Effects of Education from point of view of Quran

The spiritual education (religious and devotional):
Human needs spirituality, devotion, and relation with the creator of the world (Allah) spiritually and mentally. This spiritual tension has been placed in human’s nature.
The holy Quran has focused on this subject and has dealt with the spiritual training of human .Probably it can be considered as the most important dimension of education in the holy Quran because the most important human’s deviations happen in this area. Sometimes, human chooses idols for devotion instead of God and goes astray in the winding course of polytheism.
The generous Quran about this case has considered several categories:
1) Monotheism:
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ(1) اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ(2)
“(Tuhīd, verses 1-2): say: he, Allah, is one Allah is the All-embracing”.
2) Avoiding polytheism:
* وَ اعْبُدُواْ اللَّهَ وَ لَا تُشرِْكُواْ بِهِ شَيًْا وَ بِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَنًا وَ بِذِى الْقُرْبىَ‏ وَ الْيَتَامَى‏ وَ الْمَسَاكِينِ وَ الجَْارِ ذِى الْقُرْبىَ‏ وَ الجَْارِ الْجُنُبِ وَ الصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنبِ وَ ابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يحُِبُّ مَن كَانَ مخُْتَالًا فَخُورًا(36)
“(Nisā, verse 36): and worship Allah and do not associate anything with him….”
3) benediction and its manners:
َ اذْكُر رَّبَّكَ فىِ نَفْسِكَ تَضَرُّعًا وَ خِيفَةً وَ دُونَ الْجَهْرِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَ الاَْصَالِ وَ لَا تَكُن مِّنَ الْغَافِلِينَ(205)
"(Aʻrāf, verse 205): and remember your Lord within yourself humbly and fearing, without being loud, in the morning and the evening, and be not of the heedless ones (neglectful)".
Of course, the devotional manners of Hajj and fast have been expressed in the holy Quran.
Notification 1:
Some precepts and the details of praying have been mentioned in prophet’s (God bless him and his household) and the Innocent’s tradition and the Muslims have been trained in this case.
Notification 2:
In the holy Quran, the benediction of God’s seventeen prophets has been mentioned to teach the way of relationship with God so that people can achieve to spiritual education.
The principles of education in the Quran:
The principles of education include a chain of laws, rules, and educational prescriptions. Relying on its own foundations, these principles can be considered as mental and administrative backing of training operations, the guidance of cogitation and the actions of teachers and trainers. The most important educational principles in the holy Quran include:
1) The moderation principle:
Behaviour in the moderation method and not going to extremes has been admired in the holy Quran in all educational stages and life affairs such as: the individual, family, social, political, and economic life.
Examples:
A) Economic moderation:
B) Moderation in walking and voice:
وَ اقْصِدْ فىِ مَشْيِكَ وَ اغْضُضْ مِن صَوْتِكَ إِنَّ أَنكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الحَْمِيرِ(19)
“(Loqman, verse 19): be modest in your walking, and lower your voice surely the most hateful of voices is the braying of the ass”
C) The gradualness principle:
The Quran accepts the gradual movement in the way of perfection and desirable education and it has been used in many different cases such as encountering to drinking wine.
The holy Quran has used this method in many cases such as: deprivation, combat against oppression with regard to women and the revival of their rights and the elimination of slaving from the human society. This principle about human education is so useful in different dimensions.
D) The principle of leniency (facilitation and easiness:(
Severity on believers in devotions and deeds is not God’s method, but the exalted God expects anyone in the capacity of his/her ability, and this principle should be observed in all stages of human’s education.
E) The principle of human’s respect and greatness:
The holy Quran knows the human as cream of the crop of the world which all things have been created for him. Hence, it prevents from damaging his/her respect and greatness.
F) Changes (alternation) begin from human:
The imposed changes have no effect on education since human is authorized according to the educational foundation of the Quran, and the trainer’s attempts and other factors are grounds for internal changes in human, which appears in the society.
لَهُ مُعَقِّبَاتٌ مِّن بَينْ‏ِ يَدَيْهِ وَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ يحَْفَظُونَهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُغَيرُِّ مَا بِقَوْمٍ حَتىَ‏ يُغَيرُِّواْ مَا بِأَنفُسِهِمْ وَ إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ وَ مَا لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِ مِن وَالٍ(11)
)“Raʻde(thunder), verse11): for each person, there are angels following one another, before him and behind him who guard by Allah’s command; verily, will not change the good and the bestowed condition of a people until they change their own condition. And when Allah intends evil to a people, nothing can prevent it to happen; and they will not find besides him any protector”.
G) The principle of prevention with regard to sins and crimes:
In many different cases, the holy Quran has considered severe punishments for adultery and robbery which can seldom be executed. However, the state of their frightening and preventing are apparent in the Islamic society.
H) The sequence (arrangement) of the educational commands in the Quran:
In many cases, the holy Quran has presented precepts and laws .If they are considered separately, they can cause ambiguity that is not suitable, but if they are considered along with other Qur΄anic laws as a complete and complementary system and complex, they will reveal their appropriate place. For example, the difference of heritage between a man and a woman should be considered according to the women’s dowry and alimony rights to clarify that the economic balance has been observed and applied in the family and the society. Therefore, the economic education of men and women has been properly performed. If each of these precepts is considered without the desirable system of a family in the Islam, it can be imagined as a defective picture in the mind.
I) The elements of education in the holy Quran:
The elements of education mean that backgrounds and reasons have direct or indirect effect on human’s personality formation, moods, and inner structure. In the educational sciences, two basic elements of heritage and environment are emphasized. Of course, it considers natural, social, and cultural, and individual environment and his/her behaviour is considered as the multiplication of the heritage and the environment not their adding.
However, other educational elements (in addition to the mentioned elements) can be obtained from the holy Quran.
Heredity:
Because of heredity, attributes, physical features, some mental, ethical and behavior characteristics are transferred from parents or ancestors to children. It includes all factors that there are in genes when the sperm (zygote) is formed, and they influence individual sin positive or negative direction as necessity and preparation.
وَ قَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبّ‏ِ لَا تَذَرْ عَلىَ الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا(2)
إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّواْ عِبَادَكَ وَ لَا يَلِدُواْ إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا(27)
)“Nūh, verses 26-27): and Nuh said; my Lord! Do not leave any of disbeliever on the earth If you leave them, they will mislead your worshipers and will not beget except vicious ingrates”.
يَأُخْتَ هَرُونَ مَا كاَنَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَ مَا كاَنَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا(28)
“(Maryam, verse 28): O sister of Aaron! Your father was not a corrupt man or your mother an unchaste woman”.
Since the effect of heritage is considered as necessity, persons can move in the opposite direction, and do not follow the mental, ethical, devotional characteristics of parents as this topic has repeatedly happened during the history, and the holy Quran has referred to some examples such as Nūh’s son:
قَالَ يَنُوحُ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ إِنَّهُ عَمَلٌ غَيرُْ صَالِحٍ فَلَا تَسَْلْنِ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنىّ‏ِ أَعِظُكَ أَن تَكُونَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ(46)
)“Hūd, verse 46): he (Allah) said: O Nūh! Surely, he is not your family; verily he is unrighteous conduct. So do not ask a request of me that you have no knowledge (about it); surely I admonish you, lest you may be one of the ignorant”.
Environment:
The environmental factors influence human from the moment of sperm formation until death. These environmental factors include womb, place that mother lives, family, friends, school, society, office, and even cultural, political and religious environments that have positive or negative effect on a person as necessity and preparation. The holy Quran has noticed to these educational factors and has stated many different effects of family, society, government, etc…
Examples:
1) The effect of friend:
يَاوَيْلَتىَ‏ لَيْتَنىِ لَمْ أَتخَِّذْ فُلَانًا خَلِيلًا(28)
“(Furqan, verse 28): woe to me! I wish I had not taken such as my friend”.
2) The effect of parents:
وَ وَصَّيْنَا الْانسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ حُسْنًا وَ إِن جَهَدَاكَ لِتُشْرِكَ بىِ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا إِلىَ‏َّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكمُ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ(8)
“(ʻAnkabūt,(spider),verse 8): and we have enjoined man (human) to be good and kindness to his/ her parents. But if they try to mislead you to ascribe to me will be your turn, so I will inform you what you did”.
3) The effect of teacher and education:
قَالَ لَهُ مُوسىَ‏ هَلْ أَتَّبِعُكَ عَلىَ أَن تُعَلِّمَنِ مِمَّا عُلِّمْتَ رُشْدًا(66)
“(Ca΄ve, verse 66): Moses said to him; may I follow you so that you teach me right conduct (knowledge) of what you have been taught” ?
Of course, according to these environmental factors, the education is necessity and preparation and human is not absolute submission and obedient. The holy Quran in many different cases is soliciting changes in the environment. In addition, even people who are involved in difficulties, due to environmental pressures and poverty, are admonished because they have not changed their environment and have not emigrated.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّئهُمُ الْمَلَئكَةُ ظَالِمِى أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُواْ فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُواْ كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فىِ الْأَرْضِ قَالُواْ أَ لَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتهَُاجِرُواْ فِيهَا فَأُوْلَئكَ مَأْوَئهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَ سَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا(97)
)“Nisā(women)verse 97): surely, those whom the angles take away while they are wronging (unjust) to themselves. They (angles) ask them: what state were you in? They reply; we were weekend (abased) and oppressed on the earth. The angles will say; was not Allah’s earth vast enough for you to migrate in it? For such people their abode is hell, and what an evil destination”.
Notification:
In the holy Quran, the educational role of God’s prophets has been presented strongly and this is one of environmental educational elements (like teacher) that has been focused less while the present civilization culture of human is indebted to educational troubles of God’s prophets.
The management of yourself (reflections and desires:(
The holy Quran introduces human as the origin of changes and transitions because as long as the human does not desire, the heritage and environmental elements cannot effect on him/her and change his/her destiny. In contrast, human can overcome the congenital and the environmental factors by using his/her reflection and will.
Non-material factors (Divine):
From the point of view of the holy Quran, some oracular factors are effective in human’s education (such as: God, revelation, angels…). This education factor has been neglected in many educational schools and can be considered as the scientific theorization of the Quran in the area of educational sciences.
sciences.
1) God’s inspirations to human’s soul:
وَ نَفْسٍ وَ مَا سَوَّئهَا(7) فَأَلهَْمَهَا فجُُورَهَا وَ تَقْوَئهَا(8)
“(Shams (the sun), verses 7-8): and by the soul and who perfected it and he (God) inspired it (soul) both its wrong and its right”.
2) The training role (education) of God’s supervision over human’s deeds:
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ(1) خَلَقَ الْانسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ(2) اقْرَأْ وَ رَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ(3) الَّذِى عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ(4)
“(A΄laq, verse 14): does he not know that Allah sees him?”
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كاَنَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا(1)
“(Nisā(women),verse 1):surely God ever watches over you”.
3) The training role of angels supervision over human’s speeches and deeds:
مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ(18)
)“Qāf, verse 18): he will utter no statement unless he has an observer (angel) read to note it down”.
أَمْ يحَْسَبُونَ أَنَّا لَا نَسْمَعُ سِرَّهُمْ وَ نجَْوَئهُم بَلىَ‏ وَ رُسُلُنَا لَدَيهِْمْ يَكْتُبُونَ(80)
(Zukh΄ruf, verse 80): or do they suppose that we do not hear their secret talks? We do indeed know all, because our angles are with them to write down what they say”.
When the good deeds are inspired to human and he/she knows himself/herself under inspection of God and angels (that write all thing), it can be effective over human’s training because it prevents him/her from the indecent deeds and leads to good deeds.