Translator: Davood Salehan
Source: Rasekhoon.net
Source: Rasekhoon.net
Mafdal (National Religious Party) is one of the religious Zionist parties, which was established in 1956 with the union of two Zionist religious parties with a history of
Party Mafdal since the installations until 1977, was old allies of Hamazramy and Habueel Hamrzamy parties on the one hand, and the Mebay Party was established since the half of the third decade on the other hand, and it maintained it all and took part in all the allied cabinets which were formed by leadership of Mebay party or the labor party until 1977. During this period, Mafdal was traditionally in charge of two ministries of religions and the country and the highest efforts were focused on the internal affairs directly linked to the religious nature of the state and the interests of religiosities and it did not involve itself in foreign policy, security, social and economic issues and this issue made the Mafdal party a great and problemless partner for Mebay and Labor parties in most of the cabinets that the two parties formed. during the presence in cabinet during the first three decades of installation of Israeli government, Mafdal did all the efforts to create and organize religious and social institutions to respond to the needs of its followers, the development of a network of religious education in public and institutions religious education affiliated to the party and improvement of the quality of health and social services provided to the religiosities and it has tried to maintain the present position which is the remnants of pre-existing time of formation of the Israeli government, through necessary legislation in the Knesset.
But following the defeat of the Labor Party in the 1977 elections and Likud party coming to power which is called "political coup", Mafdal stopped supporting the Labor Party and allied with the nationalist right parties. The party in the cabinet that Menachem Begin formed after the elections of 1977 and 1981 as well as the cabinets of national unity took part in the elections of 1988 and 1992, but it refused to have participation in the cabinet that was set up after the elections in 1992 by labor party leadership. This new position with a radical upheaval which surrounded Mafdal since the mid-seventies and turned the party from a moderate party in the field of foreign and security affairs (issues related to the occupied territories are a part of foreign and security affairs) into a strongly nationalist party and it converted from a religious party to the party that puts the subject of
Changes in attitudes and priorities of Mafdal following consistent confrontation happened during the seventies and the early eighties among the old leaders of the party who had closer political positions than the position of the Labor Party, and young party members led by Zefulun Hummer and Yahud Ibn Meir. Hamrobn Meier and other young people of Mafdal party were influenced by the ideas of Rabbi Tsfy Judah Hkohyn Cook, spiritual leader and head of Ghush Aymonym movement and head of Pshyfat Mzhkaz Haraf. The rabbi knows the Land of Israel in the sanctity equivalent as
In the first half of the eighties, Mafdal faced with two branches that led to the weakness of the party and the loss of a large part of its electoral base. In 1981, on the eve of the tenth Knesset, a group of Oriental Jews, led by A’hrun Abuhatsyra in protest against the domination of Ashkenazi Jews for leadership and institutions of Mafdal, separated the party and formed a new party named Tommy (variation of consult of Israel or the heritage of Israel). The party attracted a large number of votes of the Oriental Jews in the election (who earlier had voted in favor of Mafdal) so it won three seats in the Knesset, and in 1983, another group of extremist members of the Mafdal (politically and religiously) led by two rabbis, Joseph Shabyra and Chaim Drukman as a protest against the positions of the leaders of this party to some political and settlements issues, split the party and formed a new party called Metsad (religious Zionist party). On the eve of the 1984 elections, Metsad Party were united Bualy of Israel led by Rabbi Abraham Fierdyghmer and a group of Aymvnym Ghush EEmonim movement led by Menan Borat (derived from the Hathya) and formed Mora Shah (legacy). The party in the election by attracting the votes of a part of supporters of Mafdal who politically had extremist tendencies could enter two candidates to the Knesset. Shabyra, Drukman and Borat returned to Mafdal party at different times.
When we look at the depth of the issue we find out that conflicts and divisions within Mafdal are in fact reflect of a number of root political and social changes that took place in the last two decades in Israel (including the growth of nationalistic emotions, development of thoughts of Haridieh sect and political role of different sects of Oriental Jews). The changes led to weaken of the traditional electoral base of Mafdal and weakening the role of the party in the Israeli parliament. Mafdal Party's seats in Knesset that in the first three decades of Israeli installations was from 10 to 12 seats, in the years 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, became respectively 6, 4, 5 and 6 seats. With the weakening of Mafdal, the balance of power within the camp pf religiosity in recent decade shifted in favor of Haredi parties so the strength of the parties was almost twice the power of Mafdal party while before the situation was the opposite.
In the last Knesset elections (1992), Rfulun Hummer, Mafdal's leader, was at top of the electoral list of the party. In this election, the political program of Mafdal was extreme. The most important points of the program included: lack of ceding any part of the so-called Land of Israel to foreigners; no damage to any Jewish settlement; united Jerusalem as capital of the State and the nation of Israel and it will be; counter-terrorism and the uprising of the Palestinian people (Intifada ), the government of Israel alone is responsible for security and safety and maintaining public order, and it needs the army, security devices and all the necessary equipment; the Golan Heights are integral part of Israel and in no peace negotiations it should not be returned to Syria.
Supreme Council of Israeli rabbis and religious education institutions are owned by Mafdal and the runs a number of Yeshiva, vocational school and high school for Talmud and it has a great influence at the University Bar - Ilan built in the fifties. Defender of settlement movement of Hkybots Hedati (religious kibbutz) contains a number of kibbutz and tens of Mushafah, and children of Akyfa youth movement formed in 1929 and a women's movement that has been formed in the sixties decade; they all are linked to Mafdal. The party also has several financial and economic institutions and Hamazramy Bank, Bank Bueeyl Hamazramy and Construction Company of Mshhaf are all at its disposal. Htsufyh newspaper is an organ of Mafdal Party.
Number of seats the Mafdal party in different periods of the Knesset: third Knesset (1955) 11 seats (with the name of religious nationalist front); fourth Knesset (1959) 12 seats, the fifth Knesset (1961) 12 seats, the sixth Knesset (1965) 11 seats; seventh Knesset (1969) 12 seats, the eighth Knesset (1973) 10 seats, the ninth Knesset (1977) 12 seats, the tenth Knesset (1981) 6 seats; the eleventh Knesset (1984) 4 seats; Knesset XII (1988) 15 seats in the Thirteen Knesset (1992 ) 6 seats.
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