Toos City

Toos is a historical city in Razavi Khorasan Province.
History
Through reading the Greek historians writings, it's implied that in the Alchaemenid era, the city of Toos was called Susia and was one of the capitals of the Part in the northeast of the country, i. e.today's Khorasan. Some researchers believe that Susia is in fact today's Toos.
In the 10th century AD, Toos meant a set of hamlets and villages. Moejam Alboldan believed that Toos included 10,000 hamlets and villages. And Kurd Deh Noghan, Kure Deh Taberan and the village of Sanabad which are now located in the city of Mashhad, we're parts of Toos. In 809 AD, Harun Arrashid, and in 818 AD, Imam REZA PBUH, the 8th shiite religious leader, we're buried in there. Geographers call it Toos Province which covered all the plateau of the current Mashhad. Back then, Toos Village was the most important of all.
In the time of Arab geographers the city of Toos was n't important unlike Nishapur which was booming.
Toos like Nishapur was damaged by Toloi, the sun of Genghis Khan, and at the time of Oghdy (Okta) the successor of Ghenghis it was decided to restore the monument and after that it turned into the headquarter for the Mongol commanders. After the collapse of the Mongol in Iran, the places like Toos, Ghuchan, Kalan, Abiverd,Nesa, Vaheh Mary constituted a territory for a small administration led by Amir Arghun Shah, the head of Jun Gharbani Tribe. After him,his sons Muhammad Beig and Ali Beig sat for him. Ali Beig had to obey Timur in 1383 AD. He was sent to Forghaneh and one year after,he was killed.
In 1389 AD. following a riot, a massacre took place in Toos and in the tragic incident about 10,000people were killed. The restoration of the castle mansion was carried out in 1405 AD after the death of Timur. In later eras, Toos is referred to as Mashhad. Later on, Mashhad took place of Toos gradually as a result of its religious importance and became the center of Khorasan Province.
Toos in country divisions
In the past, Toos was known as Taberan Toos and was considered part of the great Toos. Other cities like Sanabad Toos, NuganToos, Taberan Toos are now known as Toos. Although Toos has been left out of these all, but people still call these regions Toos.
Until Bahman, an Iranian month, in 1391, on solar calendar, Toos was a village in Mashhad but following the approval of the high council of Architecture and Urbanization, it was announced as a city, which is under the supervision of Mashhad Municipality.
It's now lead by district 12 in Mashhad.
Historical buildings in Toos
An Indian traveler who was contemporary with Naderi Shah, has written of the gradual immigration of Toos residents into Mashhad. Sani Aldoleh, the minister of Iran, who was called Eetemad Alsaltaneh later on, has quoted the traveler in his book entitled Matlae Alshams and has entirely described the position of Toos ruins. Among the ruins, there is no site which bears a date.
Sani Aldoleh considers as the mosque the walls of the city, in a distance of one Farsakh, and a citadel on the northeast with its huge mansion inside the city. He also always talks of the length, width and height of walls, towers and ruins of other monuments as well.
Inside the citadel, there was a small castle built over an artificial hill. In the above mentioned book, the image of the mosque is also attached. The monument is known as Naghare Khaneh among the Iranian.
Ferzer describes Toos and talks of a small minaret, nearby the mosque, and also of a small dome on top of the Ferdowsi tomb, which was located out of the city neat the southeast gate.
It is quoted that the monument of the dome is attributed to Obeid Allah Khan Bokharai, a statesman, on 16th century AD.
In 1858 AD, when Khanikov traveled to the land, there was no dome and the place was covered with wheat plants. Professor Zhukovsky visited the area in 1890 AD and only witnessed a solitary hill where explorations were carried out. The hill is composed of brick and tile pieces which undoubtedly were the remains of a ruined building.
Perhaps this was what Ferzer had seen and talked of as peasants described it too. The very hill was carved by Asef Aldoleh, then ruler of Khorasan, and surrounded an area through had brick walls. He desired to make a building on it but before doing so he passed away.
In the old days, Imams tombs, i .e. Imam Mohammad Ghazzali, the second author of the famous book of Ehya Oloom Din, and Imam Ahmad Ghazzali was near Ferdowsi Tomb. Ibn Batuteh has mentioned Mohammad Ghazzali in his journey in 14th century but it was destroyed and now there is no remains.
Toos was located on the north of Kashf Rud River. Near the southeast gate of Toos, on the way to Mashhad, there stretched an eight-arched bridge over the river, which is now almost half-round.
Ferzer and Sani Aldoleh have both described the bridge, especially Sani has mentioned the distance between arches. Another bridge lies on the same rive towards down on the way to Kalat and Mashhad, 5 miles from Mashhad, which is in a better condition now. But not completely soundless! It is known as Shah's Bridge.