Dress in Iran

The reduction of connection with institutes in line with the hijab
In the previous times, women and girls were within the family , the kinship and local group, and they were busy with housekeeping, domestic industries, agriculture and livestock or along with their family, so their attitudes and behaviors was not hidden from their family , the kinship and local group and therefor they were under the unofficial controls of the aforementioned sets ; so that not only clear violations , such as being unveiled was clear to all , but also their hidden violations , such as beliefs and attitudes would be revealed for everyone.
But with the opening of the new job and educational spheres for women and girls, and their separation from their family for hours or months and years led to the fact that women did not feel the control of their family as a religious environment so practically family lost its supervision and control and regulatory function that was the main function in the past. As a result, women and girls easily and without any charges of the past can be unveiled while they were limited by their families in the past.
the arrival of women and girls in job and educational spheres that were like sets misaligned with hijab, on one hand stops the expenses arising from a family in the face of being unveiled and on the other hand increases the informal costs and controls. As a result, hijab’s costs is higher than the costs of being unveiled, and, therefore, people on the basis of a rational selection would prefer being unveiled of course if they have not internalized hijab. A lot of girls from students, or people working in the new environments with unveiled people can be found, even in spite of the positive attitude of their family towards hijab, are unveiled outside the home and away from their family.

1. Reduction of the family power

Before the development and modernization process of drafting a new job and education, technology and expertise to live and work , had more a tentative manner and not a scientific one , and therefore, elders and parents had more experience and high authority to children, especially girls who were in the limited environment. the excessive dependence of girls and women to support of their parents, or their husbands had also increased the authority of their family: In addition to the traditional values children , especially girls had lower position compared to parents, and there was lower respect for women than men , and parents had a lot of authority on their children and also men had more power on their women, but with the development of new job and educational spheres, and the arrival of the boys, girls and women in this areas , and achieving the knowledge and expertise , earning income and social status , the age and sexual criteria had been changed and the social position of children and women promoted to parents and husbands and as a result, the authority of the mothers and fathers and husbands reduced ; in other words, a family dominated by his father and mother changed to a democratic family.
Reduction of the authority of parents and men, was another factor that weakened the control function of the family; therefore, women and girls freely and without contribution to the orders of their parents, or their husbands selected their arbitrary attitudes and behavior, including type of coverage and hijab, and in fact, being unveiled that was under the control of the family in the past, facilitated, and thus being unveiled spread more than before.
Today, a high percentage of girls and women work and study and have a high social base.
Compare the authority of parents on their girls in the past and today, for example, today father and mother is illiterate or with little education , but the daughter herself is a student of medical, psychology, sociology , engineering field, and she has more income than her parents, so parents have less authority on their girls. But in the past the authority of the parents and family was more on their household girls. Now compare the authority of the men towards his wife with high expert and high income today, with the authority of the man towards his wife without independent income.

2. the reduction of unofficial relations

In communities that work and life were mixed up due to lack of the development of transport and communications and also lack of new job and educational spheres, the communications of people was limited in the circle of family, kinship and local connections; in such communities, unofficial relations , was dominant , in other words , relationships were mostly emotional and based on the nature of the broadcast, but with modernization of communities, the development of transport and communications, and new job and educational spheres, and consequently, the separation of the education and work from home and kinship and local groups, the official relations became the dominant social relationships, for the development of the relationship, environments were opened on individuals, in which the family , relatives and neighbors had personal knowledge and there was emotional ties between them. But today communications are official and mainly based on emotional neutrality, achievement, characteristics and common standards.
in our society with the development of modernization process, unofficial relations decreased; so that people today, especially in the major and modern cities, each day, face with a lot of people in the street, the market and work that have no personal recognition and specific emotional bond towards each other and know each other only as a seller, buyer, the doctor, the patient, the employee, client, fellow students and a professor, and even there is no emotional bond between many of them.
In such communities, with official relations based on emotional neutrality, achievement, characteristics and common criteria, people have no unofficial, emotional, financial, intellectual affiliations to each other. As a result, firstly, they have no incentive to monitor and control other people informally.
When we do not know someone and have no informal link with him, we do not care about his corruption and crime, especially if it has no direct loss for us so it is not very important for us , and we don't have much motivation for his control ; but if our children, or one of our friends, or relatives has a diversionary like addiction , theft, and sexual wickedness, it is very important for us and we have high motivation to prevent him from the deviations, but at the same time we do not have such a motive for an unknown citizenship .
Second, those people who have no informal relationships with each other, can't control each other informally: those who have personal interest to each other, help each other in various affairs and have great respect for each other, and they try not to perform an act against your interest, because it can be consider disrespect; but those who have no informal contact with each other , applying the informal practices , such as ostracism , ridicule, sulk , and … disrespect , had little effect on each other to stop the act because in official relations , people have no informal benefits to each other that by commitment of the behavior, their interests would be endangered.
In total, reducing the unofficial relations makes little incentive for informal controls towards deviations, including "being unveiled" , in addition to causing acts such as the informal controls had little effect; as a result, being unveiled does not have the costs of informal controls in the current periods.
At the same time, we should note that despite decrease of unofficial relations, there is still plenty of unofficial relations - although they are poor in society; however relations in small towns and villages and within the family is very clear and even in the big cities, more or less informal relationships are created in the workplace or university, between partners or employees; therefore, in proportion to the relations, unofficial controls can exist even less than past in the community.
also paying attention to this point is necessary that: the effect of unofficial controls in the current community and with little unofficial relations has not been lost , but it is weak , as if in a society with an unofficial strong relations , with only an informal reaction (e. g frowning and snicker) to an individual’s diversion (e. g. being unveiled) he would change his behavior , but in a society with little informal relations, only if all, or a significant part of the majority of people stand in front of the deviant behavior even with an unofficial reaction, this will prevent the deviation behavior.
Today, even in the big cities, many deviant behaviors don't happen by the public. The reason is that people predict the collective response of majority of people against some of the deviant behaviors like dressed in very dirty and shameful way, appearing naked in public, open sexual relations and the expected consequences stops them; while in villages with strong dominant and practical unofficial relations or the expected resistance from one of the people is enough to stop the people of social deviations.

Conclusion

In total, it became clear that the prevalence of a new shape of being unveiled began far from the pattern of legal hijab and dedicated to the prosperous foreign-associated people or those who are connected with west; but it gradually spread among various segments of society; and this new hijab spread after the revolution of Islamic republic of Iran in a short period.
Without a doubt, political factors, such as the impose of Reza Pahlavi, and also the plans of foreigners have been effective in being unveiled as after the revolution , for some individuals and groups , sometimes being unveiled had political motives; motives like protest against the status quo , and through its opposition to normative ( headscarves ), which is supported by the system and is a symbol for the Islamic Republic and its fans ; however, these factors were not effective alone and directly, but there was " structural fields " that has facilitated some of the factors that influence on the hijabi through "interface mechanisms".
So some factors have led to being unveiled that include: " The cultural commingling", "the connection", "The activities", "the mechanisms of influence" that were mentioned under the general title of "communication environment" and we considered "the internalization of being unveiled", "The reduction of connection with the sets align with veil", "the decrease of the authority of the family" and "the reduction of unofficial relations" under the title of "costs and benefits."