Analysis of learning styles in Razavi conduct

Abstract

This study intends to analyze the practices of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), his teaching style to examine, with the aim of drawing a pattern from Razavi conduct, in making the humanities, a step in the understanding is lifted. The native of academic science, particularly in the humanities is essential to preserve the national culture, education styles Imams (peace be upon them), can be beneficial. This study was descriptive and qualitative approach, using discourse analysis of documents and stories quoted from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) has been done. Knowledge needed for this research by reading books and articles with an emphasis on Uyun Akhbar alreza (peace be upon him) has been collected. The results indicate that Razavi conduct in the training, using the rational method and the use of styles debate, a great success in educating and promoting the commandments, even when the expression of theological, intellectual and philosophical splendor achieved and in developing talents and the progress of science and knowledge, played a significant role. This can inspire us to develop a native model for make a effective teaching style.
Keywords: Razavi conduct, learning styles, methods of rational, debate.

Introduction

Life Imams (peace be upon them) in all its dimensions, it is true to His followers can be model for choose a way of complete life. Introducing various aspects of life imams in this generation, religious and humanitarian duty of all those who are somehow involved in the promotion and cultural education or bear responsibility. The privacy of our society today that spiritual and human exposure to malicious attack non-Muslim cultures placed particular emphasis on indigenous knowledge, particularly in the humanities, is necessary. This study aims to examine the style and tradition of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), as scholar Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) is with this purpose that the discourse analysis stories quoted from the Prophet and identified important components in their teaching style, to represent part of his teaching method focuses on drawing a scientific method for localizing the humanities in the country, a step to be taken.
About Razavi conduct, articles and books that have been written, but few studies of the scientific conduct, have been given. Spenchy et al (1390), in a study entitled "persuasion and attitude change its position in relation impeccable Imams (peace be upon them), has written an overview of the debates of Imam Reza (peace be upon him)," a dialectic way of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with an approach out of faith and in this context to explain the ideas in the field of human communication dealt with the theme of persuasion. In this study, the frequency of debate ways of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), based on the comparative nature of the work is theoretical persuasion, is studied. Majidi (1392), in an article entitled "Discourse Analysis debates Imam Reza (peace be upon him)", to answer this question is that from the perspective of discourse analysis, debate with others how he analyzed? Using this method, the corners in terms of language and the position of the parties to the dialogue open? Features and capabilities of debates Imam Reza (peace be upon him) as a form of communication and is religious propaganda?
Based on the findings, the precision of his discussions with representatives of other religions and sects with focus on vocabulary, perspective, metaphor, historical consistency, quotes and structural stress, reflects the fact that despite his vindication and refuted claims the debate, the conflict morality evasin discourse, beware remained in perfect clarity, accuracy, courtesy and respect, the debate on the area to show leadership and have become the prophet of Islam. Yahya Mir-Hosseini and colleagues (1392), in an article entitled "The face of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with religious, Islamic sects," coping strategies of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with various different studies and Have reached the conclusion that the Prophet of Islam as the greatest thinker of his time and leadership to confront the Shiite religious intellectual and eclectic ideas and atheistic stance against paid And for this purpose at the beginning of the debate and the dialogue used in the second phase, deviant beliefs put into pathology.
Another tool was used by the Prophet, interpretation texts that their appearance had caused misunderstanding. The fourth tool from which the weapons were words, prayer is praying. If none of the four methods were effective, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in order not to release an eclectic mind getting the social limit. In a study entitled "The knowledge base of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in reform and training of his period science", Sobhaninejad and Norozi (1388), to review scientific movements index of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with aim to form and facilitate scientific flourishing age population as well as some of the most concrete examples of effects and impacts of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) at that time and to this conclusion that interest in the development of different science, the creation of space for dissenting views scheme, promotion of rational discussion debate, the establishment of scientific fields in Baghdad, Medina and Kufa and multiple compilations in different areas of the scientific strategies of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), respectively. "The scientific debate on the conduct of training Imams (peace be upon them) Case Study: scientific debates of Imam Reza (peace be upon him)", another study by Ardakani Hashemi et al (1387) was performed. In this study pattern provided practical debate and debate him as an effective teaching method is studied.
This study intends to analyze the discourse of the stories quoted from Imam Reza (peace be upon him), an important component of his teaching style identifies and analyzes.

Analysis of conversation

Word conversation whose history according to some sources, dates back to the fourteenth century, the French term discours and Latin discursus means of dialogue, conversation, speech and the word discursum / discurrer meant to dodge, to refuse to do, and greedily delay ... is taken. The term of the Persian language measurement of speech, word analysis and discourse analysis have been translated, for the first time in 1952 in an article a famous English language called Zoellick Harris was used. Zoellick Harris discourse analysis, at just formalist and structuralist the view that the form and function of the text and not to its attention. Neon andryaous van Daiek, linguist Dutch, one of the most important thinkers in this area is. Other scholars have considered the discourse analysis of the methods and different levels of discourse studies were considered, such as Norman Fairclough pointed out.
After Harris, many linguists give discourse analysis opposite the analysis of the applicable text. In their view, discourse analysis, including analysis of spoken language (for example, talks and presentations), but text analysis, including analysis of written language (such as articles, stories and propositions). However, others believe, discourse analysis, the analysis covers the everyday language and written text analysis. Another point of difference is that the content analysis, discourse analysis, distinguishes, on the grounds that methodology, meaning that the method of "discourse analysis" is qualitative, while the "content analysis" is a quantitative method based on the measurement of something One example is measured. The purpose is mainly explained discourse analysis of qualitative data, not quantitative data. Another point is that content analysis is mainly based on observable and calculable data such as words, phrases and sentences based discourse analysis focuses on semantic structures and assumptions, connections, implications and strategies is clear. In other words, instead of counting on discourse analysis and statistical values applied to text dealing with semantics. In fact, discourse analysis as a qualitative analysis of patterns, very distant horizons follows.
Look structuralist discourse causes, unlike traditional linguistic analysis, only the syntactic and lexical elements such as the main constituent is not considered on the meaning, but out of context, the situational context, cultural, social, political, etc. The importance of communication is crucial.
The discourse analysis as a new way to research the link text is the result of the study of language as a social phenomenon or a sociological approach to the issue of language and implies that the text is a social issue, the social relations within and not outside and independent of, the development is. The present study intends to provide scientific discourse analysis tradition of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) according to the social context in which the discourse is conducted in bed, he received another offer from the scientific method. Hence, it is relevant before entering the discussion, reflecting the social and political conditions in which he lived had. This point is a better understanding of the style of training that will be useful Imam.
Social and political conditions of Imam Reza (peace be upon him)
Imams (peace be upon them), due to the character of the spiritual influence on the people, to the caliphs and rulers of his time, were considered to be high risk. Therefore each user according to their own time, in a way to isolate the leaders to conspiracy and trick or killed them. Ma'mun, including caliphs that according to scientific conditions prevailing in their courses, with the aim of questioning the academic ability of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and his bad reputation, he sought with scholars and religious leaders and renowned scholars , involved in the scientific and religious debates. Basically, the caliphs and rulers, to achieve its political objectives, to encourage scholars were age. By the way, many of his maps made through the practical scientists, while showing the world your love of science and scientists dominate to give and if the area they feared, to get rid of them by any means were used. Ma'mun aimed to quell the uprising Alevis and attract their, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) from Medina to his government position, before approaching his ruthless behavior and granting legitimacy to his province, only because of uprisings and protests were Alevis, who claimed to usurp the caliphate, eliminate, but this ruse to justify his face and scientific prestige he took the defeat.
Long Imam Reza (peace be upon him), was about twenty years the first ten years of the reign of Haroon, five years after the reign of Caliph al-Ma'mun Amin and coincides with the last five years. In that period the tendency of Islamic society and academic circles to discuss religious, philosophical and theological discussions indicate progression in the field of Islamic circles and the spirit of explorers among Muslims. Migration and the presence of different nationalities in a vast geography that day Islamic country, with a plurality of different imams, religion, thought and conscience and intellectual crisis due to the inclusion of different nations in the land of Islam had encountered.
Since Ma'mun was ordered to translate the Greek philosophical books, awards for translators, many scientists were aware of their books of Greek philosophy was translated into Arabic. For this reason, perhaps the period of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) period of intellectual and philosophical texts from Greek into Arabic and Greek philosophy to the Islamic community's Log thinking, because Greek philosophy, which is mainly derived from the opinions and ideas of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle had entered into open discussion between religions and Islamic scientific circles through the mobility of academic debate. Although some believe, Ma'mun to deal with the thoughts of the Imams (peace be upon them) and attack the beliefs of Muslims, that Islam did it to fate as Christianity is distorted, however, this scientific activity, which led to the formation conditions The term "translation movement" became famous. Thus, although the field of inter-religious dialogue within the Muslim community, from the time of Imam Sadiqh (peace be upon him) a growing institution, but in the time of Harun and Ma'mun and Abbas reached its peak and Doctrinal and Theological discussions and scientific debates, double splendour found. Three fundamental reason, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) was at the center of this debate:
1. Doubts the intrigue Vaghefiyeh about Imam Reza (peace be upon him) raised.
2. Barmakids destruction, one of the main enemies of Ahle Bayt (peace be upon them) in the Haron that led to the opportunity for publication of Ahle Bayt (peace be upon them) is provided.
3-Province Imam Reza (peace be upon him) to take notice of them, especially the Abbasi Mamun unable to show his intent, attempting to hold meetings of religious leaders and scholars debate with different religions had. The community, in turn, his focus was scientific. This debate is an opportunity to discuss these teachings and religions and points of differentiation of the two parties to be evaluated. In fact, he could take advantage of the political situation there and open the political space to express and disseminate their culture of Islam.

Research Methodology

The method used in this study is qualitative and the way of discourse analysis, stylistics training in scientific biography of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) is examined. As noted, discourse analysis, analyst at check a text from the text itself goes into a tissue or a text field is, on the one hand, the relationships within the text and on the other hand, state organs, social, political and Historic pages. The research library has been collecting information needed, and discourse analysis and debate by quoting the Prophet with the leaders and followers of religions, especially with reference to texts Uyun Akhbar alreza (peace be upon him), to study Razavi conduct in education will be discussed.

The main research question

Razavi conduct in education, given the circumstances at the time, of what had elements that promote Islamic law by making him succeed?

Sub questions

1) Personality traits of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), an important factor in the success of his sire is.
2) Adopt a rational way, given the circumstances at the time, the best way to explain and promote Islamic teachings.
3) Using the face of debate and discussion, the attention of the people of knowledge and the promotion of Islamic law has been extraordinary.

Data analysis

First hypothesis:

Personality of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), an important factor in the success of his sire was.

Personality of Imam Reza (peace be upon him)

Imam Reza (peace be upon him), on the one hand, in terms of human and moral qualities and on the other hand, because of the high command of the sciences such as philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, interpretation, tradition, astronomy and medicine, has a unique character Individual enjoyed. Moral character of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) was so influential that he gave the word. Polite and kind, calm tone, his eloquence in speaking, avoiding bragged, avoiding willful, integrity and honesty, openness, tolerance, respect for the other side in the debate and listen to Without them stop talking, even if their beliefs did not agree to refrain from degrading treatment and encourage people to science education, are only some of his moral character. Justice and fairness on the part of his speech can be found in his debate with Omran Saby see. When the Omran Saby to questions asked Imam, Imam said: Ask, but be fair and falsehood and falsehood Avoid. Jafar. Ben Naim bin Shazan about the personality of Imam (peace be upon him) has narrated: Never saw Imam Reza (peace be upon him) with verbal speech, to persecute anyone or coarseness; and he never saw him hang up, wait for him to hand, speech, and then, if necessary, see all, say the word. Imam Reza (peace be upon him), patience, knowledge and silence is considered a sign of the supreme leader and were always inviting people to it. He is also mentioned in the description of humility so that he said the same thing everyone is so poor Muslim greeting which vary greetings on the rich, the Lord's Resurrection, will meet him angry. Another version of bragged about his ban that has been quoted by Abdul Salam ebn Saleh haravi. According to this tradition, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) said: those who teach something to argue with stupid people, or with scholars and a group of people to self-conceit, we, the people of hell. Having such virtues of the Imam gave an extraordinary personality.
Aside from these features, the leader in terms of cleanliness and appearance, so good, right in the community were present. Muammar ebne al-Khlad the Prophet narrated that a man is not worthy of any day, to leave a good scent, if it is not possible every day, every other day her perfume and if the amount cannot be in every Friday to do It loves attention and don’t leave it. The human characteristics of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the inclination and the only people to fellowship with them, on the one hand and on the other hand was the influence of his words.

The second hypothesis:

Adopt a rational way, given the circumstances at the time, the best way to explain and promote Islamic teachings.
Using rational, evidence-based trust, and respect human persuasion.

Rational method

Practice the principles of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), to guide people, encouraging them to be rational reasoning and argument. In this regard, they are companions and his followers to accept or reject the thoughts and ideas of acceleration would warn other religion. Hamdan Divani told, Imam said: Human’s friend is his intellect and his enemy is ignorance. the debate to discuss ways by itself cannot support the fact that the Imam (peace be upon him) to respond to the doubts and uncertainties of rational methods was used. Reflecting on his discussions with the opposition Islamic and non-Islamic religion and theologians, to this point, we find that his practice in the debate, did not know the beliefs of Islam and its supposed basis for discussion or try to make it to the party imposition, but through rational argument and by focusing on common religious beliefs, or according to their themes in scripture - the Torat, the Gospel and had been addressed to the debate. His argument was strong enough to force the audience to it, be forfeited his and his scientific status were submitted. Rational defense of religion in debates Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the story of the place is great wisdom in the conduct of his behavior. All his words to prove his claim, the principle or principles have been logical. The introduction of rational methods by Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the advice comes from God for wisdom, because the Qur'an when he speaks of the creation and matters of faith, thinking everyone to read. Moreover, in the Abbasi period, the general trend of thought from the community was based on rationalism and reflect these ideas, people also tend to these sciences was made. Philosophy of Religion Imam even with rational arguments were explained, for example, the prohibition of nutrition and health for ethical reasons cited was the pork.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) by adopting rational debate on the motion of scientific rationality led to major scientific breakthrough in the history of Islam and thus created, against Mamun threatening situation into an opportunity to promote and Spreading Islam and became a province discourse.
Confidence-building with the emphasis on documentation
An effective argument requires building trust and confidence the opposite side of this matter is that what is said, documented and validated, and by reference to what is accepted as is. Imam Reza (peace be upon him), the same method used and beliefs with respect to the subject of the debate, his speech made documentary sources acceptable to the other side. Ebne Baboyeh at Uyun Akhbar alreza (peace be upon him) Imam debate by referring to the unity of the people of other religions, shows that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) addressed directly to reliable sources (books of heaven) or statements they make their cases were referred For example, Imam in debate with Catholicos to prove the gospel prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny), in Christianity, to quote from Yohana Dailami explains to acknowledge the Catholicos, the most popular one with Christ were. Within religious debates Imam (peace be upon him), the Qur'an and the traditions of the nobles who had, according to these sources, the other party to discuss pay. Examples of these debates in the book of Sheikh Saduq, including his debate with Mamun about the difference between "family" and "community" .Thus, Imam (peace be upon him), with based speech would trust the other side to his arguments, was.

Eghna

Eghna, the basic tools in human relationships and to better express specific human relations. Eghna through attitudinal change in the other shaped. In other words, the natural process of Eghna, reasonable and rational on the one hand and on the other hand is the emotional heart; it simply is not abuse or mental disability, idea or message is not imposed. Eghna, requires a change in mind, accepting the request, thoughtful and self-building. The method of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in discussions and debates, it would be based on persuasion and for this purpose, in the words of the other side to reach more audience and better understand her experience, careful listening his calling. It was so effective that even some of the parties debate at the end of the debate, to resort to Islam. In one of the dialogues and debates, scholars and philosophers Omran Saby Imam, at the end of Islam.
Imam (peace be upon him) the accountability of non-religious debates, in many cases Ma'mun answered questions and he was so convinced that he was forced to confess to science. In this regard, a case can be noted that after the call of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) Maamoun questions about reincarnation and metamorphosis of those seen and shows how Mamoun, opened his admirers said, Abol Hasan! God then you keep me alive. I swear to God, true knowledge is found only with your family and all your fathers know, once you have reached.
Method of Eghna in the discussions, due to the splendor of the word at the time was to attract the attention of those interested in Islamic sciences, so that even the arrival of Imam (peace be upon him) to the city of Neishabur, one of the capitals of the Islamic world at that time can traditions because all scholars of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) is traditions was based on reason and Eghna.

Third Hypothesis:

Using face debate and discussion, the attention of the people of knowledge and the promotion of Islamic law has been extraordinary.
The creation of scientific school of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in Medina, writing books and religious beliefs, and participate in discussion boards with different sects, some of the most important of his efforts in promoting Islamic culture and Islamic Sciences has estimated that from his discussions of fame and a special effect. His scientific manner in the debates, meet the point about value in terms of behavior and academic discourse. Debate as an efficient method in the debate, and its importance has been long maintained today. The literal meaning of the word: as someone or something to become one to another like Wield, together discuss, argue and quarrel with each other and discuss with each other the truth and the nature of what .Speaking in the debate on both sides trying to use certain premises and accepted by the other side, so that violations can be difficult, and in some cases lead more to prove themselves and prove virtue on others. Debate, as a persuasive tool in interpersonal relationships, context necessary to offer and provide design ideas and different perspectives. Imam Reza (peace be upon him), when to meet and debate with the heads of various sects in religion and religious cross-examined most of them using the open space created by Mamoun is theorized ideas and promoting the beliefs. Under such circumstances the expansion of deviations, eclecticism and beliefs among Muslims was wrong.
Debaters exact name is not mentioned in any book and the names of Catholicos, Raso Aljahot, Harbz and the like as officials of their own religion, have for example, the Catholicos Patriarch of Christians in Iran. Although Imam Debate, but seven of them are more important. Sheikh Saduq, at Uyun Akhbar alreza (peace be upon him), the debates brought him four important debate Imam (peace be upon him) leaders and leaders of other religions were as follows:
1) Debate with Catholicos, head of the bishops and leader of the Christians.
2) The debate with the Raso of Aljahot (as Jewish scientist).
3) Debate with Harbz Akbar (as the great leader of the Zoroastrian religion).
4) Debate with Omran Saby (big followers of John the Baptist)
Ma'mun to create doubt in the minds of people about the laws and teachings of Islam and away from Imam Reza (peace be upon him), parliament held debates and religious leaders, scientists, philosophers and theologians to debate with him is great Eaves invited. After Mary became Imam, Fazle ebn Sahl al minister, in charge of organizing a debate between imams and religious leaders and scientists. Fazle ebn Sahl also great Jaslyq- Christian, Jewish Raso Aljahot, and the greats of Sabyan- group of people of the book, and Harbz Akbar great of Zoroastrians, and philosophers and theologians called and gathered in the chamber. As the debate in the Uyun Akhbar alreza (peace be upon him) said. Indicates the intention of holding this meeting and Mamun I regret doing so because of his success in this debate, because this debate rather than cause disruption and confusion in society, strengthening of Islamic scholars.
Imam Reza (peace be upon him) never remain silent in the face of other religious beliefs and views did not allowed, but the interaction between the right and argue on the basis of their views felt. Strong individual character and scientific character of the Prophet, in the management of a particular style (debate) training and promotion of religious and mobility and prosperity of that era, played a significant role. Among the Shi'a Imams (peace be upon them), had four opportunities to spread Islam, Imam Ali, Imam al-Baqir, Imam Sadeq and Imam Reza (peace be upon them). Although all leaders in science publishing attempted, but the conditions for the four men were more prepared than others. In the meantime, the best course for Interreligious Dialogue, the period of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and why the universe was known al Mohamad. His domination of religion and the scriptures as well as sciences such as philosophy, theology, jurisprudence, interpretation, tradition, astronomy and medicine, had given them a unique scientific reputation, so that his book, in medical and special features and caused Ma'mun ordered it with gold writing. Thus, this book is a treatise called Zahbiyeh.
Moreover, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) knew all the words and languages, peoples and nations and ethnic languages and dialects themselves guided by their own language, everyone he spoke, which is very effective debate and was made public by surprise. It is now in theories of communication, including messages from the perspective of the impact of the message is important. Direct communication between the two sides discussed language, speak, because the ups and downs of the word and tone, transfer emotional load that will be discussed to provide a better understanding of the disease. The proficiency and science, debate and resolve an astonishing influence witnesses and participants of the meeting put and solve a lot of problems and ambiguities makes it easy. Imam academic image is so clear and obvious that even enemies had to admit loan. Raja ebne Zahhak that al-Ma'mun appointed him to Imam Reza (peace be upon him) had to Marv, narrated that when he returned from the trip and the visit of Imam al-during what was seen, however, Mamun said. Yes, son of Zahhak! The man is the best people on earth, and of all his knowledge further and further His service and further his praying in time and it’s true, then what you have seen, do not tell anyone ... Ibrahim ebne Abbas said he (Imam Reza (peace be upon him) aware In history, the first time anyone has seen its day and Maamoun with the question of all, try to sort him out and he was right.
Therefore, the scientific level of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) along with their behavioral characteristics and spoken in debates and discussions can be an important factor in his success is that the intention of tarnishing the reputation of Imam held by Mamun.

Conclusion

In this study, a biography of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), and discourse analysis documents and materials related to them, with an emphasis on Uyun Akhbar alreza (peace be upon him), was evaluated in the following dimensions:
1) social, political, scientific and cultural era of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), according to the social context in discourse analysis;
2) individual characteristics and moral Imam (peace be upon him) and their scientific personality as one of the determining factors in Razavi conduct in general and their educational practice specifically;
3) Properties of the rational method of education and persuasion of Imam Reza (peace be upon him);
4) Training tool based on the debate in his teaching style.
Discourse analysis of the stories quoted from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) showed, success Razavi conduct on the transfer of science and knowledge, depend on three main factors in this study in three hypothesis was raised. The first related to individual characteristics and personality of Imam Reza (peace be upon him), respectively. His speech and behavioral characteristics as well as their appearance clean and neat, the people of the chance to speak with Imam (peace be upon him) and participate in discussion boards were increasingly interested, so it is necessary for the dynamics of knowledge and science teachers are also human characteristics and moral and with it the time needed to equip science. As mentioned in this article, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) features in terms of individual and social ethics which should be emphasized, is not attainable for desires culture and education in our country and with little self and meditation can be achieved.
On the other hand, social and political conditions Imam (peace be upon him), which seeks to promote and transfer their knowledge of rationality and method of Eghna is a matter of confidence regarding the situation provides prince for them, a very efficient tool was. This is not necessary in our educational system status and even the university students are expected to only what is said, to remember. Finally, the Imam (peace be upon him), to transfer the debate Islamic teachings in circumstances that undermine the image to make al Imam (peace be upon him), leaders and leaders of different faiths to discuss calls with them, the best opportunity for knowledge dissemination and knowledge He was. This style of training, the social conditions of the day, the pilot plant was difficult to pass and made one of the most dynamic centers in the land of Khorasan Shiite his feet. It should be noted that this type of credit is very important in today's world and in particular for our scientific community is a good example. Light-based debate, persuasion and rationality, a style that today education system in our country, especially at the university level, it is hard to need. Native model designed for different levels of education in this style can be inspired by our educational system by creating mobility through the exchange of opinions, ideas from the passivity in the face of imports, especially in the humanities save.