be about relationship with other persons, toward God and his or her inner and nature.
Loyalty to promises and the preservation of trusts are the foundations of social system. The observation of these principles causes that there is special order into the inner and outer of human and it prevents persons from lack of plan and disorganization. If there are not such principles in a society, there will disorder and chaos in such a society. Hence, unreligious organized societies have followed such principles.
Hence, religious affairs have close relationship with Quran. Quran that depicts the system of the life of human about material and spiritual matters and religious instructions is described in the remarks of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in this way
''... أَلّا إِنَّ فِیهِ عِلمَ ما یَأتِی وَالحَدِیثَ عَنِ المَاضِی وَ دَوَاءَ دائِکُم و نَظمَ ما بَینَکُم''
'' You should know that there is the science of future in Quran and last Hadith. It treats your pain and organizes your affairs''.
In conclusion, if persons and the society do not think about religion and moral values and do not apply them in a practical way in daily life, there will be no order.

Motivation

The establishment of motivation and the feeling of responsibility are the main nature of humanity and difference between human and other creatures. Motivation is a source of energy that keeps commitments within the inner of human. An irresponsible person is out of real atmosphere of humanity. Quran states about irresponsible persons that are sent to the hell
'' They have hearts, but they do not receive realities, they have eyes, but they do not see and they have ears, but they do not hear. They are like animals and even more ignorant than them. They go astray forever''.
The motivation of a person is formed by his or her beliefs. Religious beliefs make motivation religious and they have a high role in enduring it. If we believe that we are responsible against God and obligations that he has left to us, it will improve our motivation. Hence, if motivation comes from our faith in God, it will have more endurance than material motivations.
To achieve order in the different affairs of the life, we should have motivation and enthusiasm. If a person has more information toward reality and its position, he or she will have more motivation in the establishment of order.
Hence, the increase of awareness, purposes, the establishment of the culture of order, the improvement of spirit and social pressures will improve the motivation of pivoted-order and it will be a step in the path of the establishment of order.

Fairness

Fairness as a religious principle can be the ground of the establishment of order in different aspects of the life. Fairness is a moderate path without going extremes. In other words, fairness means putting everything in its own place. In the religion, fairness means having tolerance in true path and avoiding whatever is prohibited in the religion. Narrating from religious trains, Dehkhoda orders to implement fairness and observe it and he prevents persons from the establishment of corruption. This affair is emphasized not only in personal affairs, but it is also emphasized in social affairs.
There is a close relationship between fairness and order. If fairness is established in a person with a specific way, it prevents a person from going extremes, provides a ground for passing a direct path and eradicates the ground of corruption and disorganization.
Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) has recommended to fairness in behaving to agents '' good and bad persons should not be considered in an equal level because it causes that benevolent persons lose their motivation in doing good actions and bad persons are encouraged to continue their bad actions.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) introduces fairness as one of the four pillars of faith in God and states about fairness and its aspects '' fairness is based on four aspects: deep understanding, deep knowledge, good judgment and permanent tolerance. Hence, if a person understands deeply, he or she can enter the depth of knowledge and if a person enters the depth of knowledge, he or she will come out of the rules of the religion fully and if a person and if a person is patient, he or she will not go extremes in affairs and he or she lives among people in a good way.
Belief in a fair system in the world and point of view that is related to fairness in affairs is the ground of order in personal and social behaviors.

Making patterns

Making patterns has a lot of effect on the establishment of order in persons and the community. Since persons are influenced by persons and the environment, it is necessary to introduce good patterns so that there is a path to learn good attributes. Quran introduces the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) as a pattern for persons that believe in the doomsday and has considered Hazrat Ibrahim (peace be upon him) and his companions as a good pattern. The prophets of God are as a complete pattern for all of aspects in the life. Quran express the way of their life with some statements and provides the ground of object lesson for them and has guided persons to good action and order that had been dominant over their lives with making positive patterns.
When the prophet faced to some companions that they did not follow a moderate way in some aspects of their lives, he introduced himself as a pattern and stated '' amn't I a good pattern for you?'' When the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants understood) that some companions had left the regular order of their lives, he ascended over the pulpit in a special way and after he exalted God, he stated '' what has happened to some companions? They do not eat meat, they do not use perfume and do not have sexual intercourse. But I eat meat, use perfume and have sexual intercourse with my wives. Whoever turns away from my tradition will not be from me.
Religious trains order persons to socialize with good persons in the path of making positive patterns and has prevented persons from socializing with bad persons in order to neutralize negative environmental effects and to avoid such patterns. For example, it is surprising that a person would like to have good companions, but he do not socialize with pious and sagacious scientists so that he uses from their virtues and can be guided under their guidance. '' Do not socialize with a stupid person because such a person makes his or her behaviors attractive for you and he or she likes that you be like him or her''.

The improvement of supervision system

Consistent and exact supervision is one of ways of the establishment of order in the behavior of person and the society. Planning without supervision is deviation from purpose and failure in result. Religious trains have recommended to supervise ourselves, agents and staff in order to organize persons and the society. Imam Sadeq (peace be upon him) recommends to supervise our daily behaviors
'' Each Muslim that has understanding toward us should supervise his or her daily behavior for himself or herself. If he or she does a good action, he or she should do a better action than it and if he or she has a bad action, he or she should seek forgiveness from God for it so that he or she does not feel humiliated in the doomsday.
It is completely clear that if we supervise our actions, it will lead to planning and order in affairs. Hence, Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) has introduced lack of laxity, the purification of our soul and happiness as the effects of the habits of supervision from ourselves.
Consistent and exact supervision on the behavior and agents and staff and the supervision of their action with a fair point of view, their services and selflessness and their faults are considered as the ways of the establishment of order. Hazrat Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) recommended his agents and governors to supervise their own affairs in his orders and administrative and governmental instructions and Imam Ali (peace be upon him) also sent persons to supervise their affairs. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states to Malek Ashtar
'' Supervise the affairs of agents and staff and appoint honest and faithful supervisors for them because your hidden supervision in their affairs make them the observation of trust and tolerance in the right of people. Avoid your assistants. If one of them commits a betrayal and one of your supervisors reports it, you should rely on the witness''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) wanted one of his agents, Malek Bin Kaab Al-Arhabi, in a letter such a thing
'' Select a person as a successor for yourself and go to all lands of Iraq from a district to another district along with a group of his companions for the supervision of the action and behavior of agents, get information about their behaviors and action and analyze the way of their living''.

Punishment and encouragement

If good and bad persons and hardworking and irresponsible persons are considered as equal persons and if each person is not behaved according to their society will face to the worst bad effects. Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) states
'' Bad and good persons should not be considered in an equal level because this causes that benevolent persons lose their intention in their doing good actions for others and bad persons are encouraged to continue their bad actions''.
Hence, standing against that breach rules will be considered as a ground for order. Therefore, a bad person will see the result of his or her action and it will be an object lesson for others. A benevolent person is hopeful to the result of his or her good actions. In the event of Tabuk War, three Muslims avoided accompanying the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) due to their laxity. When the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) came back Tabuk War, he limited his relationship with them and used a useful way in dealing with them. The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) had them repent under social pressure and provided the ground of object lesson for others. Quran states about this event
''رِحَ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَكَرِهُوا أَن یُجَاهِدُوا بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِی سَبِیلِ اللَّهِ وَقَالُوا لَا تَنفِرُوا فِی الْحَرِّ ۗ قُلْ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا ۚ لَّوْ كَانُوا یَفْقَهُونَ''
'' Those who were left behind (in the Tabuk expedition) rejoiced in their inaction behind the back of the Messenger of Allah: they hated to strive and fight, with their goods and their persons, in the cause of Allah: they said, "Go not forth in the heat. Say, "The fire of Hell is fiercer in heat." If only they could understand''.
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states about punishing sinful persons
'' If one of agents betrayed and this betrayer proved for you. He punish him with physical torture and take him whatever he has obtained. Then make him disgraceful and humiliated and consider him a traitor''.

He states about encouraging benevolent persons

'' Remember them as good persons, encourage them regularly and mention important actions that they have done because mentioning their good actions encourages brave persons to attempt and movement''.
'' Admire benevolent persons regularly, express the difficulties of persons that have tried and mentioning their good actions encourages brave persons and makes ill-natured and timid persons have more try and attempt. Consider the pain of each person and do not consider the pain of a person on the behalf of the pain of another person. Reward him or her as much as he or she has tried''.
It is completely clear that if punishment and encouragement are more than what is needed, it will lead to deviation from the path of training.

The provision of needs in the life

The desirable provision of needs of the staff and the attraction of their satisfaction are considered as the factors of social order and discipline. This affair leads to the satisfaction, self-assurance and comfort of the staff and the avoidance of distress. On the other hand, the worries of the life and material needs make the implementation of order difficult. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states to Malek Ashtar
'' Solve their financial problems because this way empowers them in their modification, encourage them to purify themselves and make them needless of stealing the properties of others.
The commanders of your troop should be persons that help the persons of the troop from their properties as much as soldiers and persons that are under their support and all of them follow a specific purpose that is Jihad with them.

Conclusion

The observation of order in the life has a lot of effects and advantages in the areas of individuals and community and some of them will be mentioned. a. speed: if order is observed, there will be no disorganization. As a consequence, the speed of activity will increase. To achieve our purposes more quickly, we should use our time in a useful way. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states to Malek '' do any jobs in a due time because there is a job every day. O' Malek! Divide your jobs according to the days of weeks and you have tasks everyday according to a schedule and affairs become disorganized due to lack of order and discipline.
b. Comfort: order prevents from the ground of spiritual stress and provides the ground of the comfort of thinking and soul.
c. The heightening of spirit and the increase of quality: order is the ground of spirit improvement; therefore, we will have more benefits. Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him) states '' whoever has weak will in affairs will spoil uses''.
Order has a lot of other uses that will be mentioned such as creativity, the effectiveness of affairs, providing grounds for more concentration, progress, and the possibility of achieving purposes.
There are affairs that prevent order from persons and lead to the disorganization of thinking and living. We can search these factors in environmental, mental, emotional, training, cultural and individual factors. Delaying affairs, unnecessary hastening, laxity, lack of considering priority in affairs and passing buck responsibilities are considered as the examples of these cases.
Lack of order leads to factors that cannot be compensated. We can refer to the following affairs briefly:
Disorders, dispersion, lack of identity and failure.
The avoidance of disorder depends on affairs that include faith in God, fairness, reward and a position that is in line with healthy behavior and economy.