The beginig of the prophet's mission

The Prophet's (PBUH) Age
Forty is an age that is considered the human intellectual perfection in which the wisdom gets the peak of its perfection. In the Quran, there is also a reference to this stage of development. Most of the news indicating that this stage of development is also mentioned in holy Quran that about one such an age the divine revelation came down to the Prophet of God and he (PBUH)has been assigned to his mission. It has been said that the Messenger of Allah on a 27th of Rajab in the seventeenth of Ramadan (12 years before the migration in coincidence with the sixth of August or beginning of February 610 AD) when he was forty years, six months and eight lunar days had passed his holy life , he was assigned to prophesy. The Prophet (PBHU) Five years after the founding of Mecca, twenty years after reigning of khosrow Parviz, the Sassanid, two hundred years after the "Day of alliance" in Al-Rabadha , and at the time of the government Ayas Bin Qabisa Taee was began. In Saudi Arabia, ghassanids, the allies of eastern Rome, Lakhmids Iranian allies, Al Homayran Ethiopian allies and the tribe of Kandeh were in dispute. Syria and Minor Asia and Southern Caucasus concerning Persia and Rome dispute, Afghanistan between local Turkic and Sassanian and Transoxiania was under the rule of Turks, Egypt and North Africa and Eastern Europe was also ruled by Eastern Roman. The same time that Christian preachers took the faith of the Christian to the north of England the same time that Canterbury from Kent set up for north and west. The western emperor of Rome had been surrendered by Barbarians were submitted but, the Eastern Empire (Constantinople) and at the time of Foucus had been caught in internal uprisings. Concerning the age of the Messenger of Allah and in determining its months and days there are much differences. Most people have reported 40 years but age of 41 – 43 have also been observed. In the months of Prophesy also Rajab and Ramadan and Rabi al-Awal have also been reported. As the first come down of Gabriel in 7, 14, 17, 18 and 24 of Ramadan and 3, 8, 12 and 27 of Rajab have also been reported.
Ibn Ishaq, cites the following holy verse and says:
If you believe in God and to what He revealed to his slave on the Day of Criterion when the two armies (the battle of Badr) were met, you know that Allah has power over all things. He Says: When the Messenger of Allah, on Friday morning, the seventeenth of Ramadan in Badr met with the polytheists, so the beginning of the mission was the same day.
This possibility is of course desirable, but not enough. What, mostly have referred to the night of Qadr that the Quran was revealed and later will be referred to it; they have regarded it the last decade of Ramadan and pinpointed it the last night of Ramadan 21 or 23 and such Hadiths are incompatible with the night of the seventeenth of Ramadan to be night of Qadr. Moreover, the cited verse. In this case, it is not clear text that shows "Day of Forgan" and "night of Qadr" in them Quran has been revealed both of them are the same. But, the appearance of the verse shows: and what we sent down to our messenger, from the revelation , the angels and victory on the day that by the help of God between Islam and infidelity for the first time separation was found and became the basis of Islam strength. Furthermore, a group of commentators also have said and the Quran also confirms it.
The Shiite clerics agreed upon Rajab 27th as the mission of the Holy Prophet and lot of Hadiths of the guided Imams (PBUH) has been entered. Including Imam Sadiq (AS) said: it was on the 27th of Rajab that prophecy was revealed to the Messenger of God or said: do not leave 27th of Rajab that on that day prophecy of Muhammad (PBUH) has been revealed. The main difference is on the inclusion of the revelation time. However; it is true that the revelation of the Quran was in Ramadan, but the mission and prophecy was on 27th of Rajab. Some have also wanted it to collect among the various narratives that revelation ahead of Ramadan has been in sleep and in Ramadan in waking which will talk in this regard. So, another way also has been said that the collective and general revelation of the Quran has been in Ramadan and the beginning of the mission was on 27 Rajab.
Cave of Hera,
We saw the time of mission and now, it is better to see a place where for the first time the divine revelation came down Prophet. There are several hills around Mecca that the Arabs called them "Jabal Al Nour where they have said Ibrahim wanted to sacrifice Ishmael under the God's command. Jabal al-Nour that from Mecca is seen like a sharp conical summit on the northeastern horizon is the left hand of someone who goes to Arafat. It is two Farsang (unit of distance equal to 6, 24) away from Mecca moreover, it is two hundred high. So, it is so difficult to climb it due to boulders, rocks and bushes on the way. Traversing across this mountain from down the hill up to the summit takes almost an hour. From there on up to the house of the Messenger of Allah are just few kilometers far. When you pass the maze of rocks there is a flat space that is almost forty meters that from there on the Sacred Mosque and the houses of Mecca is being seen. Over the flat space, the mountain is like an island on the sky that is floating on the blue dust of the valley of Mecca. In the distance of three minutes of the summit of the mountain, a big pond is seen where Hajjes dug out water in the heart of mountain previously stored water in that. The color of this mountain is fawn and is like a curved sphinx that headed toward Mecca. On the south-western slopes of the mountain and within 160 meters away from summit, there is a small cave called "Cave of Hera’. This cave is located on the north side and is as long as fifty meters. In the vicinity of the cave, two huge boulders are sticking together that you should pass barely from that small aperture. This cave was created by the collapse of some of the rocks, its walls and its ceilings are rocky and with nice cutting. Its height is as high as medium sized man and its space so that one can sleep in it. The cave is located in a way that a person can sit or lie down. In the words of Ibn Abi Jamreh being alone in Hera has three advantages; it is solitude and worship and devotion to God's home. The cave floor unlike its walls and its ceiling is flat and is covered with golden sand. The plain located in the shadow of this mountain has thorny bushes and along the horizon, the bare desert of Hijaz and a string of rocky peaks has been located and still this cave is visited different pilgrims. The Prophet (PBUH) after choosing in prophetic mission also sometimes went to this cave and it was when returning Taif that visited here and had a pause there.
The Beginning of Revelation
It was in one of these solitudes in cave of Hera Amin Gabriel was revealed to the Prophet (PBUH) and brought down the first divine revelation of God. However, it has been discussed in detail in this concern and it is better we hear one of these Hadiths from the tongue of His prophet. I was sleeping when Gabriel brought me part of a book and said: read it! I replied "I can not read". After that Gabriel squeezed me in a way that I thought it was death then, left me and said: read! I again replied I can not read. He repeated the process again and then asked me to read. So, fearing the process to be repeated for the third time, I began to read and asked what I read then, the Gabriel said: "Read to the name of your God who created – shaped people of coagulum – read and your prophet is that Great God that taught to the Pen and thought the man what he did not know. He said: So , I read and it was ended and he left me and when I got up I noticed as if a book has been written in my heart. However, it was the first advent of the Quran that lasted for twenty-three years.