Study the impact of Satelite on the dress of high school girls (1)

This paper has aimed to examine the impact of the satellite on the wearing style of the school girls and has tried to focus on female schools of the third region of education and training in Tehran. The purpose of this study is provision of scientific information to correctly identifying audiences and identifying the impact of the satellite on the girls’ wearing style in the studying community and avoidance of tendency to foreign culture and promoting a pattern equal with the culture of the country. Also, this study, has tried to identify the concept of wearing ,its dimensions and components and identifying the factors influencing dressing style and recognition of satellite effect on the way of wearing and with offering descriptive and interpretive findings has come to this conclusion that the wearing pattern accepted by society has changed due to the satellites and the community prefers the sample satellite to the domestic media that shows the weakness of the domestic media in the institutionalization of appropriate cover among teenagers and youth .

Introduction:

Globalization has had undeniable and tremendous impact on all aspects of human life. With regard to the project of globalization, globalization of culture means the method of being similar in culture through Western like. But in general, the cultural reasoning of globalization is a sort of Cultural cohesion across the world however, the emergence of communicational revolution removes the cultural safety space and any culture lies in a space which the possibility of the emergence of other cultures are also exist.
The rapid spreading of ideas through the new technologies and multimedia (satellite) has increased the variety of cultural elements and diversity and multiplicity brings about the possibility of variety of cultures and also paves the way for the emergence of cultural products in the international arena . In today's world, the satellite with the information transfer and new knowledge and exchanging of public opinions has played a crucial role in the progress of human civilization and culture. Kaznou, concerning the power of the visual media, says : as the large rivers are formed of joining small streams so, big events creates by small ones, therefore, this current, are the messages of visual media that gradually by joining together drown us and create some changes in the way of our life. Teenagers and youth form the largest population and seeking new the need to become new is one of the major events of maturity period and consolidation of social and cultural personality of individuals that to various forms such as clothing and behaving appears. Since these are National investments to steer the country, they must have had beliefs, attitudes and tendencies to progress and development of the society so that as a basic capitals of community to be in all cultural categories, political, social, economical and so on. The youths, in the route of forming their personality, resorting to solutions that these solutions are often in the form of patterns, here, social institutions, not only failed to have an effective and active role in shaping youth patterns in wearing and shaping their character but also, with their own incomplete performance paved the way for teenagers and youth’s tendency to Western patterns.
The development and the expansion of overall mass media, such as video, the internet, and satellite and so on, also fueled this flow and caused passivity of the country's national media. Official national media of the country have the responsibility that by the help of propaganda plans and good models to guide young men and teenagers toward familiarity with own culture, but unfortunately the results obtained of investigations and studies show that the media poorly performed. Given that the new era, is the period of information processing and the west imposes the process of cultural integration in the world through the media, especially through satellites and visual media and through cultural invasion, slowly achieves its goals, here, with coordination of the concerned bodies and short - term and long - term policies and appropriate patterns we can offer the most effective and the best way to the youths.

1- Statement of the problem:

Out of the most important concerns of Islamic countries, including Iran is the impact of globalization on Muslim’s culture. One of the symbols and cultural expressions in Muslim countries are the issue of individual dress and especially women’s cover which in recent decades coincided with the spread of globalization issue, this problem, has undergone many changes and there are no pervious definitions in this regard. Satellite and telecommunication, has found considerable control on the life of the recent man and has gained significant advantage over other human inventions. The role of the media in today’s life of human is in such a way that if it is eliminated or reduced from his life, he will feel a great emptiness in his life. Modern media technology, through transcending sensual borders and creating a sense of closeness among the citizens of the world, has suggested the idea of creating global ideas and global citizens. Globalization and its effective tools (modern media technology) has had tremendous impact on many aspects of individual and social life and human beings, including women therefore, developing the media and modern technologies (satellite), and providing patterns of treatment and personality led many women to be interested in exotic and non-native patterns . Today’s life, with the increasing pace is on the globalization process and widespread information networks such as satellite and Internet are increasingly promoting the same culture in the world and if we go with ignorance to the challenge of globalization, certainly will admit failure . This research has planed, regarding the young population of the country, to investigate the impact of satellites on the wearing style of the school girls. In this study, the purpose of the satellite is its cultural program, not its physical structure.

2 - Research goals:

1-2- ideal purposes:

Helping to identify the impact of satellite on wearing style of high school girls;
-organizing the diversity of girls’ wearing.

2-2- general goals:

- Identifying the impact of satellite coverage among girls

3.2 Partial goals

Identification of Islamic dress and size and its components;
- the recognition of Factors affecting wearing;
- Identifying the impact of satellite the wearing quality.

4.2 practical purposes

Providing ways to spread the culture of the Islamic dress and culturalization

Research questions:

This study has three main question which is:
1. What impact does the satellite have on high school girls dress?
2. What factors does the satellite have on the wearing of high school girls?
3. What factors are influential on the wearing style high school girls?
4- What are the concepts of Islamic dress and its size and its components?

4. Research Hypotheses

4.1 The main hypothesis:

There is a significant relationship between the satellite and high school girls’ wearing style

4.2 sub-hypotheses

- There is significant relationship between high school girls’ wearing style and the education year (with respect to the effects of satellite culture)
- There is a significant relationship between wearing style of high school girls and the studying subject (with respect to the effects of satellite culture).
Hijab:

1-5 - The literal meaning of hijab:

It can be concluded from the speech of vocabularlists that in Arabic language, hijab is related to a cover that blokes seeing the covered object. Shahid (martyr) Motahari states his findings concerning the meaning of this word. The word also means covering and also a cover and curtain and mainly its usage means curtain, and perhaps we can say based on the word’s origin or dictionary terms, each covering is not veil, but a cover is called which is regarded as being behind the curtain (Motahari, 1367: 430- 429).

2-5- the expression meaning of hijab:

Hijab in sciences such as mysticism and medicine, and perhaps other sciences, has special term. This word, in jurisprudence and in its literal meaning which is the same cover between two things, has been used and no new meaning has been made for it. In recent times, the word has received a special meaning and has regarded as special meaning for women Shahid (martyr) Motahari states. Using the word hijab concerning the women’s cover is a relatively new term. In the old days and especially in the scholars’ terms, the word of “setter” which means coverage has been using. Scholars, whether in the book of “Sālat” or t nikah has protested this issue, they have used the word “setter”, not word of hijab. It was better that this word had not been changed and we have always using the same word. Because, as we noted, the common sense of the word hijab is curtain and if it is being used as cover , it is to the credit of being behind the behind curtain of and this issue has caused that many people have assume that Islam has wanted woman to be behind the curtain and to be imprisoned at home hence, women’s cover in Islam is that the women in her communication with men, to covered her body and avoid of manifestation and glaring.
The Position of cover on human nature:
Undoubtedly, one of the privileges of man compared with other beings is to provide appropriate coverage for their organs. Undoubtedly, the making of clothing to fit human mental and physical characteristics and innately man’s tendency to it, is regarded one of the unique blessings and God’s gifts. The Holy Quran says about the cloth-making: Oh the children of Adam! I have sent you down clothing that covers your body, and gifts you the beauty and clothing of pious is better.

7- 7. The functions of cover:

The category of "cover and concealment of body" as an integral part of human life and original example of hijab, is quite evident issue and needless of adjustment so, for hijab, some applications in two areas of individual and social is imaginable:

7.1 Individual functions:

Out of individual functions of coverage is responding to natural need "self- concealing" and security provision against heat and cold.

7.2 Social Functions

Giving Identity and making social security is regarded of these functions, because the type of cover and hijab is reflecting the traditions, values and beliefs of a society. Islam has introduced hijab out of important examples of social security achievement and challenges have provided important strategies for intellectual mind of individual in community. Woman with elements of the Islamic veil not only has tried to refine, purify and provides nearness to God, but also causes everyday increasing of social security and creating a platform for spiritual growth of the men including, Almighty God, to the Prophet (PBUH) said “"Tell the believing men to cover their eyes from looking at strangers and keep safe their bodies, that is better for cleanliness of their body and soul" (Noor, 30).
The causes for hijab emergence
The emergence of social base for privacy and separation between men and women should not be sought in the desire to mortification (philosophical roots), lack of social security, or feminine behavior (psychological roots) but, the roots of this phenomenon must be sought in instinctive prudence of woman herself. Generally hijab is an issue concerning the roots of woman’s morality and also tendency to cluster and cover.

9. The benefits of Islamic dress:

Hijab and cover have many advantages that here we point to the some important of them:
A) Establishment of psychic peace in the person;
B) the more strength of the family focus
c) Keeping and usefulness of the employer in the community
d) Economical usage
E) The conflict of woman with Islam’s enemies
Including the mentioned advantages, we can name other advantages for hijab and cover, too, which are as follow: Preservation of human values in society, such as chastity, modesty and sobriety and reducing social evils, guidance, control and correct and optimal utilization of human desires and instincts, supply and ensure the health and purity of the population (Mohammadinia, 2002 and so on.

10. Hijab, religious identity:

Veil and cover theological tendency of people of this area, before to be a natural need, is considered a natural issue and even God also has cover. In this worldview, God warns to humanity in not following Satan, confirms the fact that man's evil nature calls him to nudity. Today, veil is the symbol of Iranian Muslim.
2-10 hijab, national identity: Among people and civilizations of antiquity, the covering of Iranian women in comparison to those of other civilizations, have been more perfect. Therefore, in no inscriptions or outstanding picture, you can see Iranian women even with the naked head. Ancient Iranians and old texts and poems also narratives complete coverage of Iranian women.
10-3- hijab, revolutionary identity
Veiled women’s central role in the formation of the Islamic Revolution is obvious to the extent that Imam Khomeini (RA) addresses the veiled women:
You were (the veiled women) who served this movement. You were with the same situation that you're here now, with this situation ran into the streets and helped our movement "(Imam Khomeini (RA), (1979:

11. The relationship between coverage and culture:

The clothing of every man is his national flag, the flag that he has installed on the façade of his house and through it shows which kind of culture he or she is following as each nation with loyalty and respect to its own flag, shows his belief and loyalty to his or her flag as well as his national and political identity and every human, as long as is enchanted by values and notions will not undress the appropriate cloth to hose values and insights (Haddad Adel, 2009: 40). Of the studies that have been conducted, given that, the clothes at least meet the three requirements of man, one that retains him from heat , cold , snow and the rain the other, further, to help him or her in order to maintain modesty and shame, and finally gifts him or her elegance, beauty and grace . The relationship between clothing and culture is so strong that when a foreigner and stranger enter the environment, the first sign that he or she is being known is the clothes. As If people talk to each other by their dress and everyone introduces his/her own through the clothes and says who I am, where I came from and what culture and world I belong to. Man’s clothing first, imitates the culture of his society and then his tendency. Western society today, with the clothes worn by, speaks with us.
If we listen to these words, we will hear the philosophy and culture of the West (ibid: 6-9).

12. The Role of Media:

Today, the major role that the media play is culture, education, information and social participation. Marshall McLuhan believes that technology is the result of the mind and human action but, man in every age and era born out of his time therefore, He calls technology as Divine Comedy. In his view, human beings are guided to earthly paradise that by man made tools releases himself from physical suffering. He claims that the communication method or methods of data transfer and dissemination of the message is not only effective in behavior and the human imaginations but also, in his nervous system and sensory perceptions plays a crucial role. He goes further and says media that is the means for culture transfer has a considerable impact on the culture itself and he proposes this comment by "the medium is the message" (Dadgaran, 1990: 90). . In his view, individual training in the first phase, through epics and legends are orally transmitted to people and secondly, the conduct the steps of conduct transfer of "cultural heritage" by writing specially print are being done. The third phase, which is now started before our eyes is the media that people make, not in the family or on the corner, but also among groups of friends and peers.

13- The satellite:

The idea of making man -made satellite probably returns back to 1870. First, artificial satellite, called Sputnik I on the Fourth of July was launched to the Soviet Union and since then, dozens of satellite has been launched by different countries, too. The Satellite is another form of satellite. The satellite definition has been stated as any man-made object to orbit the Earth, Moon and other special objects. Satellite or man made satellite which in the twentieth century was seen as wondrous phenomenon is still growing and developing so that its future can not be predicted accurately. This new communicative tool due to its ability to obtain news, messaging and video to more remote areas, areas of telecommunications, sending TV and radio programs, broadcasting to predict weather and climate changes, and eventually interfere in military affairs and spying can have superiority on other aspects.

Satellite and its usage:

Now satellites are utilized in various fields, some of these satellites have specialized functions and others provide a variety of available services. The International Telecommunication Union defines the main types of satellite services in the fields of radio and television services, guidance, shipping, air and land, geology, science communication and research as follow:
8- Fixed satellite communication services
9 Mobile satellite communication services
10- Services broadcast by satellite
11- Satellite Service to determine the transmitter stations
From the operational perspective, the satellites are divided into three categories:
A) Applicatory and satellite services
B) Scientific research satellites;
C) military satellites (Spy).
Moreover, military and civilian satellites are divided into two categories.
13-2- satellites in Iran: Past, Present and Future:
From every point of view and with any political and cultural approach the foreign satellite reception equipment and radio television channels in Iran discussed, can be considered undesirable and critical. The risk of moral behavior, especially among young men threatens the families. Perhaps, many policymakers and activists from political and cultural relate the reason of current situation to the law and from this point of view consider law-changing as a solution to the existing situation. In fact, the above rule since its primary design up to know has long been a challenging issue. In contrast, the opponents also noted the reasons such as lack of law enforcement, due to technical improvements and productivity gains. The detailed Study of negotiations show, both supporters and opponents of the banned law did not consider it the absolute end point of the spacecraft situation and even the pros considered it a temporary action so that appropriate opportunity for strengthen and cultural preparation of the systems to be provided. However, since the banned law up to now almost all high-ranking military officials, political figures, cultural, and political parties emphasized on the need for better utilization of satellite and its positive programs and they have advised for practical action to administer the law to collect the receiver sets. The Polls conducted in years 1994 to 2001 shows that most people tend to use satellite programs and consider them fully or conditionally granted for their right in addition, the respondents believed that the most important causes to have tendency to satellites is the weakness and lack of recreational facilities in the quantity and quality of television programs in the community. These tendencies caused multimillion demands for the purchase and use of satellite met by smugglers. In short, we can say that theories voiced by senior military officials, parliamentarians, executives, professionals and people over the past years includes two integrated fundamental principles.
- The need for better utilization of desirable satellite programs
- Combating with the spread and uncontrolled receiving of destructive satellite channels.