The jurisprudents of Islam

Ali, known as Zia Al-Din and the child of Akhund Mola Muhammad Kabir Soltan Abedi was born in the childhood of Hesar Ghadam Soltan Abad in Arak. Molla Muhammad, the father of Zia, was a great scientist and an independent jurisprudent. He as the student of Akhund Khorasani Ayatollah Seyed Muhammad Shafei Al-Din Jabloghi had a great rank in science and was well known as a pious and devout person. Getting permission from Shfei Al-Din Japloghi, he has remembered him as a knowledgeable scientist, a researcher and one of reliable heads and judges. Ayatollah Araki narrates from his father
'' Akhund Kabir Artazghesh farmed a land around Soltan Abadarak and earned his expanses by it. One day, when they had gathered the products of the land in the harvest, there were also other harvests around it, someone fired intentionally or unintentionally around there. Since it was blowing and the harvests were dry, the harvests fired as soon as the fire approached them. Finally all of the harvests fired. Someone said to Akhund '' why have you sat? Your harvest was about to fire. As soon as Akhund Muhammad heard this, he picked up aba and the Quran and went toward the desert. Then he stood up in the front of the fire with the Quran in his hand and said '' O' fire! This is the bread of my family. I swear you to this Quran; do not fire this harvest. My father said '' all of the harvest fired and only their ashes remained except mine. Everyone that saw this shocked and wondered why that harvest did not fire''. They did not know its reason, but I knew it. My father, deceased Zia, was such a person. Ayatollah Al-Ozma Araki said about the reason of the journey of Zia to Isfahan
'' The father of deceased Zia passed away in the age of eighty years old when Mr. Zia was twelve years old. My father also had two sisters.
Haj Semsam Al-Molki was the owner of a lot of lands and estates, so he had enough knowledge about sciences.
Deceased Sheikh stated '' I was teaching in the school of Hassan Khan in Karbala. Semsam Al-Molk had come to visit the holy shrine. He was learning from me for a week and during this time, we were discussing about Esteshab and mentioning the word'' La Tanghas Al-Yaghin Belshak''. He said at the end of the week '' I praise the person that said a word, but we discussed about it for a week. Although he was the owner of a lot of lands and estates, he was a knowledgeable person. Semam Al-Molk came to the house of Mola Muhammad Al-Kabir, the father of deceased Zia Iraqi, again and had scientific remarks with him. After Akhund Mola Muhammad Kabir passed away, he imagined that he could learn scientific matters from his son. In that time, Zia was twenty four years old and could not teach well. Haj Semsam Al-Molk said '' the house of Akhund closed''. My father narrated that Mr. Zia stated '' the remark Semsan Al-Molk made him very sad, so he went to Isfan and Najaf. Only this sentence '' the house of Akhund closed'' made him study hard and diligently and achieved to scientific and religious ranks.
Mr. Zia Al-Din was in the theological school of Isfahan for six years and his great instructors were:

1. Mr. Seyed Muhammad Hashem Chahar Sughi; 2. Mirza Jahangir Khan Ghashghai 3. Mirza Abu Al-Maali Kalbasi 4. Akhund Mola Muhammad Kashi
He learned the courses of advance level of jurisprudence, principles, philosophy and during the year of 1307 Gh, he migrated Iraq and at first went to Samera that was the centre of assembly of clergymen and Dar Al-Elm. He solved the problems of people as a judge for a while. After few months later, he refused to judge among people anymore and left Smera with informing of the fame of Mirza Habibollah Rashti and went to Najaf. He stayed in the important theological school and the centre of science forever.

Zia Al-Din was teaching when he was studying at university. He was one of the best instructors and the manager of instructors in his own era. After his instructor, Akhund Khorasani, passed away, he constituted an independent teaching centre and was well known as a great instructor, an exact researcher and an expert that is well familiar with the ideas and the last principles of jurisprudence. A lot of researchers and scholars came to him and benefited from his knowledge and sciences. His exactness and knowledge were perfect, especially in teaching the science of principles that were done with analyzing the ideas of others. This distinguished him from others. He taught thirty years (until the end of his life). He taught several courses of the principles of jurisprudence and a week about the matters of jurisprudences and the writings of Mr. Reza Farhani (1250-1322 Gh). He could train sixty Mojtaheds that were beneficial for different cities.

His high knowledge in relation to scientific discussions, his skill in transferring scientific matters and points, attention to the past ideas and students, enough answers to scientific questions, a great deal of students and their wonderful creativity in presenting matters are the features of his teaching. He wrote whatever he taught even thought he had written some lessons over and over again.
Among the persons that shared knowledge with Mr. Zia, we can mention the name of Sheikh Abdullah Golpayegani that was a knowledgeable jurisprudent and an exact Mojtahed.
One of features of the period of teaching of Mr. Zia in Najaf was that the prominent personalities were teaching and training clergymen in the theological school of Najaf. The best clergymen that were influenced by their instructors directly or indirectly were the students of Zia.
The famous persons in the time of Zia are Ayatollah Seyed Abu Al-Hasan Isfahani, Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Isfahani known as Kompani and Mirza Naini.
Zia Al-Din and other scientists were in the new courses of science and principles and their foundation was Vahid Behbahani. The principled researches done were more preferable than researches related to eleven centuries ago from the aspects of quality and quantity. Some unique books such as ''Faraed Al-Osul'' (written by Sheikh Ansari) and '' Kafaye Al-Osul'' (written by Akhund Khorasani) prove this claim.
Zia, Muhammad Hussein Isfahani and others completed the development that Sheikh Ansari created after Vahid Behbahani and promoted the science of the principle of jurisprudence.

The principle of jurisprudence is the best course in Ijtehad and Sheikh Ansari started this course.
He and his students tried a lot to complete the activities of jurisprudents of the previous courses directly or indirectly and improved Ijtehad perfectly. Sheikh Ansari showed the way of correct interpretation with his considerations and researches. The books that he wrote, especially two important works '' Makaseb'' and '' Resael'', are the books of advanced level of theological schools that are still taught.
The way of teaching of Zia is like Sheikh Ansari. He used common elements of Ijtehad and principled structures in his discussions. The name of Mr. Zia Al-Din Iraqi is always mentioned among wherever the names of great men and founders in books and discussion among the Shiite scientists about revitalizing the science of principles and their effect on the development of this science are mentioned.
Because of the effective presence of Mr. Zia Al-Din Iraqi in teaching over years, hundred scientists, jurisprudents and prominent scholars benefited from scientific sessions. Mojtaheds in Iran and Iraq are his students directly or indirectly. Among his students, there are persons that are more devout and knowledgeable than others. in this part, their names will be mentioned: 1. Ayatollah Seyed Mohsen Hakim; 2. Ayatollah Seyed Muhammad Taghi Khansari; 3. Ayatollah Seyed Ahmad Khansari; 4. Ayatollah Seyed Abu Al-Ghasem Khu; 5. Ayatollah Seyed Mahmud Shahrudi; 6. Ayatollah Seyed Abdullah Shirazi; 7. Ayatollah Seyed Abd Al-Hadi Shirazi; 8. Ayatollah Seyed Muhammad Reza Golpayegani; 9. Ayatollah Muhammad Hadi Milani; 10. Ayatollah Seyed Shahab Al-Din Marashi; 11. Ayatollah Mir Seyed Ali Yasrebi Kashani; 12. Ayatollah Sheikh Muhammad Taghi Behshat
He was diligent, modest, good tempered and pious, considered as the best features, and he was also known as a person that was intelligent, careful, organized, talented, sociable and simple in the opinion of persons that referred and communicated with him. Therefore, his students loved him a lot. Although other scientists and jurisprudents were as knowledgeable as he was, he considered them superior than himself.
Whenever a source of authority passed away, he left this responsibility to other sources of authorities and preached them even though he as the source of authority was qualified enough.
Because a lot of people referred to him in Iran and Iraq, he had them refer to the religious scientific book of Sheikh Abdullah Mazandarani (1230-1256 Gh) so that the followers could use it.
When he communicated with his students, he respected them a lot and told them humorous remarks. His students liked him a lot and highly respected him. Although his teaching sessions were friendly, they were a kind educational training and effective.
One of humors that is narrated about him is that he said '' if scientific points are taught in the morning, students as well as teacher can understand it and if they are taught in the afternoon, only teacher can understand it and if they are taught at night, none of them can understand them.
Zia had a lot of love toward Ahle Beit (peace be upon them), Especially Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). He held mourning ceremonies in his house in Moharam Month. In such ceremonies, most of scientists, clergymen and instructors took part in it. He sermonized and had the participants cry and he cried a lot.

Finally, this luminous light of science accepted the invitation of God in Najaf Ashraf on the night of Monday 29 Zi Al-Ghade. There classes were not held theological school for three day and his students mourned for him. His funeral ceremony was held magnificently and was buried in a room near the sacred courtyard of Amir Al-Momenin (peace be upon him). A lot of mourning ceremonies were held for him in Iran and Iraq.
Benny Qurayzah was the name of one of Jewish Tribes and one of wars of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants). It has been narrated that Adya Bin Samuel became Jewish. Then they resided in a mountain with the name '' Gharize''. According to the opinion of some historians, Gharize was the name of their great grandfather.
After the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) migrated Medina, he signed peace treaty with the Jewish people of Benny Qurayzah. But they denied their treaty several times. Finally, when Ahzab Tribe attacked Medina in 5 Gh, Yahya Bin Akhtab, the head of Bani Nazir Tribe, encouraged Kaab Bin Asad, the head of Gharize Tribe, to deny his treaty with the prophet and the Muslims and signed treaty with Quraish Tribe.
The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) sent Sad Bin Ebade ( the head of Khezrej Tribe) along with other two Muslims to the presence of Benny Qurayzah in order to research about this matter. The head of Benny Qurayzah Tribe denied his convection with the Muslims and started abusing.
The Muezzin said call-to-prayer and the prophet prayed noon prayer with the Muslims. Then he ordered the Muezzin to say '' persons that are the follower of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) should pray afternoon prayer in the neighborhood of Benny Qurayzah. After the tower of Benny Qurayzah was surrounded for a month, the prophet stated '' the Benny Qurayzah Tribe should surrender against the Muslims without any conventions since it was not far from the mind that they (such as the Bani Nazir Tribe) made the Muslims face to some troublesome dangers and made them lose their life due to the encouragement from the Arabic people that worshiped idols when they were from the sight of the Muslims.
Finally the Banigharize Tribe decided to surrender against the Muslims without any conventions and to accept whatever rules Sad Bin Maaz determined for them.