The Muhammad’s hegira; the end of Jews era (1)

The principal enemies of the prophet (peace be upon him and his family); the heathens of Mecca and the Jews of Medina

Mecca, the harsh period for the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)
“You are a priestess till the end”.
The prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s prophecy started by inviting relatives and it lasted for three years. In these years a group of people joined the holy Islam and a small society founded in Mecca. The leaders of Koreysh were just reveling and while they were aware of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family)’s secret invitation more or less, they had no reaction about it.
The second era of the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s prophecy became also open by the command of God.
“Scare the close relatives”.
When the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) invited Koreysh to Islam, the heresy front deployed against the belief front and warning bells started to ring among heathens. After a while, Islam penetrated all Koreysh tribes and a group of people believed in the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) from each tribe which worried the heathens. They concluded to destroy the new religion from every possible way. Since enticing the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was useless, Koreysh decided to bother and torture the Muslims. Tribalism was strong among the Arabs. For instance, if someone would steal something from a tribe, and he was caught by that tribe and his leg was fractured during this, the other tribe would absolutely fracture one leg of a man from that tribe, too. If someone was killed, someone must have been killed from the other tribe, too. The only way to stop killing, was a marriage between the two tribes and the crisis would be handled in this way. This was a good condition for Muslims, because if a Muslim was hurt by a tribe, the members of his tribe would have protected him and taken revenge. The heathens understood that this attitude would aid Muslims and helps their development. Hence, in the fifth year of prophetic mission, at a meeting, they decided that each tribe would be hard on the new Muslims and torture them so that there would be no fight or struggle between tribes. As a result the condition became so hard for Muslims.
In this intolerable situation, the holy prophet (peace be upon him and his family) commanded the Muslims of Mecca to migrate to Habasheh to be safe; because there had a fair and powerful governor. Muslims left by leadership of Jaffar. By hegira of Muslims to Habasheh, the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) went beyond boarders of Mecca and on the other hand, Muslims were reinforced and they could even proselyte and spread the Islam away from the heathens. Their migration was so difficult for heathens; so they sent a group to return them. At this time the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was not with Muslims yet heathens could not succeed. Putting helpers of the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) under financial and political pressure was another device of heathens for preventing Islam widespread development. The followers inhabited in Shoab abi Taleb Valley and any exchange between Muslims and non-Muslims was called forbidden. This surrounding lasted for three years. The pressure was so strong that the Bani Hashem’s children even wailed. Young people and men spent the daytime by only one date a day. During whole these years, just in forbidden (haram) months, Bani Hashem ware coming out to exchange some stuff and returned. Only during these months the holy prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had a chance to spread his religion. This condition finished after three years.
There are varied riwayats (narrations) about the connection of the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and people of Medina. Their first connection with the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was in the eighth year of prophetic mission when the leaders of Khazraj had come to Mecca in order to collect warriors against Oos, but leaders of heathens did not cooperate with them and they declared the reason why is struggling with the prophet (peace be upon him and his family). These people traveled in a Haram month and the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) was in Masjid al-Haram. In this journey some of Khazraj’s leaders tended to Islam after negotiating with the prophet (peace be upon him and his family). Next year, a number of them believed in Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) after meeting him. Next year during the Hajj twelve men undertook with him in Aghabe and they invited the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) to immigrate to Medina. They said: we have been fighting over ruling on Medina for years; you could be the solution to Medina’s crisis. He accepted their invitation under a condition: that whole Medina’s people accept Islam and believe in it. Thus they asked for money. He sent Mus’ab ibn ‘Umair for this. These actions caused the second oath of Aghabeh. In this oath, Yasreb’s people undertook with the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) to protect him as they protect their children and wives. The heathens were scared because the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) now had a new base; and they found whole their plans for stopping the Islam spread as a useless effort.
Another consult meeting beheld in Dar al-Nodvah and the final result was to select a number of men from each tribe to invade the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s home at night and kill him and segment his body. God awarded the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and missioned him to emigrate. Ali (peace be upon him) slept in his bed instead of him and the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) left Mecca overnight. While the heathens invaded the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s home, the saw Ali (peace be upon him) who was sleeping in bed instead of the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) self-sacrificingly. Their conspiracy failed this way and the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) entered Medina. The prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s hegira to Medina, was a great shock for heathens and the Jews and Mecca.

Medina, the confrontation of Jews with the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)

In order to stop the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s power and domination development, Jews precluded the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s path which was in north of Medina to Ghods.
He had a limited opportunity to pass their obstacles which made him slow. During thirteen years in Mecca, the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) neither had power nor the right to protect himself and others or react against the tortures because of the dominant condition in Medina and relatives and tribes relations. The heathens used to calm down when the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) did not react to their tortures and even sometimes they helped to cure him. He was still popular among them; because he had served all of them before prophetic mission.
If the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had been tough with them from the beginning, struggles would have started among them in the first days of prophetic mission and he would have failed, even when they decided on his murder, they tended to do it secretly; because if they had murdered him openly, those heathen would have helped him; because they still recognized the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) as a member of themselves and he had aided them many times. These were the people of Mecca who gave their money to Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) and deposited their properties this way. These individual and emotional and civic relations were still strong among them which stopped the leaders of heathens from any open action against Muhammad al-Amin (the Trustworthy). But when the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) went to Medina, this city became like an enemy encampment for people of Mecca and Medina became like their encampment; so the invasion of Medina’s people started. Jews took the most advantages of this situation; hence, the moment the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) entered Medina, God mentioned:
“Permission is given to them with whom the infidels fight because they were oppressed. And there is no doubt; Allah is necessarily powerful to help them”.
After that, the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had to use sword; because if he had not protected himself there too, they would have set fire to Medina.
The rule and power of the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) started from Medina and developed; Therefore, open actions of Jews against the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and Islam began from this very time.

Deceitful oath of Jews with the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)

Islam came into Medina in the eighth year of prophetic mission and the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) emigrated in the thirteenth year. People had five years long to investigate about Islam and the prophet (peace be upon him and his family). They knew lots of people in Mecca who had recognized the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) since his birth; yet, when the holy prophet (peace be upon him and his family) entered Medina, a council including the three Jewish tribes of Bani Qurayzeh, Bani Nazir, and Bani Ghingha came to the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and asked him: what are you inviting people to? He mentioned:” I invite them to testify monotheism and my mission; I am the one whom you can find my name in Torah and your lettered ones have said that I will raise from Mecca and will immigrate to Medina…”
The Jews said: we heard what you said; now we are here to make peace with you so that we would not relate to your benefit or loss and we would not aid anyone who is against you and we would not complain about your helpers; you do not complain about us and our friends, too so that we will find out how you and your folk go on. The prophet (peace be upon him and his family) accepted, and a contract was written in which Jews must not act against the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and his helpers by use of weapon, animals, hands, or words openly or secretly, overnight or in daytime. The prophet (peace be upon him and his family) had the right to kill Jews, and captivate their wives and children and take their properties as loot if they ignored these commitments. The prophet (peace be upon him and his family) wrote separate contracts for each of these tribes.
In Quran God says about Jews:
“The worst enemy of people, who believed in, is Jews and heathens”.
The Jew’s technique was gathering and bringing heathens to war square before starting any operation against the prophet (peace be upon him and his family). Jews were the principal axis and enmity of heathens was subordinated to Jews; in other words, if the main motor (Jews) had stopped; subordinating operations would have stopped, too.
In heathen’s operations against the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) we must find the clue of Jew’s conspiracy in Mecca. This subject was clear in the battles of Uhud and Khandagh; however, we must notice more carefully in the battle of Badr to find the clues.

Jew’s mental operations against Islam

One. Bow to Koreysh’s idols
The Koreysh’s unbelievers asked from Jewish lettered of Yasreb about the messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) and his mission that whether it is right or not. The lettered told them to ask plenty of questions from the messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) and wait for his answer. The prophet (peace be upon him and his family) responded all of them, but they did not believe in anyway.
After Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family)’s migration to Medina, a group of Jewish grandees went to Medina. The heathens asked them: which religion is better? Ours or Muhammad’s? The Jewish lettered said: your religion is better than Muhammad’s and you are better guided than him and his followers.
Some analysts have recognized the shane nuzul (background) of this verse about the same subject:
“Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They believe in Jibt and Taghut and say to the disbelievers that they are better guided as regards the way than the believers (Muslims)”.
Even Jews bowed to Koreysh’s idols to ensure them that their religion is better.
Tow. Motivation of unwise wrath
Jews knew that unity of inner Medina’s tribes, Oos and Kharaj, in so practical in Islam development; thus, they made them rabid by memorizing inner wars which had happened during pre-Islamic era. The messenger of God (peace be upon him and his family) by reviewing the God’s guidance and rescuing them from heresy and kindness between their hearts which were all because of Islam, was sobering them that they are listening to Satan’s temptations and the enemy is ambushing for them. In Quran, God has blamed the Muslims and Jews who have been deceived in this way.
Three. Distortion
Jews started to change the explanations and comments about the new messenger’s coming and its signals in their books by distortion in order to stop their followers believing in the Islam’s prophet (peace be upon him and his family). In Quran, God has mentioned these Jewish operations and says:
“Do faithful believers covet that they will believe in your religion in spite of the fact that a party of them (Jewish rabbis) used to hear the Word of Allah, and then they used to change it knowingly after they understood it? And when Jews meet Muslims, they say, "We believe", but when they meet one another in private, they say, "Shall Jew tell Muslims what Allah has revealed to Jews, about the description and the qualities of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), that which are written in the Torah, that Muslims may argue with Jews about it before your Lord? Have you no understanding?”
Four. Making people hesitate
Another conspiracy of Jews to prevent people to believe in Islam, was making them hesitate and doubtful of their beliefs. They had different devices for this matter. For example, some of them made a deal to believe in Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) verbally at the beginning of the day and then by night they say that we researched in our books and consulted with our scientists and found out that Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) is not the one who we thought he might be and his lie and fake religion is now revealed for us. They anticipated that because Muslims believed that Jews are more knowledgeable than themselves, it would make the Muslims hesitate and doubt about Islam. In holy Quran God has mentioned this conspiracy and spoiled their plan.
Five. Mockery
Jews and Christians were always mocking, and in Quran God has mentioned this point and says:
“O you who believe! Take not for protectors and helpers those who take your religion for a mockery and fun from among those who received the Scripture (Jews and Christians) before you, nor from among the disbelievers; and fear Allah if you indeed are true believers. And when you proclaim the call for the prayer, they take it as a mockery and fun; that is because they are a people who do not understand”.
Six. Deception
Another Jew’s struggles was blemishing the prophet (peace be upon him and his family)’s religion and belief. The assumed that they are able to deceive the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) by bribing him; therefore they went to the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and said: we are grandees and lettered of Jews and if we believe in you, all Jews will believe in and would not disagree; our just and one condition is you adjudicate between us and another group which we have problem with, you judge and take our side. They went to deceive the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and discrediting his judgment, however the prophet (peace be upon him and his family) denied it. In holy Quran God mentions this conspiracy and has warned the prophet (peace be upon him and his family):
“so judge between them by what Allah has revealed and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they turn you far away from some of that which Allah has sent down to you. And if they turn away, then know that Allah's Will is to punish them for some of their sins. And truly, most of men are Fasiqun (rebellious and disobedient to Allah)”.