The fields of emersion of Ottoman (Othmani)

1 – Entrance of Islam in Minor Asia:

After the advent of Islam in the << Saudi Arabia >> peninsula and the development of international regulation towards the East, that followed by the surrender and defeat of the Sassanid Empire, during the first hegira century, << Iran >> became one of the Muslim countries. Umayyad rulers after the domination on Iran, in the early of eighth centuries, anno domini century (early second hegira centuries), they went to the border of northeastern of Iran and tribes that were famous to << Oghor >> converted to Islam. (Seljuki) tribes that resided in the "Mavara O Nahr" and "Samarkand", as the body of the army of Islam in that regions gained military ranks.
While caliphs to expand his ascendancy in Iran and Empire "Byzantine" and for the satisfaction of his deputies, that were often greedy, gave the country that they could take from the neighbors, as a grant [as Velayati] to them. The Turkish cchairmen who were property owners in this way, finally, became more powerful than their caliph who they were his main forces, and grabbed the decline of the caliphate and make themselves completely independent.
Thus, since the beginning of the eleventh centuries, one of the Turkish chairmen of the “Seljuk” established Seljuk dynasty.
Ghaznavians who were the ruler of << Iran >> in the same time, signed an agreement with Seljuk Begs But the Seljuks were not adhere to it and at first in the 416 sun hegira (1037 AD) aggressed to << Marv >> and called a sermon named << Chaghary >> And then in "Nishapur" another sermon named << Tugrul >>. They forced Sultan Masood Ghaznavid to flee to "India”. Then Iranian government went into the hands of the Seljuks and they were the rulers of Iran. Tugrul Beig was able to attract the confidence and trust of Abbasid caliph and in 434 SH. (1055 AD.) He was officially confirmed.
After Tugrul Beig’s victory in front of the Buye’s clan that was Shiites, in 437 S H. (1058 AD) during the ceremony entered into "Baghdad" and the Caliph by putting a crown on his head, called him Sultan.
Seljuks by having political authorityy changed the balance of power within the scope of the << Middle East >> In favor of Sunni and from that time until the Safavid, Shi'ite Muslims were weak.
Seljuks by the means of the Tugrul’s leadership after the conquest of "Baghdad”, went to the West and the land of << Armenia >> and began fight with the emperor "Byzantine", fourth Romanus Diogenes. As a result in year of 450 SH. (1017 AD.), Emperor failed at the Battle of Manzikert and was captured by the Seljuk sultan, Alp Arslan, as the Greeks refer to it as the terrible day. After this big failure of the Christian civilization, in 474 SH. (1095 AD.) the first crusade war was launched against Muslims.
A century after Manzikert, the Miriokafalon war that was the stabilization of the Seljuk Empire Borders and "Byzantine" happened. Until this time, it means the 13th AD. Centuries (seventh H.), Salajeghe’s political authority was pervaded on the "Iran" and "Central Anatolia" and "Armenia" But still the religious authority of the caliph has been maintained in the "Baghdad".
At the height of the power of Seljuk Empire, after Sultan Malik Shah dead, during the power struggle that was happened, the Seljuks was divided into four parts: Kerman Seljuks, the Syria Seljuks, , Iraq Seljuks and Khorasan and Anatolian Seljuks. Due to the existence weakness, Kharazmshahian found authority in Iran. But the Anatolian Seljuks, still were the powerful and has received some signs such as turban, grave clothes, cane and ... for verification and also Provisions of the rule of the sovereignty from the caliph of Baghdad. Until in the year 622 SH. (1243 AD) in the war named Koseye Dagh (it means hot shark), nomadic Mongol tribes invaded the borders of the Anatolian Seljuk and made them collapse.
Lands of Seljuk of Rome, after the defeat, were supported by the Halako khan Mongols and the captains or Muslim fighters, each of them has occupied a part of the << Anatolian >> (Minor Asia) so that 10 independent and rival capital were formed under the supervision of the Mughal empire.
Third Aladdin, the last king of Seljuks, before he was killed by Moghollan in 686 SH. (1307 AD.), had given one of the regions and areas under its authority named "Ski Shahr" that is, "Soltan Anu" or "Jebheye Soltan", to a military commander called Ertuğrul.
Ertuğrul, who was governor of one of the ten regions, started to expand his empire; because in this conquest border, there is no mandatory to bring people to Islam, Islamic culture gradually has entered into people's lives as far as converting to Islam was strong.

2 – The Appearance of the Ottomans

After the death of Ertuğrul in 667 SH. (1288 AD), his little son was selected as his successor named Osman. He by reflecting on the way the government began to strengthen himself. Then after 12 years, it means in 679 SH. (1300 AD.), with a surprise attack on << Byzantine >> army, attacked and defeated them in a placed named << Qoyoon Hesar >>.
The success was his reputation, then, without any acceleration in the year 686 SH. (1307 AD. ), began another attack to achieve << Black Sea >>, Then for the first time << Bosphorus >> was against the Ottoman Empire.
Usman by conquering the "Yani Shahr" could organized its troops and nomadic populations in a stable center and placed there as his center of capital. He blocked the seaway of the "Busra" and "Nikumedia” to "Constantinople" until he was died in 705 SH. (1326 AD.). He was buried in Busra facing to Constantinople, where later his successors were buried.
Considering Osman as the first Ottoman Sultan is acceptable because he was the first person who has ruled as an independent king, but his father has always been under the servant of the Seljuk Sultan. He soon after, in 705 SH. (1326 AD) died, and left his place to his more important son << Orkhan >>. Among the very modest and said property of Usman, There was a two blade sword that its shape recalls the sword of Caliph Omar. And Aladdin sent that with a flag as a sign of good governance to him.
According to narrations, the sword is the same sword that still can be seen in the treasury of the Empire and kings during the coronation closed it to their waists. By the beginning of the rule of << Orkhan >>, almost all components of an authoritarian regime in the form of a ruling Sultan emerged.