Israeli political parties

Leftists' camp
Leftists' camp now includes the following parties:
Labor Party with different approaches of its members and supporters from moderation to leftish.
Meretz group is composed of three parties Shinui (Liberal), Mapam (left) and Rats (moderate) which had a single list in the latest Knesset elections (1992). Parties of the group in the current Knesset do activities in a coordinated way through joint committees.
Moledet Party
Moledet (Homeland) is a right-wing party which is violently sectarian and a strong enemy of the Palestinians and Arabs. The party was founded by Major General Rehoboam Ze'evi (also known as Gandhi) shortly before the 1988 elections with the slogan of transfer (which in perspective of Moledet it means exiling all Palestinian residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip and transferring them to Arab states).
Moledet in the elections could enter two of its candidates to the Knesset and noticing the fact that only three months had passed of the foundation of the party and the time the party lacked leadership and organs and institutions and financial resources. This success shows that how attractive the slogan of expelling Palestinians from Israel is. Before Moledet, Kakh Party, led by Rabbi Meir Kehana with the same slogan entered the Knesset in1984, although Israel's Supreme Court avoided participation of the party in the elections of 1988 because of its racist ideas. In the 1992 elections the Moledet party won three seats in the Knesset, but soon after the elections, there were conflicts between Ze'evi, party's leader and member of the Knesset, and Shaw Well Guttman, another member of the party in the Knesset and the second person in the electoral list of the Moledet party, and the difference led to Guttman's expel from the party in May 1994 though he still remained a member of the Knesset.
Moledet intellectually has common positions with the most extreme right-wing parties in most cases, including: the unified city of Jerusalem is capital of the Israel forever; it is opposed to any withdrawal from the occupied territories; the expansion of settlement building activity in the occupied territories; to formally not recognizing the Palestinian people and indifference to all the rights and demands of them, refusing to recognize the PLO or negotiating with it; the utter opposition with any autonomy for the Palestinians, using more violent and more inclusive possibilities and methods in order to suppress the uprising Palestinian (Intifada), and giving full powers to the army to deal with the protesters, extending Israeli sovereignty on the West Bank and Gaza Strip after expelling Palestinians from it (unlike other right-wing extremist parties, Moledet does not call for an immediate extension of Israeli sovereignty over the region).
In the field of economic and social issues and relationship between religion and government, Moledet party program is right-wing oriented and the party believes in separation of religion from politics.
But what distinguishes Moledet from other extremist right-wing parties and in fact leads to the survival of the party is slogan of "Transfer" that Moledet obviously announces that as the main objective and suggests methods of execution for it as well. Moledet claims that it calls for the so-called agreement and voluntary withdrawal of the Palestinians and it does not seek for their forcible expulsion like Kahana and Kakh parties. Ze'evi, leader of Moledetparty, said in the definition of " agreement transfer": agreement transfer is the act of exchange of population by agreement of the governments in order to reach a shared goal such as ending the state of war between them (as it took place between Turkey and Greece in the early part of this century) or achieving peace (as it happened between Israel and Egypt in the eighties and when Israel attempted to evacuate the residents of Jewish settlements of peninsula of Sinai) and Ze'evi said in the expression of " voluntary transfer": voluntary transfer means personal migration due to family, social, religious, ethnic, security, economic reasons.
on the one hand, Ze'evi suggests that main demand of Israel in negotiations with Arab countries must be agreement of these countries to permanent transferring and housing of all residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to their country, and on the other hand, he asks the Government of Israel to force Palestinians to emigrate by a series of various measures such as economic, security and administrative actions including the lack of encouragement of industries in the West Bank and the Gaza strip and preventing employment of the inhabitants of the two regions inside Israel and closing the universities and colleges in the regions. He says "with this act 140 thousand Palestinian workers, as well as students and faculty will be also forced to look beyond borders and Arab countries". Ze'evi states: "the withdrawal of workers, students and faculty members, their families will join them.as well".
He calls for the creation of the so-called agency with the aim of encouraging Palestinians to emigrate abroad.
Moledet party have provided conditions for Palestinians in 1948 who had Israeli citizenship to have equal rights only if they perform all the citizen tasks such as military service or "national service" equal to twice the period of military service and proving their loyalty and commitment to the Israeli government.
Moledet's electoral base is mostly made of low-income and less educated residents of developing cities and poor areas of large cities and also fans of the idea of "removing all Palestinians in the occupied territories" from different groups in society. By outlawing Kakh Party, a worthy number of fans of the party joined the fans of Moledet party. Moledet has a high percentage of acceptances by young people. The army and the residents of the West Bank's settlements are other supporting centers of Moledet.
Ze'evi is in chrge of everything in Moledet, who has all authority, in a way that shortly before the last election (1992) he openly declared that he has set list of candidates to participate in the elections all by himself, and he added that the organs of the Moledet party are appointed under any circumstances are they are not elected.
The number of seats of the party in the Knesset in different periods: the twelfth Knesset (1988) 2 seats; the Thirteenth Knesset (1992) 3 seats.

Likud Party
Now we briefly introduce the major parties forming the Likud:
1. Azadegan: Azadegan Party (the Liberal Party of Israel) is one of the moderation parties in Israel. The party was established in 1961 of from the two parties of "Pishro" and "Union of General Zionists - Moderate Party". The two parties were in fact a whole which was called "the General Zionists party" and was formed in 1931. The General Zionists Party divided into two groups in the 30s: group A and group B. Group (A) was led by Chaim Weizmann, and it was closer to the Zionist labor movement and worked with it and group (B) was led by Menahem Asyshkyn that had closer ties with right-wing reformist movement and worked with it. The two groups were united again in early 40s, but due to differences, they separated once again. In 1948, Group A with partnership of two other small parties, formed Pishro party and group B along with some other small groups, formed "Union of General Zionists - Moderate Party". As it was stated earlier, the two parties were united in 1961 and formed Azadegan party, but the alliance did not last long, and following agreement of the leaders of the party with Hirut Party in order to found Gahal groups, mostly former members of the Pishro party withdrew from Azadegan Party and formed a new party called the independent Liberal Party. New-formed party joined MeRakah in the early eighties. Union of general Zionists and moderate party with the name of the Azadegan party continued its activities within the framework of the Gahal Group and then Likud group until in the second half of the eighties, it merged in Hirut party. Azadegan Party within the Likud Party faced continuous disputes of its members over the presidency of the party and top positions and this led to the creation of various factions within the party. On the eve of the parliamentary elections of 1992, a group of Azadegan Party members led by Isaac Mudayi separated from the Likud and they formed a new party named neo-Liberal Party, but after the election, the party was dissolved due to not getting needed percent of the votes to enter the Knesset.
Members and supporters of the Azadegan Party were from the middle and capitalist classes of the society. Economic - social program of the party included the following issues: economy relying on actions of private sector with minimal interference of the government; separation of role of Histadrut as a worker union from its economic role; arbitration to resolve workers' disputes; nationalization of health and social services and constitution of the state. The issues were first accepted by Gahal group and then by Likud Group. In the field of social and political issues, Azadegan party and the Hirut party had the same idea whether within Gahal or Likud.
Number of seats of the Azadegan party in different periods of Knesset (before the formation of the Likud): the fifth Knesset (1961) 17 seats, the sixth Knesset 11 seats (out of 26 seats Gahal); the seventh Knesset (1969) 11 seats (out of 26 seats of Gahal).
Number of seats of the neo-Liberal Party in different periods of Knesset (before joining the MeRakah): the sixth Knesset (1965) 5 seats; the seventh Knesset (1969) 4 seats; the eighth Knesset (1973) 4 seats and the ninth Knesset (1977) 1 seat.
2. Free Center: Free Center is a right-wing party that was created in 1967 by a group led by Shmuel Temir. The group objected to the arbitrary control of Menachem Begin, leader of the Hirut Party and requested the implementation of democratic reforms in the management of the party's affairs, and so they expelled from the party. In the 1969 elections, the Free Center Party won two seats in the Knesset and participated in forming Likud in 1973, and became as part of this new-formed party. In 1975, the Free Center was divided into two groups: the first group was led by Shmuel Temir and kept the free center name and came out of Likud and in 1976 participated in installations of democratic movement for change. But another group was headed by Shostak and it was called independent center and remained in Likud and in 1976, it formed Lam party in the context of Likud with the participation of the official list party and "integrated land of Israel" group.
3. Official List party: official list party was formed in 1968 by former members of the Rafi party led by David Ben-Gurion who were in protest against the decision of the majority of members of the party to participate with the Mebay and Ahdot Hafoda parties in installations of Labor party, and they were outside the party. Official list Party entered the elections of 1969 and 4 of its candidates could enter the Knesset. In 1973, the party made participation in formation of Likud (at that time Ben-Gurion quit the Party and abandoned politics in general.) Three years later, in 1976, they formed Amam party in framework of Likud together with the Independent Center Party and "integrated land of Israel" Group.