Britain and its colony India

At the beginning, Heydar Ali Khan was united with Hyderabad and expanded Mysore state territory and he captured the Malabar Coast in the West. Missouri's first war broke out in 1769 that ended with the victory of Heydar Ali. The company took fright, in the years of 1769 and 1770, the English governments of Bombay and Modares signed two separate peace treaties with Heydar Ali from a position of weakness. These agreements organized the relationship between the English and the Heydar Ali for ten years. At this time the only serious threat to Mysore was the scattered rape of Mahratta that took place by hidden stimulating of the English.
In 1778 a new round of war between the English and the French began in the south of the Indian subcontinent. At this time the English tried to be united with Heydar Ali, who was now the largest local power in the Indian subcontinent, and therefore they sent a man to him named Shorats secretly.
Schwarz secret mission failed in Mysore. In 1780, Heydar Ali attacked the colonies of company for the second time in Modares, and he defeated English forces commanded by Colonel William Bailey, he captured an important part of English territory of Modares and he attached within five miles of Madras on his territory building. Bailey was wounded and captured in November 1782 by Heydar Ali and he died in captivity.
In December 1782, in the war with Britain, Heydar Ali died and his son, Tipu, took power. In this war, the French were considered the ally of Heydar Ali but this alliance was not so serious. Buckland says Heydar Ali created a "great fear" in English, and if the French had supported him, he could expel the English from south India.
Tipu Sultan (1753-1799) during the Anglo-Mysore War II between England and Maysoor was the commander of military forces and when he was succeeded as the ruler of government, he was 29 years old. He continued the war against the English, again took the Malabar coast, defeated the English forces commanded by General Matthews , killed the generals and several other English officers, and finally in March 1784 signed a new peace treaty with the English. In 1786 to Tipu called himself as the "King" of Maysoor and in 1787 he signed a peace treaty with the government of the Hyderabad and Mahratta. Now Tipu was known as the greatest enemy of England in the East.
In recent years, Tipu Sultan was trying a lot to achieve the solidarity with Muslim and French authorities to fight against the English. To accomplish this, he sent delegations to Constantinople (Istanbul), Saudi Arabia, cable and French colonies in the Indian Ocean and he called for troops deployed volunteers to "expel the English from India", but he failed.
In 1790 the third Anglo-Mysore War broke out. In this war, governments of Mahratta and Hyderabad due to fears of the growing power of Tipu Sultan in the area were placed on the side of the English. However, Tipu and his forces fought bravely, but the war ended with their defeat.
In February 1792 the city of Sryngapatam, the capital of Mysore, was occupied by the English forces and its allies, Tipu Sultan was surrendered and a peace treaty was signed between him and occupation forces. According to the treaty, Tipu paid amount of three million pounds sterling compensation to the company and gave his two sons as hostages of war to English. Almost half of the land under the rule of Tipu was captured by the English, the most important part of its territory (the instructor) was incorporated and the rest of the territories were incorporated to Mahratta and Hyderabad.
Treaty of 1792 did not mean the end of Tipu. His rule over the rest of the land of Mysore continued and soon again Tipu turned to the power of the region. Historians believe one of the main reasons of Richard and Arthur Wellesley’s deploy to India to end the threat of Tipu Sultan. Makrjy writes:
Now the attention of England has shifted to Mysore, a land that Heydar Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, were the center of the growing threat to the authority of Great Britain in India. Thus, the Anglo-Mysore Wars began, in which like all British wars with Hindi powers, the Hindi side won at the battle but lost the war scenes.
The first action of Richard Wellesley, after arriving in India, was trying to draw the attention of Heydar Ali Khan, the ruler of Hyderabad Deccan, to make a new military alliance with the English and the removal of Tipu and the French. To achieve this goal, Wellesley sent his two nimble officers to the court of Hyderabad. These two were Colonel Kilpatrick and Captain John Malcolm. After negotiations that Oxford History of India describes it as "subtle," and at the end of September 1798 Ali Khan agreed to join English side.
Thus, after adequate political measures, in early 1799 Wellesley declared war to Tipu Sultan and the fourth and final war of Mysore and Britain broke out.
In this war, Maj. Gen. George Harris, Major General James Stewart, Major General David Baird and Colonel Arthur Wellesley command of English and Hindi were allies. General Harris was the commander of an army of 50 thousand people of the English side (Fort St George) and Arthur Wellesley had a 16 thousand-member force of Hyderabad.
Sryngapatam city was besieged. English demanded reparations of two million pounds sterling and occupation of half the territory of Mysore. Tipu was not willing to accept this request. On 4 May 1799 the city was attacked by British troops severely. Tipu was murdered, while defending and according to the Oxford history "he fought bravely despite injury", his family were captured and they brutally plundered the city. Tipu Sultan, known among the people of India as a great champion and on their behalf he is named as "Lion of Mysore".
Tipu Sultan̓ s murder and occupation of Mysore was a great achievement for the East India Company and colonization of Great Britain.
Malcolm writes Wellesley’s victory over Tipu Sultan provided "full and final authority" of England over south India. Therefore, designers and directors of this war were encouraged: in December 1799, Richard Wellesley was called as "Marquis Wellesley". Later, he was granted the titles of Maj Gen Harris and the title of "Baron of Sryngapatam and Mysore". Major General Stewart, the commander of the Bombay army in the war of Mysore, became the military commander and reached the rank of general. Major General Baird received also a general degree and became a Baronet, and he achieved the Commander of the Army of Great Britain in Ireland (1820).
After the invasion of Mysore, Colonel Arthur Wellesley was appointed by his brother as the military ruler of Sryngapatam and Captain John Malcolm and Thomas Monroe were responsible for the development and deployment of the company's governance system.
We will be acquainted more with John Malcolm (Sir John Malcolm D) in the future. (1761-1827) in the years of 1788 to 1792 Thomas Monroe headed the intelligence service of the company. He later rose to the rank of major-general, and from 1820 until his death, for seven years, he was governor of Madras and rose to the rank of baronet. Buckland knows him as a "very successful" rulers of British in India. He has a deep knowledge of the land and the people and culture of India.
Richard Wellesley also appointed a Brahman called Purnia in the "Court" (minister) of Mysore. Purnia worked since the era of Heydar Ali in the fiscal jobs of Mysore and at the time of Tipu Sultan, he was Minister of Finance. Of course, he kept the relationship with English. Arthur Wellesley and Purnia through brutal repression of the people and groups of local fighters, which was formed in the mountains, established their dominance in the deployed Mysore. Mysore land was divided between the company and its allies again. Part of it was incorporated into the territory of Modares and part of the territory was incorporated to Hyderabad.
The important problem of company at this time was the type of government that would be established in Mysore land. Richard Wellesley did not believe that the incorporation of Mysore did not fit into its territory and he defend the establishment of the system of "indirect rule" in this area.
In this form of domination, the government official is in the hand of local ruler, but in fact he is a counselor under the command of English, and in some cases, he was a native, and was called "resident agent". It's a system that's not based on some other colony in India. Thus, the quasi were not considered the British colony and it seemed that they are independent.
According to Mitchell Fisher, after the conquest of Mysore, this concern was spread among policymakers of companies that who is going to be appointed in the state of Mysore: one of the sons of Tipu Sultan or a member of the former Hindu family of Rajhhay. Company documents show that Richard Wellesley was strongly opposed to the restoration of the rule of the family because of "racial characteristics of Jews" and family traditions of Heydar Ali against English. Wellesley wrote to the company's board in London:
Ambitious dreams, independent pride and fatal hostility are mixed to the nature of Mohammedans [Muslims]. These factors prevent that branch of the family of the deceased Sultan to be deployed in the kingdom.
This statement clearly shows the way Wellesley believes about Islam and Muslims and show his performance during his rule over India. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in his time, and with the intrigues of John Richardson, the rule of law and the Islamic court was abolished in Bengal.
So it was that Wellesley appointed a three-year boy, with the name of Krishna Raj Vadyar, from the family of former Hindu Maharaja, who was ousted by Heydar Ali Khan in the de facto ruler of Mysore and put the destiny of this land with a covenant placed in the hands of the company and its agents. Richard Wellesley in his correspondence with London claimed that the restoration of the family of Hindu rulers of Mysore was performed due to the considerations of "morality" and "rational". He writes:
All experts of Company did not agree with Wellesley to restore "the ancient family" of Mharajhhay Mysore. The most important of them was Thomas Munro. Monroe's family lacks popularity among the people of Mysore and they are "Lost". But he also believes the restoration of monarchy and the establishment of direct dominion of Heydar Ali and the company on Mysore because he believed "people are accustomed aliens to the state of Missouri for a long time." The real power was in the hands of Purnia, Minister of Mysore, who had the closest relationship with the English. Just a few months before his death Purnia (March 1812) Maharaja of Mysore could dismiss him and personally took over the power.
This situation did not last long. Twenty years later, the company, under the pretext of discontent and rebellion, stripped Krishna Raj Vadyar of his position (in October 1831) and directly administered the Missouri Territory. However, Krishna until his death was a formal Maharaja of Mysore and he received an annual pension in the amount of 350 thousand rupees plus twenty percent of his annual income to his Missouri State. After his death (1868), the English Chama Rajendra Vadyar, was an 18-year-old family member that "was carefully trained", and he was appointed as the Maharaja of Mysore. Until his death, he was on this side for 25 years.