The dignitaries of Islam

Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Bin Sheikh Muhammad Reza was born in Najaf in 1295 Heijrat (1254 Sh). Since his grandfather (Sheikh Jafar) was known as the title '' Ale Kashef Al-Ghata, he is also known as '' Kashef Al-Ghata''. Kashef Al-Ghata was one of the greatest Islamic jurisprudents, the source of authority of the twelfth Shias and the great honor of the Islamic world. He was professional in jurisprudence, principles, theosophy, Hadith, figures, interpretation and other religious sciences. He was not only valuable scientist and a professional writer, but he was also a unique combatant. He never stopped any actions in order to establish the foundations of the Islam and the Shiite.
He spent most of his life in revealing realities, removing ambiguities and keeping the boundary of Islam. He is good –tempered, open-minded and talented. After he finished elementary levels, he took part in the training sessions of the sources of authorities in Najaf Ashraf. He learned principles in the presence of the great instructor '' Sheikh Muhammad Kazem Khorasani'' known as Akhund Khorasani, jurisprudence in the presence of the instructors '' Sheikh Reza Hamedani'' and '' Seyed Muhammad Kazem Tabatabaei'', theosophy and philosophy in the presence of the instructors '' Sheikh Ahmad Shirazi'' , '' Mirza Muhammad Bagher Estahbanati '' and '' Sheikh Muhammad Najaf Abadi''. Since he was too talented, he acquired a lot of knowledge within a short time and even scientists and researchers came to him to learn different sciences. He achieved to a high rank among scientists in his youth and he and his brother, Sheikh Ahmad, were considered as special sources of authorities. Seyed Muhammad Kazem Yazdi, the source of authority of Shiite with high rank, left a lot of scientific questions to them. After the death of Seyed Muhammad Kazem Yazdi, the people of Iraq referred to Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Kashef Al-Ghata in following religious rules. Shortly, the rank of public source of authority was left to him. His remarkable activities increased gradually and the number of his followers increased.
his first trip was in Shawwal Month in 1328 Heijrat. He went to Hejaz in order to fulfill the rituals of Hajj. Afterwards, he went to Damascus and Beirut and stayed there for two months. Then he resided in Sidon for few months. In this trip, he walked through the path of the religion. Then he traveled Ghaghara and stayed for three months. When he was there, the professors of Al-Zahra University debated with him and expressed their opinions.
He arranged some meetings for the university students and sermonized in their assemblies. Sometimes, he went to the churches, debated with the Christian announcers and reminded their mistakes. In 1350 Heijrat, he travelled Palestine so as to take part in the great congress held in Ghods City. He sermonized in Al-Aghsa Mosque according to the request of the representatives of Islamic countries. Then all of the participants prayed behind him. They visited the cities of Hifa, Nablus and Yafa.
After two years related to the history, he travelled Iran for the first time and visited the cities of Hamadan, Kermanshah, Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz, Kazeroon, Bushehr, Khoramshahr and Abadan. Group player was held in all of the cities and the people followed him.
He travelled Iran for the second time in 1366 Heijrat and resided in Kerend City for a while. His third travel to Iran was in 1369 in order to visit the holy shrine of Hazrat Ali Bin Musa Al-Reza (peace be upon him) in Mashhad. During this travel, it was easier for him to visit and to debate with the prominent dignitaries and scientists of Iran.
Shortly after, he suffered from different illnesses. He had to go to go Syria and Lebanon in order to be cured in 1388. The government of Pakistan invited him to take part in the Islamic great congress to travel there by a plane. His warm and attractive speeches related to the improvement of social and political situations of Islamic countries attracted all in Karachi. In this conference, he criticized the colonial governments and admonished the Muslims that other foreign governments tried to make discord among and they never stopped any actions in this ominous purpose.

During this journey, Kashef Al-Ghata visited the great cities of Pakistan such as: Lahur, Peshawar, Ravelpendi and Keshmir. Although he had a lot of difficulties and was busy in different social and scientific areas and his relationship with different groups and long term journeys, he has left valuable works which few scientists achieve to such successes; however, unfortunately, some of them have not been published or they are rare.

We will mention some works of Kashef Al-Ghata with their abbreviated names:

1. Al-Ayat Al-Bayenat; 2. Al-Ahsan Men Sher Al-Hussein; 3. Al-Arz Al-Torbe Al-Huseinie ; 4. Asl Al-Shiie and Osuleha; 5. Tahrir Al-Majale; 6. the translation of the book '' Haje Al-Saade Fi Haje Al-Shahade;'' 7. the translation of the book '' the travel memories of Naser Khosro'' ( this book has been written in Farsi); 8. The translation of the book '' Heiat''; 9. Talighat Ala Safine Al-Nejat''; 10. Tanghih Al-Osul; 11. Al-Tosih Fi Al-Enjil and Al-Masih ; 12. Al-Jame Bein Al-Ahkam Al-Zaheriye and Al-Al-Vagheie'' ; 13.Jene Al-Maavi; 14. Adab Al-Kateb Ibn Ghotaybe ; 15. Asfar Mola Sadra; 16. Imami Seyed Morteza; 17. Tabsare Al-Motalemin; 18. The poetical works of Seyed Muhammad Saeid Habubi.
It is natural that a lot of obsesses and physical and mental hurts will make him suffer from a lot of pains. Hence, Kashef Al-Ghata suffered from different illnesses when he became old. Finally, the illness of that happened at the end of his life made him die. His illness was cured once, but it escalated again. They took him to the hospital of Karakh in Baghdad to be cured and then took him to the city of Kerend in Iran. After he was there for three days, he passed away on Sunday in the Zi Al-Ghade eighteen in 1373 H ( 1333 Sh) and made the world mourn. They carried his body to Baghdad and buried him in the grave that he had made two years ago himself at the end of Vadi Al-Salam in Najaf. His peace be at peace and he is remembered well.

He was born in the village of Mehrjardi of Yazd in the house of a good natured and pious man with the name '' Muhammad Jafar'' and then he was called '' Abd Al-Karim''. He was grown up by an affectionate virtuous mother until he became six years old. In that time, Abd Al-Karim was supposed to go school, but there were not any schools in Mehrjardi and children that grew up followed the job of their father and spent their youth in farms. However, it seemed that Abd Al-Karim was different from others and was under the favor of God. Shortly after, there was a chance for him to educate.

At the end of the thirteenth century, Yazd City had an active theological school. Five schools of religious sciences in this city included most of university students in the major of the Islamic sciences and the great scientists that had been trained by the students of great Sheikh Ansari and Mirza Shirazi and the scientists of the well-known theological school of Najaf were teaching different Islamic sciences. Among different schools of religious sciences, the big and beautiful school of Muhammad Taghi Khan was one of the most famous schools and most of courses related to level and outer period were taught there. In such a religious atmosphere, Ayatollah Haeri entered the theological school of Yazd and resided in the school of Muhammad Taghi Khan and learned the Islamic sciences from the great instructors with a lot of interest.

He became enthusiastic to visit holy places about the age of eighteen; therefore, he decided to travel Iraq. He and his mother went there with a caravan. Unconsciously, he joined knowledgeable persons and scientists that circled Imams. At first, he was in the presence of Ayatollah Fazel Ardekani in the theological school of Karbala for few years. Afterwards, he came to the presence Mirza Shirazi in the theological school of Samara according to the advice of his instructor. Mirza Shirazi was the source of authority in the theological school of Samara in that time. He educated there for twelve years and during this time, he got along with all difficulties and problems. He did not deal with any jobs and he only looked forward to the future hopefully.
He was crazy about acquiring knowledge and educated firmly and diligently. In addition to his personal attempts, his instructors helped him to create a religious and scientific personality. When he was in the theological school of Samara, he benefited from the high knowledge of great jurisprudents such as Ayatollah Seyed Muhammad Fesharaki, Ayatollah Muhammad Taghi Shirazi and Ayatollah Sheikh Fazl Allah Nuri, each one is the luminous star of the sky of jurisprudence.

Ayatollah Haeri set off toward Iran at the end of 1332 Gh due to the invitation of the people of Arak and he was with them in the theological school of Arak until 1340 Gh. Ayatollah Haeri taught in the theological school of Arak for eight years and in addition to the difficult responsibility of preaching religion, he was already fostering the talents of young clergymen. He could train hundreds good natured young clergymen with his fatherly affection and high diligence. The foundation of theological school in Qom had already decided about centuries ago and the basis of this decision can be found in the narrations of Imams (peace be upon them). Imam Sadegh (peace be upon him) stated to his companions about Qom City as Islamic knowledge '' all of the believers will leave Kufe soon and no knowledge will be taught …then this knowledge will appear in Qom City and there will be a source of scientists and knowledgeable people''. The presence of Ayatollah Haeri proves the promise of Shiite great Imams that has been narrated by different persons and has been accepted by Shias. At the beginning of the spring of 1301 Sh, Ayatollah Haeri along with scientists and dignitaries of knowledge and science organized the theological school of Qom and summoned their students from Iraq to this city. Hence, when he resided there, the foundation of the theological school of Qom was established. In fact, his lot of activities improved the theological school gradually and he made it as one of greatest theological schools in the world. After he established the theological school, one of the most important activities of the valuable jurisprudence was to rebuild the religious schools and to change the way of teaching and this was a great development for those schools. In this time, the condition of the theological school that had been disorganized in the time of Mirza Qomi became organized. He was the founder of one of the greatest centers of the Islamic sciences in the majors of beliefs, jurisprudence, philosophy, interpretation and discourse. 9) Ayatollah Haeri is the founder of a theological school that has left a lot of benefits in the differently cultural, belief, political and social areas. After the theological school was founded, the spirit of growth and cultural and scientific movement appeared in most of cities of Iran and the Islamic culture and theology expanded in Iran and the world. Ayatollah Haeri was an energetic person and was highly interested in work and research. At the end of his life, he started writing. Some of his important books that he has left include: Al-Salat, Dorrer Al-Osu. Other books of Ayatollah Haeri are about different topics related to jurisprudence such as: the rules of inheritance, breast feeding, marriage and divorce.
Several state schools of Iran devoted to the children of kings and the court. However, after a lot of diligence and attempt of Ayatollah Haeri and several other scientists of theological schools all over the country, all children of the nation could study there and even in the far parts of the country, with the diligence of the scientists and the students of Ayatollah Haeri, the Islamic works were published, the schools flourished and the Islamic culture and the theological schools expanded day to day in Iran. Apart from the activity start of old theological schools in Qom, other large schools were founded, nowadays, there are over seventy schools. Ayatollah Haeri, the knowledgeable and thoughtful jurisprudent that was a sincere man and had a lot of service for his countrymen, passed away in 1315Sh and was buried in the vicinity of the holy shrine of Hazrat Masume (peace be upon her). His peace be at peace and he is remembered well.