Art of the Islamic era

Islam which is the World Wide religion had captured Iran, Mesopotamia, Egypt, North Africa, Spain, Syria, India, China and some other parts of the Far East in the seventh and eighth centuries AD and brought them into its unifying government.
The date of the Prophet Muhammad’s Migration (pbuh) from Mecca to Medina that has been put as the source of Muslim date, is accordance with 622 AD. After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the year 11 AH, three Caliphs in the center of Medina obtained the leadership of Muslim community. By accepting the caliphate by Imam Ali (AS) in the year 36 AH, Kufa became the capital and with his death in 40 AD, Moavieh became Caliph and the capital was transferred to Damascus. Moavieh successor was called as Umayyad caliphs that from 41 to 132 AH remained in the caliphate position and then Abbasid was obtained the caliphate position that Baghdad became the capital and continued until the year of 656 AH and in that year their caliphate position was obtained by Halakokhan.
In the Holy Quran the word Islam has said with means absolute religion of God and also means Muhammad’s religion (pbuh). Islam is not only a religion but also is a lifestyle that could bring together people from different races and establish equality among them. Intended cultural unity of Islam must include the realm of artistic creativity.
The conquest of Iran by Arabs Muslim simply was not possible; however, the great Sassanid government was declining and because divorcement, the gap between classes, disputes and competitions among the nobility and the clergy and chaos in the affairs of religion, the country had been on the edge of the abyss. In that period, clerics did not has any hopeful message and religious ceremony was only a limited and formalities. Attempting and trying of some people such as first Yazdgerd, Shapur III and Ghobad was not useful against the expansion of the clergy in the fire place. Magi in addition to the religious state had also the worldly kingdom. This power and wealth cause that they corrupted and the result was that the spirituality and spirituality did not perform. For this reason prior to the emergence and spread of Islam
Zoroastrian religion gradually was giving away and Christianity was prevailing. According to one of the experts, if at that time Islam did not come in Iran, perhaps churches, destroyed temples And settled there instead of them. However, the community of Sassanian despite the apparent order was chaotic and purposeless.
After a series of major wars between Arabs and Iranians, finally Muslims conquest Iran. The Sassanid dynasty, in the year 22 AH (during the caliphate of Umar) was overthrown after the defeat in the war, known as Nahavand. Facing of Arab Muslims with an educated people which had perfect Exemplar developing of art and ancient culture had significant effects and bring the risk of delivery against such a background art.
In all way Iranians turned to Islam and from the beginning separated their account from formal Sunni followers. One of the reasons that Iranians did not accept Islam with open arms was this that they were monotheist. They were not pagans and infidels and idol worship but worshiped a god called Ahura Mazda. It is known that Imam Hussein bin Ali (AS) Daughter of the last Sassanid king who was captured during the invasion of Iran, marriage with her and in this respect Imams were the inheritors of the legacy of the Iranian monarchy.
Abbasid victory took place because of Iranian help and their enmity with the Umayyad. During the rule of the Abbasids, Iranian culture and civilization had extraordinary influence into the Islamic civilization. Even Abbasids chose Baghdad as their capital which was near the Ctesiphon that was the Sassanian capital. In the Abbasid caliphate era especially at the time of Mammon, the scientific movement, Literary and art began in Baghdad and Iranians played a major role in this movement.
Then Samanian and Saffarian became independent in the east of Iran and then turn to the Ghaznavian that they in addition to the east of Iran, attached Afghanistan and part of India to their possessions. Seljuks after overcoming to Ghaznavian also added the western countries Asia Minor, Syria and Iraq to the possessions of Ghaznavian and was recognized their monarchy in Iran by Khalifa of that time.
With the victory of the Muslim Arabs and the extinction of the Sassanian Empire, a new era was began in the history of art in Iran. During the next centuries ethnic of Turks, Mogul, Afghan were dominated on this lands; But the Iranian cultural traditions in art, not only get influence from Islamic culture and civilization, but also crossed the path of its own development. At first, Iranian Muslim artists and craftsmen brought the Sassanian art features in their works. Early mosques were built according to current models in other Muslim communities. But from the fourth century AH particular style of architecture of mosques performed according to the traditions of Iran. Iranians quickly got value from the decorative Arabic script and a variety of its own decorative designs created.
At this time, It is thought that trying to represent real people is blasphemous insults rather to the right of divine creation. Popular sanctions of visual Arts in the Muslim world has nothing to do with the Quran and the field of this sanctions to a large extent got back to define of the role of the arts in the bone structure of the Islamic community. Discussion and debate about iconoclasm which swallow the Christian world in severe religious conflict was settled until the middle of the ninth century, had a very important role in the organizations of Islamic theory. It seems that outstanding artists, always had Understanding and full knowledge about the conditions which the tradition imposed and provided the spiritual message the Quran. But this hardening did not stop visual art and the artist's imagination turned into designs and images. Finally, these beautiful images and rich color patterns are indebted to Islam which created space in which artists take on worldly issues and is on the sphere of vision and his imaginary line and color.
Religions which were ruling later in Islamic countries, in his interpretation, showed more tolerance about the ban and the prohibition of icons. They got allow for paintings the face of people and events if it did not have any relation to religion.