Muslim brotherhood

Abuaza and Saftavi emphasize on cooperation of Brotherhood and the Communists in the occurrence of these events and designing these demands; although this partnership did not work ever again. The next day, it means in the evening of 11/3/1955, security forces and police captured the elements that organized the moving of the masses in towns and villages and camps. They were sent to Cairo by passenger train and from there they were sent to detention centers. But headband resettlement program for refugees in North Sinai fell apart.
The Egyptian government by passing new laws and regulations launched repressive measures. Including the executing of provisions related to prohibition of on the Gaza Strip. Egyptian authorities also issued the order of dissolution of the Union of teachers’ refugees that were generally under the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood. In addition, the Egyptian government over the new instruction abolished the right of strike. On the other hand, Gamal Abdel Nasser by non-aligned nation’s conference (1955 in Bandung) and inclination toward the East and signing a contract to buy weapons with the Czechoslovakia opened a new page in relations between administrative authorities and the Communists on Gaza Strip but from the other hand political pressure and security restrictions against the Brotherhood continued. In this situation Gaza Strip faces with the new stage. Tensions flared in areas bordering to Israel and in late October of 1956, Israeli forces invaded to Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula and following this, English and French forces occupied the Suez Canal Zone. In these attacks that were known as tripartite aggressions, Gaza Strip was occupied by Israeli on 12/11/1956 to 14/3/1957. However The Egyptian governments repressive attacks, particularly against the Muslim Brotherhood has not stopped, but the Muslim population after the occupation of Gaza by Israel invader again started to organize their forces and was thinking about dealing with the invaders. Here the issue of cooperation with the Communists came again and while the Brotherhood believed that the only way to deal with the Occupier is the armed struggle with them, the communists offered program contains four clauses,
1- Establishing the National front
2- Requesting for press freedom ,holding meetings and establishing the public freedom
3- Collaborating with progressive and justice-loving people inside the Israel to overthrow the government of Ben-Gurion
4- Advocacy and supporting of UN international forces (formation of these forces was in progress) as long as the Palestinian issue is not completely resolved
5- Announcing the opposition with returning Egypt sovereignty over the Gaza Strip
No doubt the Communists proposed program represents a fundamental view of the acceptance of the state of Israel. Brothers didn’t admit these offers and raise their revolutionary activities by incite the people against the occupiers, distributing leaflets and calling on people to strike. Egyptian authorities to curb Muslim population arrested a large number of active elements such as Abdullah Abuaze, Ghaleb-al-Wazir and Hashem Khazandar. In the period between 1957 and 1967, the emergence of nationalist and political events such as Arabic Socialist Baath Party as well as the pan-Arabism flagship that Abdel Nasser was its guiding, called the Brotherhood to war. But the real challenge of the Muslim Brotherhood appeared in the Brother’s population with starting the movement of Palestinian Muslim leaders towards the establishment of “victory".
The first step was that Khalil al-Wazir, who was a prominent member of the Muslim population, which at the time was studying in Cairo, in July 1957, presented his offer based on establishing a new organization that is equal to Muslim population. The organization that doesn’t have any islamic point in its slogan or appearance but only consider the slogan of liberating Palestine through armed struggle. In mentioned notes explicitly stipulated that the proposed organization, from the Brotherhood to other parties, have to be out of “Brotherhood" or "party" and should wear "Palestine" Garment. In fact, the idea of national liberation movement was embodied in the notes Khalil al-Wazir. His like-minded who often were brotherhood were often based on the belief that Liberation Front of Algeria experience in the battle against French invaders can be used as a model objectively.
They tried to, by following Algeria experiences; unleash the Muslim population from stubborn crisis and stalemate that was faced with them. In this way although they exceed from the Muslim scopes of thought, but they didn’t go out from the organized population circle. The purpose of a "victory” was gathering and mobilization the forces on the basis of nationalist thinking, while the Muslim Brotherhood tended to Islamic points. If we compare the victory plan with Islamic measures, simply we will find out the strengths and weaknesses points of it.
But the original Brotherhood policy at this time was based on two factors: The first one was the victory of Brotherhood in Arabic and the other changing in the current situation of Arabs; since the fulfillment of these two objectives needed sufficient time, therefore it can be said that the Muslim Brotherhood in presenting the strategic way for political mobilization in short-term were involved in ambiguity and confusion, by hoping to change the current situation, playing the original plans postponed to indefinite time. On the other hand the first members of the Fatah group emerged among the Muslim Brotherhood and later arranged in the front ranks of the Fatah leadership. Among these members it can be mentioned to: Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad), Kamal Adwan, Salah Khalaf (Abvayaz), and Abdel Fattah Mahmoud, Saeed Al-Zain, Asaad Saftavy and many more. A large number of Arab brothers are looked as the first group of Fatah members, as Brotherhood group, while these people came out of this population in the mid-sixties.
Fatah group for attracting the brotherhood elements toward promoting his plan was trying. Therefore, conflicts between these groups and public bodies of Brotherhood took on new dimensions. Internal conflicts on the one hand and a growing sense of frustration innocence of Brotherhood further fueled them to take a negative position. This negative stance led to the isolation of the Brotherhoods in political scene at the beginning of the eighties. However indulgence of the opposite side (Fatah group) also was equal to brother’s position. Fatah leaders who were mostly came from Muslim population, turned back to their long political history, in general, after the separation, discarded from the population and didn’t mention in to the population in the memories and articles of Muslim Brotherhood published in the newspapers, so that everything published about the history of the Fath establishment- that was mainly based on the sources and manuscripts of Fath leaders and didn’t refer to the roots of Brotherhood from this organization.
In the mid-sixties, a new issue arose in the Palestinian political scene. At the same time Palestinians demands to declare the Palestinian national entity, formed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
On September 15 1963, Arab League game mission to Ahmad Choukair to travel to Arab countries and examined all aspects of Palestinian problems. After a lot of consistency, eventually provided the holding the facilities of the Palestinian National Congress in Jerusalem attended by 350 representatives appointed and not elected.
At the closing session of the congress, the Palestine Liberation Organization as the representative of the Palestinian people and leading the liberation struggle was announced Muslim Brotherhood didn’t have any representative in any of the organs of the Congress, Saf or official committees thereof. Four active elements from Fath group (Khalil al-Wazir, Khalid al-Hassan, Kamal Adwan and Muhammad Yousef Najjar) became a member of the PLO. The PLO's announcement was greeted with widespread public and it seemed that Saft could unable other political forces and parties.
From the perspective of Choukair political forces and parties had only one way to go and it was melting in the PLO. Because in his view, after the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization, there is no reason forces and parties to continue their activities. On the other hand some fans of Choukair shouted such slogans as: “parties fan! Exit from the militant’s scene of Palestinian”.
“The decline line of the Muslim Brotherhood continued and in the summer of 1965, Egyptian security forces arranged attacks against the Muslim Brotherhood gathering centers in Egypt. During a military trial, dramatic or show sent SayyidQutb the great Islam thinker and Abdul Fattah Ismail and Yusuf Hvash to the gallows. In the same story Sheikh Hani died in prison. Despite the arrest and detention of dozens of Brotherhood active ingredients, no one opposed or objected and nobody asked what happened to the political forces and noble Mujahid. Colonel Nasser's propaganda who was absolute dictator of Pharaohs Land and Permanently aimed Brotherhood at the most serious accusations and propaganda sentences…... But the activity for other parties, even opposition parties with the Egyptian regime was not quite closed.
In such circumstances, it seems obvious that the Muslim Brotherhood's have lost their influence among the people of Gaza. Brothers in dealing with fight that faced between two failures in the years 1948 and 1967 had different reactions in terms of speed, decisiveness and gentleness. Their position in 1956 and their confrontation with the Israeli occupiers represent courage, determination and a correct assessment of the political situation of that time. In an environment of pressures and restrictions that were imposed by the Egyptian security forces and at a time when the PLO came into existence, Brotherhood in the Gaza Strip increasingly mired in isolation and to maintain its existence, adopted flexible policy toward PLO’s. But the main problems that Muslim Brotherhood confronted with it in the early day of war in 1967 was surely strained views about Palestine?
It seemed that Brotherhood Palestinian organization in inactive situation and with a sense of deep concern that was originated from Fatah group separation crisis, gives out the priority of the Palestinian issue from their plans…