The features of the culture of darkness era in Quran descending

But interpreters have different point of views about the time of the first darkness era; some consider the era before the Islam as darkness era; others consider the era between Hazrat Adam and Nuh; still others consider the era between Hazrat Nuh and Hazrat Ibrahim; others consider the era between Hazrat Musa and Hazrat Isa and others consider the era between Hazrat Isa and the Bethat of the prophet of the Islam.
However, it seems that the interpretation '' first darkness era'' is more like the era before the Islam. Purpose from darkness era is an era that honesty was not found in beliefs, law and behaviors. In fact, the era that wisdom and science did not exist and this matter may be present in persons or in the society.
The culture of Arabic people in darkness era such as the cultures of other tribes includes common and special elements. Purpose from common elements is cultural elements that are found in all cultures. Purpose from special elements is cultural features that include the culture of Arabic people in darkness era or the dominant aspect of that culture. Or the cultural elements were the prominent feature of the culture of Arab although there were in the cultures of non-Arabic tribes in other eras.

First: the common features of the culture of Arabic people in darkness era:

The language of the tribe: the language of the tribe was Arabic language and the Arabic people of darkness era talked with the Arabic language. Therefore, Quran is descended with such a language.
إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ قُرْآناً عَرَبِيّاً لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ( Yusef Srah/ verse 2)
2. The hand writing of the tribe: when Quran descended, the Arabic people wrote everything with Arabic language.
3. Proverbs: Quran has used proverbs and comparisons for sensible affairs that the Arabic people in darkness era used in their poems, proses and daily conversations. Quran also uses these examples to compare sensible affairs and proverbs.
4. Words representing geographical and historical conditions and the region of the Al-Arab Island were used in the language of the tribe of Arabic people in darkness era and Quran has used some words such as Ahghaf, Madin, A'ad and Thamud Tribes and ….
5. The transition words exist in Arabic Language from other languages such as Saryani , Hebrew, Persian and … (1)
6. Using the emphatic language such as swear and the conjunctions of emphasis are found in both Arabic Language and Quran. Quran has also used these words such as ferdos (Persian Word), Zanjabil( an Indian word), Ibrahim( Hebrew Word) and…
It should be reminded that the existence of such cultural elements that are found in all cultures is a common affair and it is not considered as a fault about the culture of that nation. Moreover, Quran has used these cultural elements as well and if someone wants to talk in the language of that tribe, he or she has to use them. Basically, these cultural elements are out of the area of the matter of Quran and the culture of darkness era because if using such elements is considered as the effect getting of the culture of darkness era, all religions, books, poets, scientists and …should be influenced by the culture of their time; therefore, discussing about it will not have scientific result and there is not struggle over it.

Second: the special features of the culture of Arabic people in darkness era:

The best and the most valid document for the recognition of the culture in darkness time and in different cases, it narrates the events of darkness era whereas historical writers have narrated such matters differently. Hence, we will follow the basic features of culture in darkness time in Quran.

1. Blasphemy (the denial of resurrection):

وَقَالُوا مَا هِيَ إِلَّا حَيَاتُنَا الدُّنْيَا نَمُوتُ وَنَحْيَا وَمَا يُهْلِكُنَا الاَّ الدَّهْرُ وَمَا لَهُم بِذلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَظُنُّونَ
Jasie Surah/ verse (2)

2. Polytheism

Most of Arabic people in darkness era worshipped idol, but it was common to worship angels, Jinn and heavenly bodies. When the prophet of the Islam surrounded Mecca, he along with Imam Ali overthrew 360 idols and the places of idols. The most famous idols of Arab included Manat, Lat, Ezzi, Bal, Habal, Asaf, Naele, Vedd, Asvae, Yaghuth, Yaghugh Nasr and… (3)
وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لاَ يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلاَ يَنفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هؤُلاَءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِندَ اللَّهِ( Yunes Surah/ verse 18)
3. Ale Umran and Baghare Surahs and …have referred to the beliefs of followers of other religion such as Jewish and Christian Religions in Al-Arab Island.

4. Considering children for God:

Some Arabic people of darkness era were not Christian and Jewish.
اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَاباً مِن دُونِ اللّهِ وَالْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا إِلهاً وَاحِداً لاَإِلهَ إِلَّا هُوَ سُبْحَانَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ( Tobe Surah/ verse 31)

5. Considering daughters as angels:

Some Arabic people of darkness era considered angels as their daughters.
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّونَ الْمَلاَئِكَةَ تَسْمِيَةَ الْأُنثَى( Najm Surah/ verse 27)

6. Devotions in the rituals of Hajj and devotions:

وَمَا كَانَ صَلاَتُهُمْ عِندَ الْبَيْتِ إِلَّا مُكَاءً وَتَصْدِيَةً فَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ( Infaal Surah/ verse 35)
They also circled the house of God with a naked body .(4) In the time of Ehram, they did not enter there through the door of house, but they entered there from the hole behind the door of house. (5)
وَلَيْسَ الْبِرُّ بِأَن تَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهَا وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرِّ مَنِ اتَّقَى‏ وَأْتُوا الْبُيُوتَ مِن أَبْوَابِهِا وَاتَّقُوا اللّهَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ( Baghare Surah/ verse 189)

7. Vulgar attributes:

الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوباً عِندَهُمْ فِي التَّورَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالْأَغْلاَلَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ(Araaf Surah/ verse 157)

8. Considering a step child as his own child:

وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزْوَاجَكُمُ اللّآئِي تُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُم بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ( Ahzab
Surah/ verse 4)

9. Inappropriate marriages such as substitute marriage, meght and Kheden:

لَا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِن بَعْدُ وَلا أَن تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى‏ كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ رَقِيباً( Ahzab Surah/ verse52)

10. Inappropriate divorces such as Ilae and Zihar:

الَّذِينَ يُظَاهِرُونَ مِنكُم مِن نِسَائِهِم مَا هُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ إِنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ إِلَّا اللّائِي وَلَدْنَهُمْ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنكَراً مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُوراً وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ( Mojadele Surah/ verse 2)
لِلَّذِينَ يُؤْلُونَ مِن نِسَائِهِمْ تَرَبُّصُ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِن فَاءُو فَإِنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ(Baghare Surah/ verse 226)

11. Sexual Deviations:

الزَّانِيَةُ وَالزَّانِي فَاجْلِدُوا كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ وَلاَ تَأْخُذْكُم بِهِمَا رَأْفَةٌ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ
وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَلْيَشْهَدْ عَذَابَهُمَا طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ( Nur Surah/ verse 2)

12. Violating the rights of woman and killing girls:

وَإِذَا الْمَوْءُودَةُ سُئِلَتْ بِأَيِّ ذَنبٍ قُتِلَتْ( Takvir Surah/ verse 8)

13. Usury

الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبَا لاَ يَقُومُونَ إِلاَّ كَمَا يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ ذلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا وَأَحَلَّ اللّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبَا فَمَن جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِن رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى‏ فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللّهِ وَمَنْ عَادَ فَأُولئِكَ ( Baghare Surah/ verse 275)أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ

14. Ignorance and separation from science:

One of reasons that darkness era is called with this name is that the people of that era were ignorant and illiterate. In that era, people followed their fathers blindly.
. بَلْ قَالُوا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَى‏ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَى‏ آثَارِهِم مُهْتَدُونَ* وَكَذلِكَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ مِن نَذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَى‏ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَى‏ آثَارِهِم مُقْتَدُونَ ( Zokhrof Surah/ verses 22-23)

The consequences of the acceptance of effect getting of Quran from the culture of darkness era:

The acceptance of the effect getting of Quran from the culture of darkness era involves negative consequences and no responsible and fair Quran researchers can accept it. These negative consequences include:

1. Quran made by human

If someone accepts that the prophet of the Islam subsumed some matters of uneducated Arab in Quran under effect of the culture of darkness era, it can be concluded that Quran is not the remark of God, but it is made by human whereas God rejects any interferences of the prophet in the content of Quran and states
وَلَوْ تَقَوَّلَ عَلَيْنَا بَعْضَ الْأَقَاوِيلِ * لَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُ بِالْيَمِينِ* ثُمَّ لَقَطَعْنَا مِنْهُ الْوَتِينَ( Haghe Surah/ verses 44-46)
The matter that Quran is made by human is in contrast with the miracle of Quran.

2. The time limitations of the rules of Quran:

If we accept that the matters of Quran were influenced by the culture of darkness era, there will be a question that some rules such as retaliation, punishing an adulterer, cutting the hand of a thief and … are related to the culture of uneducated Arab and have no use in our era . Since the rules of Quran are limited to time and place, they will not be used in later eras whereas the acceptance of this matter is a kind of the necessities of the religion and the rules of Quran are applied in all eras and are limited to specific places and times. But it is permanent and beyond specific time and place; in other words, it is sent to guide human.

3. Access to false matters in Quran and its invalidity:

The acceptance of the effect getting of Quran from the culture of darkness era involves the acceptance of superstitions, unscientific matters, deviational beliefs and unpleasant behaviors in Quran because there were such false matters in the culture of Arab before the Islam and as it was said, the supporters of this idea have expressed the existence of superstitions and unscientific matters in Quran.
However, exalted God introduces as a fact and rejects the existence of false matters in Quran.
إِنَّهُ الْحَقُّ مِن رَبِّكَ( Hud Surah/ verse 17)
وَإِنَّهُ لَكِتَابٌ عَزِيزٌ * لاَ يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلاَ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ( Foslat Surah/ verses 41-42)
If Quran is false and includes superstitions and unscientific matters, we cannot trust it and the Muslims cannot have holy texts as reason. This matter is not only in contrast with the content of Quran and the beliefs of the Muslims but also with fact and reality because according to the mentioned documents and reasons, the doubts of opponents about the effect getting of Quran about superstitions and uneducated Arab are false. Their answers were already mentioned.

4. Ignoring Quran from the scene of the life of the Muslims:

If we accept that Quran is influenced by the culture of darkness era and surrender against its consequences such as Quran made by human, the time limitations of Quran and the invalidity of the text of Quran, its result will be that Quran will have no validity in the matters of policy, society, law and …and cannot have any places in the scene of the life of human and is a historical book that has personal recommendations in relation to devotional and moral areas whereas this matter is in contrast with the soul of Quran and Islam as it is in contrast with most of political and social trains and the appearance of the verses of Quran. As a matter of fact, ignoring Quran from the scene of the life of the Muslims is the main purpose of the conspiracies of colonization in relation to Quran and Muslims.