Foundations of Political and military principles in Israeli thinking

1. Israel with an area of about 20700 square kilometers is in the northern hemisphere, Eastern Hemisphere, southwest Asia, and in the Middle East, in the East Mediterranean Sea and neighbors with Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt. According to history stories, after the Ottoman defeat in the First World War, Palestine was occupied by British troops and in 1922 the League of Nations placed it under the guardianship of England. In 1948, British evacuated their forces from Palestine and by the arrangements that had been predicted before, Israel came into the life.
In this way, a glance at the history of this several decade life reflects the fact that Israel pays more attention to its military troops and although the country has not been at war continuously, but the truth of life is drawn in such a way that every moment should expect the event of war. So the Israel has to hold the readiness of its Defense Forces in high level. This fact originates from the Israel's geo-strategic special position. The importance of this issue is till that level that Israel, even after the signing of peace agreements, to guarantee its borders, especially the eastern border, is forced to hold its troops ready and thus perhaps in less nationals, security issue with such a manifestation appear. So whether in the theoretical field or practical point, any kinds of analysis requires accurate and sufficient information of Israel’s practical ways in various fields, especially in the military field.
2. Israeli Defense Forces: IDF On 26 May 1948 that about 12 days after the issuance of the Declaration of Independence, was established. In fact, the creation of the Israeli army that the organization and its mechanism were discussed a long time ago was considered as a response to a need that Israel after the war with the Arabs felt it well. A little earlier, it means in June of 1947, when Ben-Gurion, leader of the Jews, came to the office of the Department of Defense, tried for dealing with the Arabs, equip the existence resources and manpower which is now under the guise of "Hagana" it means volunteer Jewish men and women appear, In an acceptable form. In this regard, in October of that year Hagana budget raised to the highest possible amount. Hagana activities expanded in Europe. A group of Jewish partisans were organized in France and Jewish volunteers were registered for this purpose in the United States. The financial resources of the Jewish world were collected to create an independent Jewish army in Palestine, Thus, when the British government on 15 May 1948, handed over the affairs of Palestine to Israel, Ben-Gurion had a ready army. In this regard, an officer in the Israeli army who called Beer said that Zionism’s strategy during the Second World War was that avoiding conflict with the Allies as much as possible to be able to use the proper position and under the auspices of the British army form and develop a security force of Jewish.
In the meantime, along with the Jewish settlement in Palestine and not surrendering Arabs living in that region against the Zionists, Little by little, the idea of using military forces effectively was created among the newcomers. The idea in later years, when the Arabs guerrilla forces hearted to Israeli bases, became stronger.
3. Looking at the army in 1948 after the war, showed significant differences in this army and the Haganah in 1947. In 1948, coinciding with the implementation of the new command structure in the army, trained troops and weapons added to the army and thus the local guerrilla army Haganah had become national army. In addition, creation of command combat forces in the mentioned year, as an answer to the need for more coordination, followed more successful performance.
IDF has seen as subsequent of their war, based on the review of the outcome of battles and analyses of the strengths and weaknesses, small and great changes. in 1948 these forces by using modern methods of training and increasing the quantity of weapons, make changes in command structure and give the headquarters of combat troops new life. The head quarter of military was discussed as the directed of the major strategic issue, and with all the intelligence, logistics and staffs continued their activities. Wars of 1956 and of the period after that until 1967 were other stages for evolution in the IDF. The scientific progress of this period in some areas - technical, economic and social, had followed a review of military doctrines and a planning of military which fits it. It was here that the establishing and improvement of attack power and developing and strengthening the task forces became important in the IDF and this action overshadowed all parts of his army. The IDF must be the owner of such a large invasion that can move with speed and power factor, fast fire operational and blitz to deal with enemies implemented. Thus, Israel was looking for before moving enemies, major blows to bring them. During the 1970s, the military developments showed that a new organization has emerged as a requirement. It was considered as the direct result of the correspondents’ attention to the inefficiency of the authorities to support ground forces. For this reason, the Commander changed to the General Staff which has more power and authority. In the 1980s other problems in the field of human resources and economic limitations became clear to Israel that sometimes led to changes in some policies.
4. Israeli military forces along its main roles, In the process of political decisions reflect a significant role. Israel, on its own terms, from the beginning, always thinks about a strong army as a major factor in the political equation. IDF is a powerful tool in the hands of Israeli politicians that it can only help to close the pre-determined goals. Israeli military reality is such that it can be claimed that the IDF is not that emerged as a national organization, but a military government that has come out of the army.
In this regard examination of the army in political scene requires a return to the past. Ben-Gurion's decision, making the units of IDF non-political, although he was successful to a large degree but this does not mean that the IDF is a non-political organization, but on the contrary, its important political effects in its influence in the adoption and implementation of government policies in the field of foreign affairs and national security and also consider the influence of the retired officers can be seen.
IDF Officers in various ways but in an indirect way are Effective in determining government policies and are critical in political - military that in this way we can mention to the monthly meeting of the Chief of Staff and the commander of military intelligence with the parliamentary defense committee and noted foreign Affairs committee. In this regard though military analysts believe in Israel, surrounding and monitoring on issues such as war and peace is in the hands of civilians, when it is necessary, they consult with military advisers and their experts but this does not mean the loss of Army importance and it does not have an effective Penetration on national security issues. That is why the government in the issues that linked to the national security and defense policies insists on a military professional consultation.
Comments and suggestions of chiefs of staff usually are said directly to the Prime Minister. It is clear that in cases of disagreement between these two positions, trump card is in the hands of the prime minister. The context in which interactions between IDF and demonstrates civilian spheres, the relationship between military agencies and strategic decisions and tactics Israel, according to their specific conditions including geographical location and also the position of some countries, should always rely on its military power in critical situations.
The existence of the reliable army with favorable performance, apart from the devices such as the need for manpower and weapons-quality and appropriate technology, the third parameter as political doctrine - an Israeli military is based. The argument that as one of the most important consideration is the issue is based on the foundation of the political and military level that it has two layers of strategic and tactical military level.

- Political level

The level of political doctrine in Israeli military has some points which are highlighted as follows:
- The most important item on the political dimension of the doctrine in question is the goal of the Arab states to eliminate the Israel. This is at time that they feel they have the power to do so.
- Peace is very desirable but security is more important.
- Israel must accept that it is a country in isolation. Therefore, it's the principle that in cases of emergency must rely only on their own strength.
- In the event of war, Israel must have the support of at least one major power. Friendship with at least one major power in peacetime is also desirable.
- Israel considers the following factors to the outbreak of war:
- A threat to any one of the borders of Israel by enemy forces.
- Increasing the Arab guerrilla forces so intolerable and the inadequacy of the compensation policies of Israel For the deal with it.
- disrupting the balance of power in eastern frontiers.
- Jeopardizing Israel's security by disrupting the balance contributions that to the Arabs against the aid that Israel receives.
- Israel will work with the limitations of economic and financial to reach the highest level of military self-sufficiency. But about the sensitive weapons, these restrictions are not considered.
- Israel is a Jewish state that is trying to preserve the national character and global. Israeli attention to Jews as one of their duties intends and interested in expanding relations with the Jews the world. Israel, the Jewish communities of the world as a permanent and reliable source of support is considered to be For Israel. as can be seen political level political doctrine - Israeli military Included is an important hints Which topped of them is the security issue, ways to preserve it and finally trying to a kind of emotional unity among the Jews of the world than Israel's. Political level doctrine is discussed as a strategic level - Support the other levels of this doctrine appears. Since the basic strategic orientations have propounded and its support order to the military level that question will be discussed in sequence, as takes slaves in between.

- Military level

The second level of double- doctrine discussed is military level. Military level of Israel's doctrine of political, it is composed of two layers of strategic and tactical that we discussed and examine about them.

Strategic layers:

Strategic Layer political-military doctrine of Israel consists of principles are as follows:
- The Israeli army IDF in when facing danger, policy-based attacks will follow.
- This is the iron law of Israel's military doctrine that in the event of war, it should be quickly transferred to other country to continue there.
- The Israeli army should try their utmost to make to the war, is to get the initiative on the battlefield.
- According to international agreement and barley world public opinion, the time available to start and directing is very short an operation therefore, decisions about the ways to achieve success in the shortest time possible, be performed.
If the threat that Israel is facing the kind of long, the state of emergency by the IDF and especially the air force and intelligence agents will be high. According to economic conditions and population of Israel IDF must use the power saving system. At the time of announcement of the mobilization of reserve forces, should as soon as possible, to prepare. IDF is obliged to expand their forces and implementation of strategic plans based on the assumption that the Arab military forces, Coherent and united way, will be attack to Israel such coherent and united way. The main objective of the IDF in peace time is a state of deterrence that based on it enemy do not go to wrong about Israel enemy do not go wrong. What you see on strategic layer the level of military and political doctrine – Israel it can be said is that, this layer due to the time factor is very important. on the other side, to achieve the shortest possible time Israeli forces trying to maximize his speed in various operations in addition to based on the phenomenon of deterrence in this layer is crucial for Israel because Not only him to his ultimate goal that obtaining the Security, but also of wasting resources during a possible war prevent it.

Tactical layer:

The second layer of the Israeli military and political doctrine is tactical level that has some main principles:
Strategic plans should be able to fields of achieving the maximum amount of freedom for the Commanders providing programs should be able to matters such as initiative, flexibility, ability to make decisions for local commander of the unforeseen and unexpected and Even changing some action plans for guaranteed to Achieving faster to predetermined goals.
- One of the most important principles in this layer, due to the quality of the commands in the low and medium-level command in the Israeli army.
- IDF Focuses on quality over quantity and trying to with optimum use of experts in different fields increases on the quality. An excellent example of this could be an attempt to keep the level high of weapons and military equipment maintenance standards considered decreased losses of material and human resources, considered in basic and general policy in all projects strategic and tactical. Now, in the analysis of Israel's military and political doctrine it can be claimed that the two phenomena military organization and civil society, both at the tactical level as well as at the strategic level, there is a considerable continuity and consistency. Integration unity, principles Israeli political and military in mind is based on the foundation of ideas that we talk about it earlier. That is why the military and civilian decision makers have been able to based on the above-mentioned principles, work and interact with each other. As an example the interaction between the two factors, time constraints with regard to international conditions that are attention of politicians and the need for speedy action to reach the targets objectives of the structural characteristics of the Israeli army, the perfect app for IDF is created.
- Mentioned principles create a framework attitude through which Israel plans to draw its current regional and international. In fact, through this framework that Israel's relations with various countries, especially neighbors, are formed. relations with countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and Jordan on the one hand and the relationship between the major European powers and the United States on the other hand and finally close attention to the events and trends in important areas and usually crisis-prone world such as the Persian Gulf, never was and never will be mentioned outside the military and political considerations. Israel is trying to create a security margin in its northern borders with Lebanon with a glance to natural resources, dogmatic thinking about Golan and pressure on Syria to force it to surrender in the face of Israel's political objectives, Support of Jordan and Israeli policies in the West Bank, trying to continue the steady competence with Egypt as a land of different with movements in other Arab countries that fundamental changes Israeli military and political decisions can play an effective role, Is significant. Israel scrutiny in matters of Persian Gulf as the most important area is to maintain a balance between the various elements on the one hand and the supply of fuel needed for world news the Oil, the other hand, the relation with the West of developed countries in Europe and the United States and other countries in various aspects of political, economic, cultural and security, the interpreter views the relatively clear vision within the military and political principles Israel is thought, is evident.