Martyr Motahari (RA) and Software Movement

One of the backwardness of the Islamic world, after a brilliant era of Islamic civilization, is less attention to the place of science and scientists. Of course it is caused by several factors that to deal with them, are outside of the scope of this discussion. The Islamic world after the golden age of its development, in the early centuries, due to some problems, such as the dominance of some hypocrite systems and self-fighting was held back from the caravan of science, growth and development. Then later, in the best of its situation, on request to access to its previous had from the alien West, left behind the age of translation that in some fields of theoretical did not have any achievement except new returning and creating of uncertainty in the intellectual foundation of new student. Exit out of the current situation may be at the first involves an understanding of the need for transition from the current phase and then in the light of scientific comprehensive movement and software movement. Understanding of the necessity, what is, recognition of assumptions, characteristics and components of the software movement, is the only way to exit of the situation of current stagnation in the field of theorizing of the human sciences. Also, find the appropriate strategies for their implementation is the essential of this uneven path but without alternative.
One of the important components to realization of software movement is the widespread use of it. That is why if the person moves does not make the pervasive waves, Will be miles away with the realization of software movement. Of course, during the recession of science in the Islamic world, always prominent figures have input into the existence that the greatness of each one separately has created a theoretical wave in the stagnant level of scientific circles. But the lack of suitable areas and some problems and difficulties has prevented from the formation of an inclusive flow and pandemic waves. It should be noted, that talking about the software movement does not allocate to the human sciences and also include to the other sciences. But because many of the experimental sciences know their growth and prosperity indebted of existing theories in the field of humanities, therefore the importance of notification and the effort to theorizing and creating software movement in this area is so clear.
One of the most important figures in recent decades is professor Motahari who is renowned Faghih and philosopher. He perceived the position of Islamic world and its needs. He entered in this hard way with the believes to the necessity of using of the Islamic original sources for facing with deviant thoughts and also the creation of new wave, for the birth of the movement software. Scientific and practical biography of professor shows his recognizing from necessity, features and component software movement. He in this regard, created the background replies to the questions and doubts with the language of the day. He also was prior in the holding the scientific debate and clear theorizing with the possibility of arbitration. That is why that we see when he faced with a discourtesy of atheist professors in the Theology Faculty of Tehran University, And despite the proper condition, He never did excommunication him. But in a letter from the president of the University asked for a scientific debate against all and with the judgment of conscience awake and fair, invite him. Undoubtedly, one of the assumptions and necessities of Software Movement is attention to the mental elements and the elites of society. According to the bipolar of educational system of humanities in Iran, it means the seminaries and universities, the necessity of creating the connection bridge between these two and their consultation, will be the formation of the early embryo of Software Movement that deceased martyr Motahari was one of the first starter of this connection. It should be noted, as Recognition of feature and components of software movement and also its assumptions and necessities, has significant importance, providing the underlying strategies also has a determining role in shaping it. The most important underlying strategies of software movement and knowledge produced, as Mentioned in the response of the Supreme Leader to a group of scholars and students of Qom Seminary, Include:

1. The conversion of the movement to the value of public
2. The answers to the questions and doubts
3. The scientific debate and clear theorizing with arbitration
4. Freedom, ethics and logic
5. To create safe critical atmosphere
6. To create opportunities for theory producers
7. To avoid extreme politicization and depoliticization

According to the above strategies, scientific and practical biography of Martyr Motahari is very significant in his scientific life. This fact shows the necessity of re-examination of his works and different aspects of his life. The following article is written by Dr. Ali Motahari that the Center of studies and Cultural Research of Qom Seminary has given them to the cultural groups of Quds newspaper.

Scientific biography; strengthen of wit, centered of teaching

Existence of some features in the people have been caused that they distinguish from others and in such a way creates this question in the mind why this person is different from the other men? Martyr Morteza Motahari is from these individuals. An important issue which is raised about his character is the scientific reputation of Professor and his particular focus on education and teaching. The point that he had emphasized on the teaching and learning methods, was the issue of strengthening of the power of wisdom and analysis. In his view the strengthening of the power of wisdom is the center of education. The correct use of human capital and talents that God has placed them in human nature are great art and signs of growth of the use from the individual assets. As the growth of the use of social capital is a kind of growth and refers to the issue of leadership and management; in fact, every human must lead his powers and talents.
Professor believes: If we measure the science and education just in the sense of storing our content, in this case, we will not be good scholars. Good scholar is a person who get some products from the outside, he does work and effort on them and then produce the science. In this regard, English Viken says: "Scholars are three categories: Some of them are as the same as ants, they just store; they learn some science and store in their minds. Some without learn something from the outside, want to spin the strings within himself. And some, such as bees, suck the nectar of flowers and work on it and with a series of interactions, create a new substance called honey. "
Professor knows a person as a real scholar who has these two features: This means not only he learns something new, but also he inquires on them. Based on this belief, in his speech and works, we see that he says: Criteria is not to see many teachers, because relying on education without research, reduce the creativity in students. Therefore, he is not an innovative and productive scholar. This feature exists in the educational methods of Professor. Rejection without imperative discussion and analysis of intellectual is from his characteristics about learning and education. One of the teaching and learning methods of him is following-up and finding roots of studies in both areas of teaching and learning. Targeting on research and studies, with the aim of intellectual and social reforms in society is from the other features of him in this field. In fact, Professor knew that education and learning is the introduction for the problems of the community. For this reason, “Rasael", "Makaseb", "Kafaye" and "Asfar" were not the goal for him and this is his differences with some of the other people. While some people considered studying this courses to reach to the peak of Islamic studies, He saw all this as the introduction of reforms. The criteria for teacher’s activities is the realization of the idea of reformer. He was a social reformer. Of course, It should not be neglected the basic research efforts of those who have done these works.

Practical Manner of Professor Motahari

A) The individual Manner

The most important feature about the personal ethics of professor Motahari was commitment to worship, night vigil and invite others to this procedure. Sincerity in action was also one of the characters which can be seen from his unique characteristics. Professor despite the good relations that he had with others, sometimes such pondered in the intellectual and practical issues that he were not realized the presence of others and this is the sign of the importance of thinking in his practical manner. Martyr Motahari at the same time that he paid attention to worship, he never excluded himself from the enjoyment of the blessings of God. As an example, When the Marxist thought had become common in universities and having confused appeared and hard life was considered as scores, He always presented with elegant appearance at the University. Professor in every movement which he had, was thinking a point for students. Therefore, he in addition to refuse the views of Marxists in the classroom, in the framework of theoretical discussion in the lifestyle, was criticizing their behavior and way of life.

B) The Social Manner

What we can say about the social manner of the professor is this fact that he was adopting at different times of his struggles different ways in proportion of that time.
His highly critical speech against the Shah in 15 Khordad in year 42 caused that he arrives to the execution step. Again at the same days, the popular speech of professor about Palestine Led to his arrest. But after the year 49, His struggle style changed a few compared to the past because he felt that the efforts of each of Muslim people due to their individual action was in favor of Eclectic and Communism groups and hardworking of people was in the interest of Marxist groups. At that time, the prevailing atmosphere in the universities and between youth was the atmosphere of Eclectic and Marxist. Many revolutionary Muslim forces had accepted the diversion ideas. Even in seminaries also have penetrated the ideas of mundane. Martyr Motahari writes in a letter to Imam Khomeini in year 56 that this mundane thoughts have influence even among some of your sincerely friends. Therefore, He was alarmed that the movement goes to another way. In that time Imam was in Najaf and the future was unclear. The appearance was this that if movement is done in Iran and the Shah's regime is overthrown, the government will be in the hands of the communists. But later the issue got another form. Thus, we see in those years, most of his activities was focused on the intellectual and ideological work. He even wrote in seventeen September "Introduction to the Islamic world." For some people this question was raised that in this period and condition, why are you wrote it, now is the time for shouting. He was saying: "It is important which our movement is maintained in the right path, otherwise, our goal is not just a revolution; it means our goal is not just to overthrow the Shah’s regime, but after that is important.” Therefore, he was noticing to strengthen their intellectual foundations for maintaining the originality of struggle thought of the followers of Imam Khomeini and Muslim fighters.
After the victory of the revolution his social contributions was noticed seriously and effects of teachers on decision making and his guidance to the correct performance in that sensitive situations was notable and very important. He knew when the Revolution won, intellectual involvement begins so we must have the necessary materials. Professor was recognizing deviation and innovation well and had the courage to comment. This is the task of a religious scholar that fights with superstitions and weaknesses of the community, for the propagation of Islam does not use the weaknesses of the community, does not ride the wave, but fights with the ignorance of the people. In other words, scholar should not use from an unholy tools for a sacred goal; all of these traits had accumulated in the professor.

The methods to deal with intellectual deviations

Professor Motahari in dealing with intellectual deviations considered the important factor of his honesty or prejudice of the person. It was not this that anyone who opposed or did wrong, immediately he will overwhelm him; But if he felt that there is honesty but the person is wrong, he did very gentle treatment. But if he perceived his hypocrisy in expressing of his statements and beliefs, he treated him with another form. It is as the same as this that firstly, the person accepted a dialectical principle and then have been found a few verses and hadiths and by using them wants to convince the other side; it means he put a shell of Islamic concepts on his real thoughts and is hypocritical. In conclusion, wherever he saw that deception and cheating is at work, he does harsh treatment. His method of approach with intellectual deviations according to the attacks of this kind of thinking, can be our criteria to deal with astray person.