Ways of proving prophesy through the prophet

Surahs that start with '' Ha –Mim'' explain about divine messages and necessity of mission of prophets.
The messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) presented three ways against persons that denied divine message and mission. Sometimes, he presented reasons to persons that denied divine messages in the analysis of the approach of Quran. Sometimes, he proved his claims through attestation of witnesses and sometimes he proved reality of his invitation with swearing.
If God swears something in order to prove matters or orders his messenger of God to swear, he will swear within reasons of matter. The life of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) is document of his reality and reason of falsity of persons that deny it;
لَعَمْرُكَ إِنَّهُمْ لَفِی سَكْرَتِهِمْ یَعْمَهُونَ
Verily, by thy life (O Prophet), in their wild intoxication, they wander in distraction, to and fro.
God states in Quran
یس
Ya Sin.
وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِیمِ
By the Qur´an, full of Wisdom.
إِنَّكَ لَمِنَ الْمُرْسَلِینَ
Thou art indeed one of the messengers.
قُل لَّئِنِ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْإِنسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَىٰ أَن یَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنِ لَا یَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ ظَهِیرًا
Say: "If the whole of mankind and Jinns were to gather together to produce the like of this Qur´an, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they backed up each other with help and support.
Prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) proved his prophesy and divine messages with inner analysis of Quran.
أَفَلَا یَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَیْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِیهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِیرًا
Do they not consider the Qur´an (with care)? Had it been from other Than Allah, they would surely have found therein Much discrepancy.
وَقَالَ الَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا لَا تَأْتِینَا السَّاعَةُ ۖ قُلْ بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّی لَتَأْتِیَنَّكُمْ عَالِمِ الْغَیْبِ ۖ لَا یَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ فِی السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِی الْأَرْضِ وَلَا أَصْغَرُ مِن ذَٰلِكَ وَلَا أَكْبَرُ إِلَّا فِی كِتَابٍ مُّبِینٍ
The Unbelievers say, "Never to us will come the Hour": Say, "Nay! but most surely, by my Lord, it will come upon you;- by Him Who knows the unseen,- from Whom is not hidden the least little atom in the heavens or on earth: Nor is there anything less than that, or greater, but is in the Record Perspicuous''.
It is impossible that God leaves human without leader;
لَمْ یَكُنِ الَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُشْرِكِینَ مُنفَكِّینَ حَتَّىٰ تَأْتِیَهُمُ الْبَیِّنَةُ
Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, were not going to depart (from their ways) until there should come to them Clear Evidence.
There are three kinds of attestation in Quran. God, angels and scientists attest reality of divine messages. God states about attestation
وَیَقُولُ الَّذِینَ كَفَرُوا لَسْتَ مُرْسَلًا ۚ قُلْ كَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِیدًا بَیْنِی وَبَیْنَكُمْ وَمَنْ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ الْكِتَابِ
The Unbelievers say: "No messenger art thou." Say: "Enough for a witness between me and you is Allah, and such as have knowledge of the Book.
شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْعَزِیزُ الْحَكِیمُ
There is no god but He: That is the witness of Allah, His angels, and those endued with knowledge, standing firm on justice. There is no god but He, the Exalted in Power, the Wise.
قُلْ أَیُّ شَیْءٍ أَكْبَرُ شَهَادَةً ۖ قُلِ اللَّهُ ۖ شَهِیدٌ بَیْنِی وَبَیْنَكُمْ ۚ وَأُوحِیَ إِلَیَّ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنُ لِأُنذِرَكُم بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ ۚ أَئِنَّكُمْ لَتَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّ مَعَ اللَّهِ آلِهَةً أُخْرَىٰ ۚ قُل لَّا أَشْهَدُ ۚ قُلْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِنَّنِی بَرِیءٌ مِّمَّا تُشْرِكُونَ
Say: "What thing is most weighty in evidence?" Say: "Allah is witness between me and you; This Qur´an hath been revealed to me by inspiration, that I may warn you and all whom it reaches. Can ye possibly bear witness that besides Allah there is another Allah?" Say: "Nay! I cannot bear witness!" Say: "But in truth He is the one Allah, and I truly am innocent of (your blasphemy of) joining others with Him''.
قُل لِّلَّهِ الشَّفَاعَةُ جَمِیعًا ۖ لَّهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ ثُمَّ إِلَیْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
Say: "To Allah belongs exclusively (the right to grant) intercession: to Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: In the End, it is to Him that ye shall be brought back''.
مَن كَانَ یُرِیدُ الْعِزَّةَ فَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ جَمِیعًا ۚ إِلَیْهِ یَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّیِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ یَرْفَعُهُ ۚ وَالَّذِینَ یَمْكُرُونَ السَّیِّئَاتِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِیدٌ ۖ وَمَكْرُ أُولَٰئِكَ هُوَ یَبُورُ
If any do seek for glory and power,- to Allah belong all glory and power. To Him mount up (all) Words of Purity: It is He Who exalts each Deed of Righteousness. Those that lay Plots of Evil,- for them is a Penalty terrible; and the plotting of such will be void (of result).
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن یَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَندَادًا یُحِبُّونَهُمْ كَحُبِّ اللَّهِ ۖ وَالَّذِینَ آمَنُوا أَشَدُّ حُبًّا لِّلَّهِ ۗ وَلَوْ یَرَى الَّذِینَ ظَلَمُوا إِذْ یَرَوْنَ الْعَذَابَ أَنَّ الْقُوَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِیعًا وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِیدُ الْعَذَابِ
Yet there are men who take (for worship) others besides Allah, as equal (with Allah): They love them as they should love Allah. But those of Faith are overflowing in their love for Allah. If only the unrighteous could see, behold, they would see the penalty: that to Allah belongs all power, and Allah will strongly enforce the penalty.
Quran states that attestation of God is only enough attestation
أَمْ یَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۖ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَیْتُهُ فَلَا تَمْلِكُونَ لِی مِنَ اللَّهِ شَیْئًا ۖ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تُفِیضُونَ فِیهِ ۖ كَفَىٰ بِهِ شَهِیدًا بَیْنِی وَبَیْنَكُمْ ۖ وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِیمُ
Or do they say, "He has forged it"? Say: "Had I forged it, then can ye obtain no single (blessing) for me from Allah. He knows best of that whereof ye talk (so glibly)! Enough is He for a witness between me and you! And he is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Quran states
لَّٰكِنِ اللَّهُ یَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنزَلَ إِلَیْكَ ۖ أَنزَلَهُ بِعِلْمِهِ ۖ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ یَشْهَدُونَ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِاللَّهِ شَهِیدًا
But Allah beareth witness that what He hath sent unto thee He hath sent from His (own) knowledge, and the angels bear witness: But enough is Allah for a witness.
Quran states about hypocrites
الَّذِینَ یَتَّخِذُونَ الْكَافِرِینَ أَوْلِیَاءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ ۚ أَیَبْتَغُونَ عِندَهُمُ الْعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِیعًا
Yea, to those who take for friends unbelievers rather than believers: is it honour they seek among them? Nay,- all honour is with Allah.
Quran states that greatness belongs God
مَن كَانَ یُرِیدُ الْعِزَّةَ فَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ جَمِیعًا ۚ إِلَیْهِ یَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّیِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ یَرْفَعُهُ ۚ وَالَّذِینَ یَمْكُرُونَ السَّیِّئَاتِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِیدٌ ۖ وَمَكْرُ أُولَٰئِكَ هُوَ یَبُورُ
If any do seek for glory and power,- to Allah belong all glory and power. To Him mount up (all) Words of Purity: It is He Who exalts each Deed of Righteousness. Those that lay Plots of Evil,- for them is a Penalty terrible; and the plotting of such will be void (of result).
All of ranks belong God
الَّذِینَ یَتَّخِذُونَ الْكَافِرِینَ أَوْلِیَاءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِینَ ۚ أَیَبْتَغُونَ عِندَهُمُ الْعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ جَمِیعًا
Yea, to those who take for friends unbelievers rather than believers: is it honour they seek among them? Nay,- all honour is with Allah.
مَن كَانَ یُرِیدُ الْعِزَّةَ فَلِلَّهِ الْعِزَّةُ جَمِیعًا ۚ إِلَیْهِ یَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّیِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ یَرْفَعُهُ ۚ وَالَّذِینَ یَمْكُرُونَ السَّیِّئَاتِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِیدٌ ۖ وَمَكْرُ أُولَٰئِكَ هُوَ یَبُورُ
If any do seek for glory and power,- to Allah belong all glory and power. To Him mount up (all) Words of Purity: It is He Who exalts each Deed of Righteousness. Those that lay Plots of Evil,- for them is a Penalty terrible; and the plotting of such will be void (of result).
God states about intermediate
لَّا یَمْلِكُونَ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَنِ اتَّخَذَ عِندَ الرَّحْمَٰنِ عَهْدًا
None shall have the power of intercession, but such a one as has received permission (or promise) from (Allah) Most Gracious.
وَلَا یَمْلِكُ الَّذِینَ یَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ الشَّفَاعَةَ إِلَّا مَن شَهِدَ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ یَعْلَمُونَ
And those whom they invoke besides Allah have no power of intercession;- only he who bears witness to the Truth, and they know (him).
God also states
قُل لِّلَّهِ الشَّفَاعَةُ جَمِیعًا ۖ لَّهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ ثُمَّ إِلَیْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ
Say: "To Allah belongs exclusively (the right to grant) intercession: to Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: In the End, it is to Him that ye shall be brought back.
God states to soldiers
وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُم مَّا اسْتَطَعْتُم مِّن قُوَّةٍ وَمِن رِّبَاطِ الْخَیْلِ تُرْهِبُونَ بِهِ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ وَآخَرِینَ مِن دُونِهِمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمُ اللَّهُ یَعْلَمُهُمْ ۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا مِن شَیْءٍ فِی سَبِیلِ اللَّهِ یُوَفَّ إِلَیْكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لَا تُظْلَمُونَ
Against them make ready your strength to the utmost of your power, including steeds of war, to strike terror into (the hearts of) the enemies, of Allah and your enemies, and others besides, whom ye may not know, but whom Allah doth know. Whatever ye shall spend in the cause of Allah, shall be repaid unto you, and ye shall not be treated unjustly.
یَا یَحْیَىٰ خُذِ الْكِتَابَ بِقُوَّةٍ ۖ وَآتَیْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِیًّا
(To his son came the command): "O Yahya! take hold of the Book with might": and We gave him Wisdom even as a youth''.
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِیثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَیْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاذْكُرُوا مَا فِیهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
And remember We took your covenant and We raised above you (The towering height) of Mount (Sinai) : (Saying): "Hold firmly to what We have given you and bring (ever) to remembrance what is therein: Perchance ye may fear Allah.
God considers power for his messenger and states
إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلُ رَسُولٍ كَرِیمٍ
. Verily this is the word of a most honourable Messenger
ذِی قُوَّةٍ عِندَ ذِی الْعَرْشِ مَكِینٍ
. Endued with Power, with rank before the Lord of the Throne
In conclusion, only attestation of exalted God is enough for monotheism, mission and …Hence, God states
أَلَیْسَ اللَّهُ بِكَافٍ عَبْدَهُ ۖ وَیُخَوِّفُونَكَ بِالَّذِینَ مِن دُونِهِ ۚ وَمَن یُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ
Is not Allah enough for his Servant? But they try to frighten thee with other (gods) besides Him! for such as Allah leaves to stray, there can be no guide.
إِن تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِیٌّ عَنكُمْ ۖ وَلَا یَرْضَىٰ لِعِبَادِهِ الْكُفْرَ ۖ وَإِن تَشْكُرُوا یَرْضَهُ لَكُمْ ۗ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۗ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُم مَّرْجِعُكُمْ فَیُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِیمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ
If ye reject (Allah), Truly Allah hath no need of you; but He liketh not ingratitude from His servants: if ye are grateful, He is pleased with you. No bearer of burdens can bear the burden of another. In the end, to your Lord is your Return, when He will tell you the truth of all that ye did (in this life). for He knoweth well all that is in (men´s) hearts.
اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِیثِ كِتَابًا مُّتَشَابِهًا مَّثَانِیَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِینَ یَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِینُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ یَهْدِی بِهِ مَن یَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَن یُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ
Allah has revealed (from time to time) the most beautiful Message in the form of a Book, consistent with itself, (yet) repeating (its teaching in various aspects): the skins of those who fear their Lord tremble thereat; then their skins and their hearts do soften to the celebration of Allah´s praises. Such is the guidance of Allah: He guides therewith whom He pleases, but such as Allah leaves to stray, can have none to guide.