Bojnord City

Bojnord, Middle Persian: Bijan Gerd and after Islam Buzanjerd, is the center of North Khorasan Province on the northeast of Iran at the foothills of Ala Dagh Mountain range.
Among the large cities of Khorasan, the city 's population was over 199, 791 in 1390, solar calendar. Therefore it ranks 44th throughout the country.Bojnord neighbors Shirvan, Esfarayen, and Ashkhaneh. Among the locals it is pronounced Bozhnord.
Philosophy of its naming
In old resources and word books, the city has been mentioned as Bizhan (Bijan) Gerd or Bizhan Yord.
Bizhan Gerd means built by Bijan. The suffix Gerd was used in many Iranian cities in ancient times; cities like Borojerd (Borogerd), Dastjerd (Dastgerd), Susangerd, Darabgerd, Malazgirt (east of today's Turkey) etc.
The suffix Gerd like Kert entered the Armenian from ancient Persian. Kert is found in many cities of Armenia like Stepanakert.
Bijan Gerd was a place where Manijeh saved Bijan taking him out of the well and he built a city over there (according to an anecdote in Shahname by Ferdowsi.)
Among other names of Bojnord are Kohneh Kand and Charmghan, remains of which still exist; a historical place in the south of Bojnord and in the vicinity of Maesum Zadeh.
History
The current city of Bojnord was founded by Tolui Khan II about 1100 AH, 1689 AD, one of the rulers of Shadlu Tribe and after the plot by Hassan Khan Salar , was hardly damaged in 1263 AH, 1847 AD. It was restored again by the children of Tolui Khan.
Before the current city came into existence the center of the region was a place known as Jermgan which was destroyed after the invasion of the Mongol. The ancient hills in Charmghan on the edge of the current Bojnord are the remains of the city. Charmghan means Chah Ar Mogh which means a well creating the bright river.
Apparently , Jermgan was a small flourishing township and the present Bojnord was made nearby. Today, the limits of the township indicates its ancient history. It boomed in the first centuries of Islam.
According to historical texts from the 5th to 8th centuries, a large part of Bojnord was residential. In the beginning of Mongols presence and Timurid era, Bojnord suffered extreme damage. The results of research and studies on the expanse of the ancient region shows that the recognized areas belong to Mesolithic era in the 4th millennium and go up to the fist millennium BC. They play a great role in the formation of early settlements on the bank of Atrak River.
The region, in the Medes and Alchaemenid eras were part of Satrapi Part and as of the Parthians era, a couple of habitable areas have been recognized; 8 in Raz and Jargalan, 3 in the central district and 5 in the towns of Maneh and Samalqan.
Among the highlights in North Khorasan is the stone monument known as Aspakho Fire Temple, in the Sassanid era.
Bojnord communicated with other parts of Iran socially and culturally in the beginning of Islam and has been influenced by them.
In the era, a wide area of the region was green and residential. The author of Sistan's History writes that the current Bojnord was part of Nesa Land and in the beginning of the second century AH, the region was a part of the large territory of Taherid Dynasty.
Ibn Abu Asibeh says, Abu Ali Sina left the court of Ali Bin Maemun in Kharazm and then went over to Tus, Shoghan, Tabar, Samalqan, Jajarm and finally to Jorjan.
Also the anonymous author of Hodud Alalam is among the first people who talks of Charmghan. Moghaddas calls it a part of Nesa Land.
Biu Vanjahan Verd is a city where he made it at the order of Hoormazd. Verd means city. The origin goes like this, Biu Vanjahan Verd, Bojen Yord, Bijan Yord, Bojnord.
Location
Bojnord extends north to Turkmenistan, northeast to southeast to the cities of Shirvan and Esfarayen, southwest to northwest to Jajarm, Ashkhaneh and Raz.
Natural geography
Bojnord, the center of North Khorasan, covers an area of 36 square km and is located at a longitude of 57° 20' and latitude of 37°28' in the south of Koppeh Dagh Mountain, East of Ala Dagh, North of Alborz Mountain range.
.
Bojnord stands at an altitude of 1,070 m above sea level and is 821 km from Tehran.
Climate
Generally it is mountainous mild so it's summers are rather mild with cold winters.