
Translator: Davood Salehan
Source: rasekhoon.net
Source: rasekhoon.net
Violence and fundamentalism and banality, the ruling idea over the world cinema in this period.
Since the early seventies protest movements that were provided by the young people of different countries, were causing a disturbance and disorder in industrialized societies. The first was face of this disturbing was violence that appeared in different models of clothes, hairstyles, way of speaking and unfamiliar behavior with the community. The other face of it was cutting non-violent relationship of young people with disciplined adults' world and hippies were result of this social transformation. They were formed since 1963 in California, the richest state in the richest country in the world. The state was not so far from arms export bases; bases from which humans and weapons came out of every day to suppress the poor nations. Hippies rejected war and bloodshed, and they were pro-nature and Hindu religious beliefs, and knew regular use of drugs as symbols of aversion and return to them to self and using pop music represented a new model of life and habits to peaceful youth of the world. In the 1970s, student protests at the University of Berkeley and San Diego turned into riots in Europe in 1968. Between the years 1958 to 1961 AD, cinematic phenomenon of the "New Wave" flourished in France. TV competed Cinema and in addition to it, it was an open window to the world of News & World Report. In Hollywood Production Center, a group of former directors of television, including "Sidney Lumet" and "Artorin" were hailed as a new generation of filmmakers. The cinematographers founded new movement in America's cinema by combining social issues and empiricism and improvisation in the style and fashions. The beginning of the sixties was associated with loneliness of cinema. TV was the best and there was no need for stars no longer. Actors played for a while and then they were out of the picture. Laxity and negligence had undergone studios, and TV did investment in series and sets. Hollywood with the past greatness gradually began to wane. It was not expected from Hollywood to make masterpiece anymore.
Monsters and nuclear tests
Universal Studios worked from mid-1950 by "William Åland" famous producer and largely by a director in the name of "Jack Arnold" and usually produced Western and fiction - fiction movies, which were generally low-cost and profitable. Western films were very ordinary and banal, but science - fiction films of the company were considered amongst the most interesting and best "genre". These films such as "came from Deep Space," "a creature from the black lagoon" and "the miraculous earth Island" at that time were the best-selling films among other genre. Themes were taken from the traditional genre of "universal", scary movies and TV series of Flash Gordon and Bak Rogers and they added some of the devastating threat of nuclear war and radiation which was the topic of the day. The company of "Warner Brothers" which witnessed success of Universal monster movies, in 1954 AD, made their movies in three-dimensional style. In the film, we see that the nuclear tests have been caused giant ants. World space lacked in confidence about nuclear testing so the film was welcomed.
The company also had the same experience by creating movie "a monster from depth of 36,000 meters" directed by "Eugene Lowry". In the film, which was made for 80 mins at 1954, carrying out nuclear tests in Arctic had led melting ices of settlement of a prehistoric dinosaur. Dinosaur wakes up from his multi-million year-old sleep, goes to New York and attacks and creates destruction and massacres. Monster in most of these films embody the fears of time of film making from uncontrollable threats such as Communists attack or the possibility of nuclear war.
In Japan by imitation of Hollywood in 1954, the first Godzilla film was made. In this film Godzilla is a giant prehistoric reptile that comes to life again as a result of nuclear testing and comes out of the waters of Tokyo Bay and ruins a city. It overturned trains and razed the buildings. Oxygen Bomb was fragmented. Godzilla is the most obvious link between the legendary - scientific film and public fear of nuclear explosions. Japanese people love to see disaster and chaos, so the film was a great success.
In the famous film "The man who was incredibly small" by "Jack Arnoleh" in 1957, we see a man who is on holiday and after appearing a cloud of atoms of various nuclear experiments, gradually becomes small and inconvenience and strange adventures happen for him. Special effects are very fun and acceptable. In the film, the inevitable destiny of man and the mystery of creation and the meaning of existence also arise. Basically, we see that the Hollywood plans are simply for policies of America and warning other countries' nuclear testing.
Core themes in the 1970s films
In 1961, "Travel to the depths of the sea" film directed by "Irwin Allen" is the first Hollywood product that raises nuclear submarine and nuclear missiles. The story is that a scientist called "Harriman" invented a large nuclear submarine and is scheduled to move to the North Pole and at the same time suddenly a large part of the Earth's tropical region sets on fire and the world is to face destructive events. He knows the only way of solution to shoot a missile towards it, but the UN rejects the offer because of being dangerous and "Harriman" takes his submarine to the region "Marianas" to shoot from there. Mrs. Doctor Psychologist who researches about the effects of long-term human life in a closed space, the secretary of "Harriman" and the person who disagrees with his theory, follows his work. During the voyage a lot of vandalisms are done. After an encounter with a giant octopus and passing through a minefield left from the Second World War, the United Nations attacks "Harriman's" submarine and endangers him, but he goes deep in the water until the water pressure blows the invading submarines. On reaching the destination, it becomes clear that vandalisms were done by lady psychologist doctor who believes "Harriman" will lead the world to destruction. In the latest attempt to sabotage, she is accidentally killed and by firing nuclear missiles, integrity of "Harriman's" theory is proved. Here it is observed that even American inventor and scientist did not pay attention to the objections of the United Nations and with great courage even leads to destroy them and he is intended to prove his purpose and intent as during the Cold War years America always had the most powerful rockets in the universe and constantly threatened and endangered the world peace.
In Japanese cinema, there were efforts to make science - fiction films about the Intercontinental disasters and wars. Film "The Last War" by "Shouee Matsopashy" in 1961, was a prediction of the occurrence of a terrible war on Earth. In the film, which was made in the early years of the Cold War, shows the two superpowers of East-West conflict from the Japanese perspective on the wide-screen. The film was released in Japanese language in a limited theatrical market and it went unnoticed. Casts were "Frankie Sakai" and "Yuriko Housie". Ironically, the story is that the representative of Japan with great efforts and discussions with America and Japan's representatives stops the war from the half-way and makes peace and reconciliation between the parties, although his tendency to the American side is clear.