The foundation and principles of lifestyle from the point of view of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza

Abstract
This research has extracted, explained and analyzed the principles of the lifestyle according to the foundation of trains of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with the four following foundations: worldview, anthropology, perception recognition and value recognition.
The findings of the research represent that only person that can present the best lifestyle for human is a person that has created human, is aware all of the benefits of the life of human and applies all of his or her attempts for the happiness of human and he is only creator of the world.
Introduction
We should explain about the way of the effect of the Islam on the lifestyle of the persons of the Islamic society in order to study the Islamic lifestyle. In the present writing, the Islamic lifestyle with the approach '' whatever exists'' studies Islamic texts with the pivot of Quran and Hadith so that the Islamic lifestyle can achieve whatever should exist in Islamic society.
What makes it necessary to discuss about this topic is remarkable distinctions between the Islamic lifestyle and the public lifestyle of the Muslims at the present time. Most of the Islamic societies separate from the trains of their school little by little and their lifestyle changes in most of areas and cases and combine with most of universal common ways that do not have firm basis and foundation.
At the present, since there are different cultures and different lifestyles are preached by mass media, dealing with the lifestyle has changed to a necessity.
The present research way is descriptive and it is a kind of the analysis of content. The society of research includes Quran, all of Islamic sources, Hadiths, narrations from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and about his life that is available in books, theses, publications, the foundations of religious channels, researches, studies that are related to the topic of research.
The foundation and principles of lifestyle from the point of view of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him)
In religious worldview, the point of view of human to the world of existence and human comes from divine messages and in the religion of the Islam, Quran and tradition are the underlying of thoughts and beliefs of a person and determine the manners of his or her individual and social life. It can be understood from the trains of Quran and tradition: 1. In the Islam, thoughts cannot be discriminated in any areas from the point of view of monotheism and Islamic thoughts are based on the worldview of monotheism in all areas; 2. the happiness of the life of human is provided and guaranteed in this religion better than other religions and its religious matters are a series of the foundations of beliefs and moral and practical rules whose basic root is based on Quran; 3. In contrast with most of ways that discriminate the program of God worshipping of human from the program of the life. The Islam has considered religious program as the program of the life, has interfered into the individual and social ways of human and has issued orders according to realism (worldview and theism). Moreover, the Islamic lifestyle is the underlying of ideology and Islamic worldview.
The most important principles of the Islamic lifestyle are based on four foundations from the point of view of Quran and principles of lifestyle from the point of view of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him): anthropology, worldview, perceptions recognition and value recognition that will be discussed.
The foundation of worldview
The most important principles of the worldview include from the point of view of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza: 1. principle of resurrection; 2. Principal of monotheism; 3. Principle of Imamate.
Principle of monotheism
Monotheism means that God is unique and it has different aspects: monotheism in nature: the nature of God is unique, monotheism in attributes: God has unique attributes and the attributes of perfection and nature of God are based on the nature of God, monotheism in action: reference all actions to God, Monotheism in creation: the independent creator is only God, monotheism in God: the sagacious prudence of the system of the world under the ruling of a God and monotheism in worshipping: Only Allah is qualified to be worshipped.
The monotheism of the lifestyle means that the lifestyle should be the ground of worshipping God in the life of human and the actions and behavior of human should be based on monotheism. Therefore, monotheism is not only a belief, but it is also a lifestyle for human and they have considered God as their ruler in the life and have ignored other powers in the life. Hence, if there is monotheism in the life, but it is not acted in the life, they will be real persons and according to the interpretation of Shahid Motahari '' human suffers from moral materialism and practical polytheism. In other words, action is not unique and there is a lot of distance between action and belief''.
There is no question that such a point of view has theoretical and practical consequences in the lifestyle and some of them include considering the request and will of God in all events;
'' وَلِلَّهِ غَیْبُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ وَمَا أَمْرُ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا كَلَمْحِ الْبَصَرِ أَوْ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَیْءٍ قَدِیرٌ''
''To Allah belongeth the Mystery of the heavens and the earth. And the Decision of the Hour (of Judgment) is as the twinkling of an eye, or even quicker: for Allah hath power over all things''.
The root of this belief is belief in the monotheism of actions that human considers all good actions for God and he or she does not attribute any bad features to God;
''فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِی قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَىٰ یَوْمِ یَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا یَكْذِبُونَ''
''So He hath put as a consequence hypocrisy into their hearts, (to last) till the Day, whereon they shall meet Him: because they broke their covenant with Allah, and because they lied (again and again)''.
'' كُتِبَ عَلَیْكُمُ الْقِتَالُ وَهُوَ كُرْهٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَعَسَىٰ أَن تَكْرَهُوا شَیْئًا وَهُوَ خَیْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ وَعَسَىٰ أَن تُحِبُّوا شَیْئًا وَهُوَ شَرٌّ لَّكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ یَعْلَمُ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ''
''Fighting is prescribed for you, and ye dislike it. But it is possible that ye dislike a thing which is good for you, and that ye love a thing which is bad for you. But Allah knoweth, and ye know not''.
A person that leaves himself or herself to God will have the freshness of work and attempt and he or she will know that God is aware of whatever he or she does;
''الْحَجُّ أَشْهُرٌ مَّعْلُومَاتٌ ۚ فَمَن فَرَضَ فِیهِنَّ الْحَجَّ فَلَا رَفَثَ وَلَا فُسُوقَ وَلَا جِدَالَ فِی الْحَجِّ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَیْرٍ یَعْلَمْهُ اللَّهُ ۗ وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَیْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَىٰ ۚ وَاتَّقُونِ یَا أُولِی الْأَلْبَابِ''
''For Hajj are the months well known. If anyone undertakes that duty therein, Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good ye do, (be sure) Allah knoweth it. And take a provision (With you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, o ye that are wise''.
If a person does not do whatever he or she likes or does not get any positive results from his or her affairs, he or she will feel disappointed because he or she knows that God has not considered any advantages for him or her in doing this affair;
''وَلَوْلَا إِذْ دَخَلْتَ جَنَّتَكَ قُلْتَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ ۚ إِن تَرَنِ أَنَا أَقَلَّ مِنكَ مَالًا وَوَلَدًا''
''Why didst thou not, as thou wentest into thy garden, say: ´Allah´s will (be done)! There is no power but with Allah!´ If thou dost see me less than thee in wealth and sons''.
Moreover, he or she applies all of his or her attempts, does not feel lazy, rests on God and does not have fear from something or someone;
''أَلَا تُقَاتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَّكَثُوا أَیْمَانَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا بِإِخْرَاجِ الرَّسُولِ وَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ ۚ فَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِینَ''
''Will ye not fight people who violated their oaths, plotted to expel the Messenger, and took the aggressive by being the first (to assault) you? Do ye fear them? Nay, it is Allah Whom ye should more justly fear, if ye believe''.
''إِنَّمَا یَعْمُرُ مَسَاجِدَ اللَّهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْیَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَى الزَّكَاةَ وَلَمْ یَخْشَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۖ فَعَسَىٰ أُولَٰئِكَ أَن یَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُهْتَدِینَ''
''The mosques of Allah shall be visited and maintained by such as believe in Allah and the Last Day, establish regular prayers, and practise regular charity, and fear none (at all) except Allah. It is they who are expected to be on true guidance''.
''الَّذِینَ یُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّهِ وَیَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلَا یَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللَّهَ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ حَسِیبًا''
(''It is the practice of those) who preach the Messages of Allah, and fear Him, and fear none but Allah. And enough is Allah to call (men) to account''.
He or she know
''أَلَا إِنَّ أَوْلِیَاءَ اللَّهِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَیْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ یَحْزَنُونَ''
''Behold! Verily on the friends of Allah there is no fear, nor shall they grieve''.
You should be aware that the friends of God will not neither have fear nor become sad and more importantly, God will reward human that believes in monotheism and will grant the reward of their decent actions in the world and the afterlife and this promise of God causes his or her hope and enjoyment because human has been created in order to gain enjoyment and this enjoyment makes him or her happy. A person that worships a single God will be free from the capture of lust, position, wealth and creatures like himself or herself and his or her creator and purpose will be only God in the life. Hence, he or she is not ready to accept meanness for others except God. Therefore, monotheism creates the soul of freedom in the lifestyle of human and such persons do not obey luxury in the world;
''فَتَوَلَّىٰ عَنْهُمْ وَقَالَ یَا قَوْمِ لَقَدْ أَبْلَغْتُكُمْ رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّی وَنَصَحْتُ لَكُمْ ۖ فَكَیْفَ آسَىٰ عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍ كَافِرِینَ'
''So Shu´aib left them, saying: "O my people! I did indeed convey to you the messages for which I was sent by my Lord: I gave you good counsel, but how shall I lament over a people who refuse to believe''.
From the point of view of trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the attitudes and beliefs of a person in each area determine his or her lifestyle, his or her daily activities and behaviors and his or her orientations toward the life. Imam Reza (peace be upon him) started such an action as debates, question and answer, correspondences and talks and the khotbe of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) about monotheism among the supporters of Abasi Government is well known. After Imam Reza (peace be upon him) extoled God and sent peace upon the prophet and his descendants), he started his khotbe with such words
'' اولُّ عبادَة الله تَعالی مَعرِفَته ''
The first stage in worshipping God is his recognition and the foundation and basis of the recognition of God are that we know that God is unique and the basis of monotheism is that we obviate such attributes for God.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) has summoned the audience to the importance of the recognition of God and he has stated in another part of the khotbe '' persons that want to achieve the recognition of the depth of the nature of God do not pay attention to monotheism and persons that consider partner for God and consider him or her similar to other creatures have not referred to exalted God and have not known him enough. What, how and why have no meaning for him''. Then at the end of his khotbe, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) attested that God is unique and warned persons that consider God like other creatures not to go wrong. He finished his khotbe with peace be upon the prophet and his Ahle Beit. In this Khotbe, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) referred to the points that were related to the problems of that era such as '' whom does God look like? '' '' what is God?''. A part from his talk, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) answered the challenges of thinking about monotheism the question-answer session. Hence, when the work of human is valuable in the Islamic lifestyle, it is based on the principle of monotheism and this is considered as moral value in the Islam.
The principle of resurrection
Resurrection is one of the most important foundations of the worldview that can influence all aspects of the lifestyle. From the point of view of the Islam, the principle of resurrection means that human has come from a starting point and will return there finally;
الَّذِینَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُم مُّصِیبَةٌ قَالُوا إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَیْهِ رَاجِعُونَ''
''Who say, when afflicted with calamity: "To Allah We belong, and to Him is our return''?
Returning the starting point is same resurrection and nothing can be as useful as belief in resurrection. No matter is as important as the matter of resurrection after the matter of monotheism in the Islam. Decent persons visit their God with their death;
''نِسَاؤُكُمْ حَرْثٌ لَّكُمْ فَأْتُوا حَرْثَكُمْ أَنَّىٰ شِئْتُمْ ۖ وَقَدِّمُوا لِأَنفُسِكُمْ ۚ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّكُم مُّلَاقُوهُ ۗ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ''
''Your wives are as a tilth unto you; so approach your tilth when or how ye will; but do some good act for your souls beforehand; and fear Allah. And know that ye are to meet Him (in the Hereafter), and give (these) good tidings to those who believe''.
From the point of view of Quran, immortal life and perpetual happiness in the doomsday;
''یَا قَوْمِ إِنَّمَا هَٰذِهِ الْحَیَاةُ الدُّنْیَا مَتَاعٌ وَإِنَّ الْآخِرَةَ هِیَ دَارُ الْقَرَارِ''
''O my people! This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience: It is the Hereafter that is the Home that will last''.
Persons that believe in the resurrection are persons that are the lovers of God and consider the life of the world as a passing for a perpetual life in the afterlife. Therefore, they feel neither alone nor empty in the life because death makes their life meaningful. Faith in resurrection day burns the root of disappointment and makes human hopeful and none of his or her good deeds will be wiped out from the world and his or her plights and failures will not be without answer in this world. On the other hand, remembering the justice of God and the reward of God for all moments of the life of human will have a lot of comfort. Therefore, self-confidence and will increase his or her power for the tolerance of difficulties of the world. As a consequence, the feeling of security and comfort are established in his or her soul;
''إِنَّ الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ لَهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَیْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ یَحْزَنُونَ''
''Those who believe, and do deeds of righteousness, and establish regular prayers and regular charity, will have their reward with their Lord: on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve''.
There are a lot of points in the remarks and sermons of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) that represent that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) got the attention of people toward the doomsday. For example, he stated about the hell and the heaven '' whoever denies the creation of the heaven and the hell has denied the prophet and us''.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) recommends to the believes not to have dependence on the world and consider the afterlife as their final purpose and destination;
«اِعْمل لدُنیاكَ كانّكَ تَعیشُ ابداً و اعْمَل لآخِرتكَ كانّكَ تَمُوتُ غَداً''
'' You should be toward the affairs of the life and the world in a way as if you will be alive forever and you should be toward the afterlife as if you will die tomorrow''.
He also stated in his another sermon
'' إنَّ الدنیا سِجْنُ المُؤمِنِ و القَبرَ بَیتُهُ و الجنّةَ مأواهُ و الدُّنیا جَنَّةُ الكافِرِ وَ القَبرَ سِجْنُهُ و النّارَ مأواهُ''
'' The world is the prison of a devout person, grave is his or her house and the heaven is his or her perpetual resort, but the world is the heaven for an unbeliever, the grave is his or her prison and the fire of the hell is his or her perpetual place''.
Some of the most important uses of belief in resurrection in in the Islamic lifestyle include:
The modification of the point of view of human toward the world and lack of attention to its deceiving pleasures:
In the lifestyle with the foundation of resurrection, the world is a tool for human to achieve the exalted purposes of human and perpetual life because the world has been created for human not human for the world and the personality is much more valuable than the deceiving pleasures of the world. This kind of belief in resurrection extends the point of view of human toward the world.
The control of desires and lusts
According to the foundation of Quran, in the Islamic lifestyle, with belief in perpetual life, human can understand, the chance of the world is limited and its use is little and even whatever human gains cannot be preserved and the real enjoyments and pleasures of the world cannot be summarized within this short time. He or she will not depend on the pleasures of the word with his or her endless requests and he or she will not be sad if he or she does not use a lot of blessings and wealth of the world;
'' یَا قَوْمِ إِنَّمَا هَٰذِهِ الْحَیَاةُ الدُّنْیَا مَتَاعٌ وَإِنَّ الْآخِرَةَ هِیَ دَارُ الْقَرَارِ''
''O my people! This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience: It is the Hereafter that is the Home that will last''.
The sense of responsibility and perpetual preparation
One of the effects of belief in resurrection is the sense of responsibility and the recognition of duties in the depth of human because all of these are good deeds that human does for his or her afterlife and we should live with these properties ( good actions) in the afterlife;
''إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِیَةٌ أَكَادُ أُخْفِیهَا لِتُجْزَىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ بِمَا تَسْعَىٰ''
''Verily the Hour is coming - My design is to keep it hidden - for every soul to receive its reward by the measure of its Endeavour''.
Hence, if we want that religious lifestyle can be implemented in the society, we should pay attention to the matters of the afterlife as Imams dealt with.
3. The principle of Imamate
The matter of Imamate is one of the most important matters of Quran and the most pivotal topic in the school of Ahle Beit (peace be upon them) and it has exalted position of beliefs and the deep content of values. Therefore, in the Islamic thoughts, the existence of Imam on the earth and among people as divine leader, authority and the pattern of religious people is necessary and the acceptance of the guardianship of religious guardian and leader by people is necessary and unavoidable. In Maede Surah verse 55 known as '' the verse of Guardianship'', God has introduced the guardianship and leadership of Imams and states
''یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا أَطِیعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِیعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِی الْأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ ۖ فَإِن تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِی شَیْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْیَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَیْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِیلًا''
''O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final determination''.
In this verse, obligatory obedience from Imams is the same as obeying God and the prophet and repeating the word '' obedience'' about God and his messenger and lack of repeating the word about Hazrat Muhammad (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and Imams show that the pivot of obeying God is following general rules that are issued by the prophet for Islamic nation, but the pivot of obeying the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) is a part from following the rules of guardianship and governorship and the necessity of obeying Imams is the necessity of innocent guardians in all of religious and worldly rules and rules. This verse emphasizes on the necessity of obeying innocent Imam and his special and public representatives in religious, worldly, political and social affairs.
There are statements about Imamate from Imam Reza (peace be upon him). There are two general matters about explanation: first: the modification of deviations about the principle of Imamate and second: the explanation of features and attributes of innocent Imams and the rank of Imamate and guardianship.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) defines the rank of Imamate in this way '' Imamate is the leader of Muslims, the system of Muslims, the goodness of the world and the greatness of believers. Imamate is the root of Islam and its branches''. Hence, according to the foundation of the verses of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the need of the society to leader leads to the growth of the society and it should not be ignored in any stages. Hence, the acceptance of the principle of Imamate as one of the foundations of the Islamic lifestyle is in the path of the growth of persons for achieving the rank of God closeness''.
The foundation of anthropology
We should consider the kind of the point of view of school or worldview toward human as the most important pillar of lifestyle in order to analyze any kinds of lifestyle. The Islam is a school in order to make human and in the Islamic lifestyle, human has exalted and high position because he or she has been selected by God;
''ثُمَّ اجْتَبَاهُ رَبُّهُ فَتَابَ عَلَیْهِ وَهَدَىٰ''
''But his Lord chose him (for His Grace): He turned to him, and gave him Guidance''.
Humanity has pivotal position from the point of view of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him). In modern culture, the foundation of anthropology knows human as an exalted value and considers human superior than other creatures. Quran considers centrality and pivot for human, but this pivot of human obeys the will of God. In this part, three basic principles of the foundation of anthropology will be discussed.
1. The principle of the greatness of human
The greatness of human is one of the most useful foundation of anthropology that can influence all aspects of lifestyle. According to Quran, each person has the value of soul. From the point of view of human, the greatness of human is considered as the basis of creation and greatness is established in the nature of human. Exalted God states
''وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِی آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِی الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُم مِّنَ الطَّیِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَىٰ كَثِیرٍ مِّمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِیلًا''
''We have honoured the sons of Adam; provided them with transport on land and sea; given them for sustenance things good and pure; and conferred on them special favors, above a great part of our creation''.
Human lives with this value and greatness in the community and if his or her greatness and value are ignored, there will be a lot of harms on his or her life, his or her motivation, attempt and progress will fade and his or her world and existence will be weak.
The value and greatness of human are emphasized by the Islam apart from the belongings of the tribe, gender, religion and …This affair has been reflected in the thought and the way of the life of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in the best way. The purpose of creation, the orientation of the life human and his or her specific greatness will cover all over his or her inner and the system of creation with this greatness makes human distinct from other creatures in the life.
The mention of historical narrations from the life of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) will represent the depth of understanding and his understanding from the value and greatness of human. A man from Balkh narrates in this way '' I was along with Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in my journey toward Khorasan. One day he prepared food for eating and summoned all of his black and white servants for eating. I asked '' wasn't it more appropriate that they ate food in a separate food table?'' Imam Reza (peace be upon him) answered '' be quiet. God is single for all of us, our mother is single, our mother is single and the reward of a person depends on our deeds''.
As Ibrahim Bin Abbas narrates, whenever Imam Reza (peace be upon him) became alone and food cloth was spread, he had all of his servants and maids of the house sit beside the food cloth. Yaser narrates from the servants of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) said to us '' If I stand by us when you eat, you should not stand up until you finish it''.
Ibrahim Ibn Abbas describes Imam in this way from the point of view of greatness '' I never saw that Imam Abu Al-Hasan (peace be upon him) said any remarks against anyone and he never interrupted anyone and met needs of persons. He never stretched out his legs in the presence of others, never used abuse words for his friends and staff''.
In the way of the life of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the preservation of honor and respect of human is as much as according to a historical narration, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) assisted a poor man financially when he had covered his face. Suleiman asked Imam Reza (peace be upon him) '' in spite of the fact that you donated him a lot of money, why did you cover your face?'' Imam Reza (peace be upon him) stated '' I did it because I do not want to see the meanness and humiliation of a needy person in your face? ''
The above historical narrations show that from the point of view of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), all of persons have equal rank and value from the aspect of humanity and equal rank and value and Imam Reza (peace be upon him) was sensitive toward the respect of human and respected their greatness as much as possible. He fought against humiliating and insulting a person strongly and even respected servants with black skin and non-Muslims and behaved all groups as human.
2. The principle of equality
According to religious trains, persons are different in most of cases and are different from each other in social positions. Nothing can distinguish them from each other in social rights. In the school of divine messages, in spite of the fact that they have been created in different ways and there are differences among them from natural positions, they have equal nature. Quran has stated
''یَا أَیُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِندَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِیمٌ خَبِیرٌ''
''O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things)''.
The necessity of generous foundation toward persons is equality and fairness among them. When persons are equal because they are all human, their equal behavior and foundation in collaborations are difference among them. Equality among persons is reflected in the remarks and behaviors of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) decently. This statement of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) '' all of persons are from the same parents and a root'' provides the ground of behaving in an equal way''. There are a lot of examples from historical narrations that represent the exalted thought of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in equality. Neishaburi Ruler narrates in the book '' the history of Neishabur'' '' one day one of Neishaburi dignitaries arranged a great party for Imam Reza (peace be upon him). After Imam Reza (peace be upon him) entered the party, they had him sit in a special place. But Imam Reza (peace be upon him) did not pay attention to the special place and sat beside servants and workers.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) paid special attention to the rights of low class of the society throughout the history that was considered the steps of the ascending of high class. A lot of narrations have been narrated from collaboration without his discrimination with this group of persons and all of these are the implemented thought and he stated
'' من لَقی فقیراً مسلماً فَسلَّمَ علیه خِلافَ سلامِه علی الاغنیاءِ لَقی اللهَ عَزَّوجلَّ یَوم القیامَةِ و هو علیه غَضبانٌ''
'' If a person says hello to a poor Muslim in a way different from saying hello to rich persons, in the doomsday, God will visit him or her in an angry way''.
Therefore, the cold and different behavior of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with Fazle Bin Sahl can be analyzed in this way. When he came to Imam Reza (peace be upon him), he had him stand up for an hour deliberately because Imam Reza (peace be upon him) wanted to have him experience the taste of the behavior of discrimination of Fazl with the persons of low class so that he could understand the tolerance of different behavior among persons that God has created them in an equal way is very hard and painful. As soon as Imam Reza (peace be upon him) entered Neishabur as its people were welcoming him enthusiastically. He resorted in a region called '' Belasabad'' in the house of an old women named '' Pasandeh'' so that he could get the attention of public people to the conditions of the life of the people of low class in the society.
Therefore, non-Muslims were not deprived of the fair behavior of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). There are two historical valid narrations about this area. Rian Bin Shoayb narrates '' I asked Imam Reza (peace be upon him) '' my father had willed to grant money to Christian people and I want to grant it to a group of Muslims''. Imam Reza (peace be upon him) asked '' implement the will as it is''. God states
''فَمَن بَدَّلَهُ بَعْدَمَا سَمِعَهُ فَإِنَّمَا إِثْمُهُ عَلَى الَّذِینَ یُبَدِّلُونَهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِیعٌ عَلِیمٌ''
''If anyone changes the bequest after hearing it, the guilt shall be on those who make the change. For Allah hears and knows (All things)''.
Moreover, Yaser, the servant of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), states '' Mamun received a letter from Neishabur '' a man had willed to distribute his wealth among poor persons, but the judge of Neisabur distributed it among Muslims''. Mamun said to Imam Reza (peace be upon him) '' O' my master! What do you think of it?'' Imam Reza (peace be upon him) answered '' The persons of this religion do not will for the Muslims. Write a letter to the judge of Neishabur to take some tax of Muslims in order to give it to them''.
What is interpreted from these two narrations is that beliefs and religion and Muslims, non-Muslims have no role in granting rights and implementing fairness and the superiority of a person is in spiritual virtues and the piety of God not in the area of rights and obligations. Hence, it is discussed about rights, belongings will not influence it and the rules of the religion will be considered as only norm. This point has reflected in the trains of Imam Reza (peace be upon him).
Hence, it can be understood from the verses and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) that in the Islamic lifestyle, we should use basic and critical rights in the areas of living in an equal way so that classical differences and lack of growth due to economic problem can be eradicated from the society.
3. The principle of freedom
The third basic principle from the foundation of anthropology in the Islamic lifestyle is the principle of freedom. In fact, freedom and equality are considered as two factors of the greatness of human. If two principles of freedom and equality are observed for all of people in the society, we can say that we have taken care of greatness and the social rights of human. The principle of freedom is one of the greatest principles of human and the request of the public and during the history, it determined the mission of prophets and the way of the movement of gentlemen. The tyrant and dominant people stood the right of the freedom of human. In the history of the Islam, leaders determined the value of freedom, got persons to be familiar with this reality and defended their rights. Of course, the freedom of human has a lot of aspects such as freedom of slavery, freedom of belief, freedom of thought, freedom of expression, freedom of job and …each matter has a domain. But what is intended about Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in this writing is the freedom of human from domination of another person in spite of the fact that other aspects of freedom such as the freedom of belief, expression and thought in the thoughts of Imam have exalted position because one of important areas of the scientific Jihad of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) forms the debates of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with different groups of thinking and in the content of these debates, the trace of freedom in the expression of beliefs, freedom in the kind of thinking and the freedom of expression are observed. In these debates, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) did not censure anyone because he had such beliefs and said such remarks, but he tried to eradicate the foundations of the logic of animosity with wise and logical way and instead of it, he tried to establish the basic thought of the religion.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) has dealt with the principle of the freedom of human from the domination of tyrant persons basically. Aba Solat narrates that after there was a rumor that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) had stated '' people are your persons'', he expressed '' O' God! You are the creator of heavens and the earth, are aware of whatever is seen and hidden, are witness that I have not said such remarks and I have not heard such remarks from my fathers. O' God! You are aware of tyrannies that this nation has imposed on me and this insult is from them''.
Zakaria, one of the companies of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), narrates '' a man had been hungry and poor, brought his child and said '' my child be yours, feed him and uses him as a slave''. Imam Reza (peace be upon him) stated '' a free persons cannot be bought and sold and this action is not decent for you''.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) emphasizes on living freely and preserving natural greatness that a person has because he or she is human and is free from any kinds of belongings and features. Of course, persons that are more pious and obedient are dear for God.
The foundation of perception recognition
Perception recognition discusses about the recognition of human, evaluating them and the determination of the norm of their right and wrong actions. Shahid Motahari says about the importance of perception recognition '' the world is the world of school and ideology. School and ideology are based on the foundation of the worldview and the worldview is based on the foundation of recognition. Therefore, human can understand the importance of the matter of recognition. Ideology is according to material worldview and the material worldview is according to a specific ideology about recognition. Another ideology has another worldview and the worldview is according to an ideology about recognition. Before we discuss about ideologies, schools and worldviews, we should elucidate the situation of the matter of recognition. As I said, '' the importance of this matter at the present time is more than past time''.
Mesbah Yazi reminds in the book '' philosophy training '' '' there are a sequence of basic matters for human as aware persons that do their activities from their awareness. And if they do not try to find appropriate answers for them, this will make them go away from the boundary of humanity, join animals, be in dilemma, hesitation and their conscience for looking for reality will not be satisfied and their worry for their responsibility will not be removed. Moreover, this matter makes human such inactive and dangerous persons that they cannot have any solutions for their deviations such as materialism and nullity, cannot provide mental comfort and social happiness and we should search the factor of individual and social corruptions in deviated point of views and thoughts. Therefore, we should analyze these matters with firm and strong will and we should not stop any attempts in order to establish the foundations of the life of human, assist others in this path and prevent from inappropriate thoughts and deviational schools in the society. We will explain about the two principles '' thinking'', and '' insight'' in the foundation of perception recognition from the point of view of Quran and trains descended from Imam Reza (peace be upon him).
1. The principle of thinking
The Islamic lifestyle is to make the life Islamic and its foundations are based on recognition and thinking. If recognition is not though thinking, human will not be able to move in a right way. Thinking is main condition in order to achieve recognition and happiness in the life.
Islamic lifestyle is based on wisdom because if wisdom does not support the life, human will feel desperate in the challenges of the life and the contrast of the life. Hence, in the Islamic Hadiths, wisdom and reason have been introduced as the strategies of devout persons. Lifestyles that do not have logical and sagacious pillars and are in contrast with wisdom, they will have no positive results. We should consider wisdom and thinking as basic principles in the Islamic lifestyle such as thinking about the purpose of creation, thinking about the principles of the religion, thinking about purposes, thinking about behaviors, evaluating them, thinking about the current conditions and evaluating and predicting conditions after them.
Wisdom and thinking in Quran are considered as a tool for achieving other desirable things that include the recognition of God, religious trains and realities, sciences and the recognition of human for achieving the visit of God has been referred in Quran. There are a lot of verses in Quran that invite us to think. These verses with different contents have tried to express this point that persons have to think and ponder in order to gain experiences, in order to learn different affairs and in order to achieve the rank of God. Specifically, we can mention verses that after the express specific affairs, they consider it as sign and verse from God and relate its sign to thinking. The result of such thinking is awareness of the secrets of the creation, the gain of experiences and the avoidance of ignorance that has led to the declination of past people and they go away from the rank of approaching God. According to the verses of Quran, all of persons can understand the reality of God through appropriate reasons and clear realities and realize them completely. Here it is emphasized on the clarity of verses and therefore, in the first stage, blasphemy is not related to lack of will of a person, but it is related to lack of talent and logical achievement. Unbelieves cannot see and understand the verses of God. God has shown verses and this depends on a person whether he or she accepts their guidance or not. According to Quran,
'' وَقَالُوا لَوْ كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ أَوْ نَعْقِلُ مَا كُنَّا فِی أَصْحَابِ السَّعِیرِ''
''They will further say: "Had we but listened or used our intelligence, we should not (now) be among the Companions of the Blazing Fire''.
Hence, wisdom has very prominent and firm effects in relationship between God and kind of human. As it has been depicted in Quran, the activity of wisdom is related to the verses of God and in contrast with the conception of wisdom in contemporary eras, wise activity does not end to itself, but its purpose is the reflection of something that is interpreted from signs, worshipping God and faith in him.
The Imams of God pay attention to thinking and most of their prayers lead to thinking as it has been said about Abazr
''كانَ اكثرَ عبادةِ ابی ذرِّ التفكُرُ ''
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) trained his companions the way of thinking. One day, Yunes Bin Abd Al-Rahman, one of the lovers of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), came to him when he was sad and was crying. Some persons had insulted him and he had been strongly sad. He said '' O' the messenger of God! I socialized with such persons whereas I did not know that they insulted me. Imam Reza (peace be upon him) said to him kindly '' O' Yunes! You should try to talk to people within their understanding and express religious trains. You should avoid expressing matters that they do not understand. O' Yunes! When you have precious pear in your hand, but people say that stone is in your hand, or you have stone in your hand, but people say that you have precious pear in your hand, will such remarks influence your thoughts and beliefs?'' will you gain benefits or losses from the remarks and behaviors of people? '' Imam Reza (peace be upon him) trains the way of thinking in this way that we should hear remarks at first and then with the analysis of information and their correspondence with right norms and with complete independence, we will recognize right and wrong things. Hence, thinking and wisdom are considered as the most important principles for achieving lifestyle.
2. The principle of insight
From the point of view of the Islam, human in the world has exalted position and in other words, they are the best creatures and his or her final purpose is to achieve the visit of God. During this path, he or she will use soul and body so that he or she can grow and achieve promotion. From the point of view of the Islam, desirable person is a person that has insight and the life based on the Islam is according to insight and understanding.
God has expressed in several verses that there are persons that have eyes, but they cannot see and they are like animals;
''مَن یَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِی ۖ وَمَن یُضْلِلْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ''
''Whom Allah doth guide,- he is on the right path: whom He rejects from His guidance,- such are the persons who perish''.
''مَن یَهْدِ اللَّهُ فَهُوَ الْمُهْتَدِی ۖ وَمَن یُضْلِلْ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْخَاسِرُونَ''
''Whom Allah doth guide,- he is on the right path: whom He rejects from His guidance,- such are the persons who perish''.
The purpose of exalted God is not eyes that we see material things of the world, but eyes of insight cannot see realities.
Insight means heart ability from divine understanding that makes a person able to understand the realities of affairs and things. Such abilities help a person to understand the final consequences of each movement and action, to have appropriate analysis from daily realities and their occurrences and present appropriate explanation and recommendations for dealing with them. The basis of invitation toward God and the way of divine leadership and management is based on understanding and insight. God states in Quran in order to address the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants)
''قُلْ هَٰذِهِ سَبِیلِی أَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّهِ ۚ عَلَىٰ بَصِیرَةٍ أَنَا وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَنِی ۖ وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِینَ''
''Say thou: "This is my way: I do invite unto Allah,- on evidence clear as the seeing with one´s eyes,- I and whoever follows me. Glory to Allah! and never will I join gods with Allah''.
This verse not only shows the high importance of insight, but it also represents a way along with purpose in divine worldview. It means that if I summon people toward God with imposition and blindly, in fact, I have considered a weak point for God. Therefore, because if people do not choose God with their choice and insight, it may happen by force and this action is weakness to the holy soul of God and it is considered as polytheism. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) states in Khotbe 173 in Nahj Al-Balaghe
''لا یَحمِلُ هذا العَلمَ الا اهلُ البَصرِ و الصبرِ و العِلمِ بِمواضعِ الحقِّ''
'' Only an insightful, patient and elite person will be a leader''.
One of the most important aspects of the life of innocent Imams (peace be upon them) is their insight that is seen in the debates of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). Whenever Imam Reza (peace be upon him) debated with any groups, he encouraged them to this affair with strong reasoning and logic. Of course, this does not mean that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) invited to the religion without their choice and by force, but after became aware of the religion, they either became interested in it or became silent against the remarks of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). For example, after matters became clear For Umran Saebi, he became interested in the Islam and became Muslims and the heads of some religions remained silent against the appropriate logic of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and they did not any things.
The foundation of value recognition
Another part of matters related to the foundation of lifestyle that moral principles have remarkable role about is the foundation of value of lifestyle and it mostly includes moral values. Matters in morals that discuss about values, especially the norm of moral values, the permanence or change of values and relationship between morals and moral values, influence lifestyle.
1. The principle of justice
Quran introduces the principle of justice as a necessary principle of the Islamic lifestyle. God wants human to follow justice in his or her behavior because he or will be closer to piety;
''یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِینَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا یَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىٰ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا ۚ اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِیرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ''
''O ye who believe! stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do''.
Whenever God talks, he will say remarks fairly;
''وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْیَتِیمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِی هِیَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ یَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ ۖ وَأَوْفُوا الْكَیْلَ وَالْمِیزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۖ وَإِذَا قُلْتُمْ فَاعْدِلُوا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ ۖ وَبِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ أَوْفُوا ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ وَصَّاكُم بِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ''
''And come not nigh to the orphan´s property, except to improve it, until he attain the age of full strength; give measure and weight with (full) justice;- no burden do We place on any soul, but that which it can bear;- whenever ye speak, speak justly, even if a near relative is concerned; and fulfil the covenant of Allah: thus doth He command you, that ye may remember''.
God orders to justice;
''إِنَّ اللَّهَ یَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِیتَاءِ ذِی الْقُرْبَىٰ وَیَنْهَىٰ عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْمُنكَرِ وَالْبَغْیِ ۚ یَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ''
''Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition''.
''یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِینَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَیْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِینَ ۚ إِن یَكُنْ غَنِیًّا أَوْ فَقِیرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَىٰ بِهِمَا ۖ فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَىٰ أَن تَعْدِلُوا ۚ وَإِن تَلْوُوا أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِیرًا''
''O ye who believe! Stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be (against) rich or poor: for Allah can best protect both. Follow not the lusts (of your hearts), lest ye swerve, and if ye distort (justice) or decline to do justice, verily Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do''.
The reality of the life of human is based on the principle of justice;
'' بالعدل قامت السموات و الارض''
Behaving fairly in social life is the most important obligations of Muslims and violating the rights of others is considered as big sins'';
'' انَّ اللَّهَ یَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَىٰ أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُم بَیْنَ النَّاسِ أَن تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ نِعِمَّا یَعِظُكُم بِهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِیعًا بَصِیرًا''
''Allah doth command you to render back your Trusts to those to whom they are due; And when ye judge between man and man, that ye judge with justice: Verily how excellent is the teaching which He giveth you! For Allah is He Who heareth and seeth all things''.
Muslims should be the symbol of justice and animosity should not make them go beyond the pivot of justice;
''یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِینَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَاءَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا یَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىٰ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا ۚ اعْدِلُوا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَبِیرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ''
''O ye who believe! stand out firmly for Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do''.
From the point of view of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), in the Islamic lifestyle, paying attention to the principle of justice is considered as a general and basic principle in individual and social life for Muslims and non-Muslims. He has considered justice as the most important results of the Islamic government and the Islamic life.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) wrote behind the treaty letter of Mamun '' I have sworn God that if he grants me the leadership of Muslims, I will behave all Muslims, especially Bani Abbas, according to obeying God and his messenger (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants), will not kill anyone and will preserve the properties and women of people. God states
''وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْیَتِیمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِی هِیَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ یَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ ۚ وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ ۖ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولًا''
''Come not nigh to the orphan´s property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength; and fulfil (every) engagement, for (every) engagement will be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning)''.
Expressing such remarks, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) considers social justice for all Muslims and Bani Abbas and mentions its norm as the orders of God and the tradition of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants).
2. The principle of piety
The Islamic lifestyle is the lifestyle of centered piety. Piety is a regular behavior that changes to habit. Piety means a regular care and it is not only an element, but it is also a pillar in the Islamic lifestyle.
Recommendation to piety has been recommended in most of verse in Quran. But two verses have more importance. God has recommended persons to the piety of God in Aal-Imraan verse 102
''یَا أَیُّهَا الَّذِینَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ''
''O ye who believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared, and die not except in a state of Islam''.
God has recommended Muslims to be pious in their life according to their obedience in At- Taghaabun Surah in verse 16
''فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُمْ وَاسْمَعُوا وَأَطِیعُوا وَأَنفِقُوا خَیْرًا لِّأَنفُسِكُمْ ۗ وَمَن یُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ''
''So fear Allah as much as ye can; listen and obey and spend in charity for the benefit of your own soul and those saved from the covetousness of their own souls,- they are the ones that achieve prosperity''.
Interpreters have tried to elucidate relationship between two verses. From the point of view of Allame Tabatabaei, the right of piety is the last rank of piety, but the second verse includes all of the ranks of piety. First, God invites all of people toward piety and then he states that everyone should try to pass piety ranks according to his or her ability.
It can be understood from Quran that only way of revelation and survival is piety in the world and the afterlife. God annunciates pious persons to great piety, forgiveness, mercy, heaven and good destination in the heaven.
Piety as a general meaning is the necessity of the life of a person that wants to behave like human, obeys his or her wisdom and follows specific principles. Religious piety is that persons should preserve themselves from whatever the religion and religious principles have considered as sins and ugly actions and do not commit them.
One of the most prominent of the features of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) is religious deep relationship with God that is seen in the prayers of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). Ibrahim Bin Abbas says in a narration '' Imam Reza (peace be upon him) states in a narration '' Imam Reza (peace be upon him) slept little at night, often worshipped God from the beginning of night until the early morning, fasted a lot and fasted at least three in a month''.
It has been narrated from Shabravi that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) always performed ablution and prayed all night.
Some prayers have been narrated from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) that represent his relationship with God and resting on him such as
'' یا مَن دَلَّنی علی نَفِسه و ذَلّلَ قَلبی بِتصدیقهِ اَسالُك الامنَ و الایمانَ فی الدنیا و الآخرة''
'' O' person that has guided me toward yourself and has made my hear comfortable with your confirmation, I want you faith and security in the world and the afterlife''.
Conclusion
What has made the Islamic society face to serious problem is the penetration of the west into the society. Some level-minded persons think that this change of lifestyle is modernization in the current era. But reality is that the change of foundation is the cause of change and development in the Islamic lifestyle and modernization has been one the consequences of this change. The basis and foundation of the lifestyle has been founded according to the Islam in the traditional society of Iran and its change is the change of Islamic life style according to modern ways that are in contrast with Islamic culture and as a consequence, it leads to the change of identity of a Muslim.
Therefore, we should extract the main foundation of the culture of Islamic life from Quran and the tradition. The results of this research show that the life without beliefs is the life of animal and if such persons become more powerful, they will become more furious. Its example is the system of domination and tyranny all over the world. They are trying to exploit nations and to kill human under title '' freedom and rights of human'' with their authority. This contrast in the behaviors and remarks of the west comes from lack of beliefs toward the great source of divine message and the mission of prophets (peace be upon them).
Hence, we can conclude that in spite of the fact that Islamic lifestyle deals with the objective and behavioral aspect of persons and makes it observable, its main role is related to the foundations of beliefs and the religious beliefs of persons because we cannot consider a behavior Islamic or non-Islamic without intentions, motivations and its foundation. Therefore, it can be said that Islamic lifestyle is belief in the principles of the religion and the foundation of the understanding of the religion of the Islam that tendencies, beliefs and the individual and social behaviors of persons comes from. This is the same thing that the present article has tried to deal with.
It is hoped that experts have been succeeded to compile it and have produced basic and new knowledge with proper definition about lifestyle and with applying wise ways of ingeneration from Quran.