The martyrdom of Imam Javad

One of titles of Imam Javad is Taghi since his piety had formed the society differently and created the world of purity, chastity and piety for human. Of course, all of the innocent Imams were devout and immaculate as they Imam Sadegh was honest, Imam Kazem controlled his anger and Imam Zein Al-Abedin was the most beautiful soul of the worshiper.
The culture of the titles of Imams has a social basis and is from the favor of God; therefore, the title '' Taghi'' is one of those titles.
Considering the social condition of Imam Javad and the situation of people in the court, we can understand that the enemies tried to deviate him with the corruption of the court. Consequently, they could make Shias and the fans of Imam Javad stop praising him for his purity and immaculateness. Moreover, even Mamun had him marry his daughter, Um Al-Fazl, in order to deviate him with the corruptions of the court and even issued the order of his marriage with his daughter. However, the actions of Mamun to deviate Imam Javad were useless and the piety of Imam Javad won against the false idea of Mamun and the value of the personality of Imam Javad increased.
Mamun did not stop any tricks about Imam Muhammad Taghi (peace be upon him) in order to make him interested in the temptations and the sins of the world, but he came to nothing. Consequently, when his daughter wanted to live with Imam Javad, he ordered to send the most beautiful maids for the wedding party of his daughter in order that they welcome Imam Javad with the golden cups.
The maids behaved with him as they had been ordered, but Imam Javad did not pay attention to them.
A man with the name '' Makharegh'' was a singer and had a long beard. Mamun summoned and wanted him to apply all of his attempts in order to make Imam interested in such affairs. Makharegh said to Mamun '' if Abu Jafar (peace be upon him) has a little interest in this world, you will achieve to your purpose. Then he sat across from Imam and started singing as loudly as all of people in house came around him and started singing and playing lute.
He sang for several hours, but Imam Javad pain attention to no one. Then he looked up and said to the man '' O' man with Long beard! Fear from God''.
The second factor of the martyrdom of Imam Javad (peace be upon him) is that his effective presence in scientific meetings and his high knowledge because such thing displayed the weak point of the caliph that a lot of people accepted his caliphate versus Imam Javad (peace be upon him). He revealed the scientific level of scientists in the court and one of matters that Imam Javad discussed will be mentioned.

Zarghan that had friendly relationship with Ibn Abi Davud said '' one day Ibn Abi Davud came back from the party of Motasam when he was so depressed. I asked him the reason of his sadness and he said '' today I wished I had died twenty years ago''. I asked '' why are you saying such sentences?'' he said I am saying such sentences because of what happened to me from Imam Javad (peace be upon him) in the party of Motasam''. I said
What happened to you? '' He said '' a person confessed his robbery and wanted Motasam to punish him with the torture of God''. The caliph summoned all of the jurisprudents as well as Imam Javad (peace be upon him) asked us '' what part of the hand of a thief should be cut?'' I said '' the wrist of the hand of a thief should be cut?'' he said '' what's its reason?'' I said '' the purpose of washing hands in the verse of Ablution with sand (performing the rituals of mas-h about your face and hands) is the wrist of the hand. Some jurisprudents agreed with me and said '' the wrist of hand of a thief should be cut'' and another group said '' the elbow of the hand of a thief should be cut and when Motasam asked its reason, they said '' the purpose of hand in the sacred verse of ablution (wash your face and your hands up to the elbow) is elbow. Then Motasam looked at Imam Javad (peace be upon him) and asked '' what's your opinion about this matter?''
He said '' they expressed their opinions in relation to this matter, so there is no need to express my opinion about this matter''. Motasam insisted and swore me that I expressed my opinion. Muhammad Bin Ali (peace be upon him) said '' I express my opinion since you swore me. They are wrong. Only the fingers of a thief should be cut''. Motasam asked '' why should only the fingers of a thief be cut?''
He said '' the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) stated '' prostrating with the seven members of the body can be done, so if the wrist of the hand and the elbow of the hand are cut, a person does not have any hands to prostrate. Exalted God stated '' mosques that people prostrate belong to God and invite people toward God''. Ibn Abi Davud said '' Motasam accepted the answer of Muhammad Bin Ali and ordered to cut the fingers of the thief. This event made me wish to die. After three days, Ibn Abi Davud came to the presence of Motasam and said '' I said to Motasam that it was necessary for me to wish luck for Amir Al-Momenin. I will say remarks that may have the consequences of the torture of hell''. Motasam said '' what are those remarks? '' I said '' why did Amir Momenin ignore the remarks of the scientists and the jurisprudents and accept the rule of Imam Javad for a religious event? And some people believed his Imamate and claimed that he was more qualified than Amir Al-Momenin for caliphate.
Then Motasam surprised, got my point and said '' God will reward you for your benevolence for Imam Javad''. Afterwards, I decided to martyr Imam Javad (peace be upon him).

Although this fresh flower of the garden of guardianship and immaculateness was short, its color and smell benefited everyone. Narrations that Imam Javad (peace be upon him) narrated, questions that he answered and writings that he recorded will decorate the pages of the history forever.
His life span was twenty years and the time of his Imamate lasted seventeen years. Motasam Abasi invited Imam Javad (peace be upon him) to come from Medina to Baghdad.
Imam Javad (peace be upon him) entered Baghdad in Moharam Month in 220 Heijrat . Motasam that was the uncle of Um Al-Fazl (the uncle of Hazrat Javad) cooperated with Jafar (the son of Mamun) to murder Hazrat Javad (peace be upon him).
The reason of this murder, as it was already mentioned, was this ominous thought, the fear of the caliphate transfer from Bani Abas Government to Alavian Government. Therefore, they convinced Um Al-Fazl and said to her that she was the daughter and the niece of the caliph and she should be respected, but her husband (Muhammad Bin Ali Javad) preferred the mother of his child (Ali Hadi) to you.
Both of them provoked her jealousy as much as she felt annoyed from his young husband and surrender against the decision of Motasam and his brother (Javar). Then these two criminals poisoned some grapes and wanted Um Al-fazl (the miserable person of two worlds)to have Imam Javad eat them. Um Al-Fazl put the poisoned grapes in the front of her husband, described them nicely and made him eat them. After Imam Javad (peace be upon him) ate them, shortly after the poison affected his body and he suffered from severe pain. After Um Al-Fazl saw how he was suffering from rain, she was so regretful, but there was no cry over spilt milk.
Hazrat Javad (peace be upon him) stated
'' Why are you crying? Now that you have killed me, your crying is no use. You should know that exalted God makes you suffer from a plight in this world and you cannot get rid of it.
Hodaybe is the name of a place in two farsakhs after Mecca. There is a tree near Hodaybe and the Rezvan Allegiance was done beside it in 6 Heijrat. The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) went to Mecca in order to fulfill the rituals of Umre in Zi Al-Ghade in the sixth year of Heijrat. But when he approached Hodaybe, he faced to the prevention of the polytheists of Mecca; therefore, he signed the peace treaty with the Ghoreish Tribe there. After the companions of the prophet swore allegiance with the prophet (known as Rezvan allegiance), it was clear of what the Muslims were allowed to do. If the Ghoreish had not agreed with the entrance of the Muslims to the house of God, riot must have happened between them.

Usman that was the last sent representative to Mecca came back, informed us of the message of Ghoreish Tribe and expressed '' problem is that the Ghoreish Tribe has sworn allegiance that they don't let you and your companions enter Mecca by force. In such time, Soheil Bin Umarv came to debate with the prophet. After they exchanged their opinions, the prophet summoned Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to write peace treaty in this way '' in the name of God the compassionate and the Merciful'', but Soheil disagreed at first and then they decided to write '' in the name of God''. According to the order of the prophet, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) wrote in this way '' this is a contract between the messenger of God and Soheil'' (the representative of Ghoreish Tribe). Soheil said '' if we had accepted your mission, we would not have fought with you''. The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) ordered to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to leave out the name of the messenger of God''. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) stated '' I don't dare to do such thing''. The prophet wanted Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to put his finger on the name of those words so that the prophet could left them out himself.

The rules of Hodaybe peace include:
1. They should not fight with each other for ten years so that there is peace all over Rebostan. If a person from Ghoreish Tribe in Mecca escaped and joined the Muslims, they should make him come back the Ghoreish Tribe, but if a Muslim joins the Ghoreish Tribe, the tribe should not make him come back to Mecca.
2. The Muslims and the Ghoreish Tribe are free to sign treaty with every tribe.
3. Hazrat Muhammad and his companions come back Medina, but they can come to visit the house of God provided that they stay in Mecca and have only sword.
4. The Muslims residing in Mecca can announce religious slogans freely and Ghoreish should not prevent from them.
5. The properties of two sides are valuable for each other and the property and the life of the Muslims that enter Mecca through Medina will be safe.
This contract was written in two inscriptions and some Muslim sand some persons of the Ghoreish Tribe attested it. One of them was granted to the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and the other one was granted to Soheil Bin Umarv. Afterwards, the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) sacrificed an animal there, shaved his head and the Muslims did too. Then they left Ehram and went toward Medina.