
Translator: Zahra. Kalaa
Source: Rasekhoon.net
Source: Rasekhoon.net
The appearance of the sect '' Khavarej'' in the Seffin War was a new wound on the Islamic society. This biased and aggressive group that had worn the mask of piety made troubles with their unusual ideas and beliefs away from their regions for the government of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) that had just been founded and with consistent riots, they made a lot of problems for the government of the Islam. Hence, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) considered them as stupid people and under control of the Satan. In the different stages, he behaved them differently and could save a stupid and aimless group from the steep of decline with making them get familiar with the clear ideas of the Islam about different matters, but other persons of Khavarej that insisted on their own ideas perished in a severe war with the troop of the Islam and others survived from the war founded the conspiracy of murdering Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and unfortunately, they were successful in this ominous conspiracy. Khavarej considered Imam Ali an unbeliever person because he accepted Hakamiat and considered whoever was satisfied of it an unbeliever. They did not believe in the caliphate of Abubakr, Umar, Uthman and the half of the government of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) (before accepting Hakamiat) and cursed Moavie, Umarv As and Abu Musa Ashari after Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) disagreed with the caliphs of Umavi and Abasi firmly, especially they abused Bani Omaye and had skirmish with them. They led the government toward Moavie because they were short sighted, uneducated and stupid and when Imam Ali (peace be upon him) came back the Seffin War, they left the troop of Hazrat and put up tents with twelve thousand persons in Harura and dealt with robbery and made riots.
After he faced to them and the Nahravan War ended and when he came back Kufa in order to get ready to fight against Moavie, the danger of riot in harming the Islam and the Muslims was as much as Imam Ali (peace be upon him) emphasized on the firm confrontation with Khavarej and praised his appropriate and brave reaction against Khavarej and stated
«أیُّها الناسُ! فَإنّی فَقَأتُ عَینَ الفِتنَه ولَم یَکُن لِیَجَتَری ءَ عَلَیها اَحَدٌ غَیْری بَعدَ أن ماجَ غَیْهَبُها وَاشْتَدَّ کَلَبُها
''O' people! I neutralized the riot and no one could dare to do it except me. Then the dark waves of the riot spread anywhere and reached to its own extreme point''.
After the end of the Nahravan War and the decline of Khavarej, one of the companions thought that if the persons of Khavarej were killed, this event and the way of thinking would be eradicated forever. Therefore, he said to Imam Ali (peace be upon him) '' O' Amir Al-Momenin! Khavarej perished, but Hazrat Ali (peace be upon him) stated ''
«کَلاّ وَالله إنَّهم نُطَفٌ فی أصلابِ الرِّجال وَ قَراراتِ النِّساء کُلَََّما نَجَمَ مِنْهُم قَرنٌ قُطِعَ حتّی یَکونَ آخِرُهُم لُصُوصا سَلاّبین
''I swear God that it was not like that. They will be embryos in the back of men and the womb of women. Each branch from them will be cut until they will steal things''.
The basic root of the deviation of Khavarej was ignorance and disobedience and this will continue in all of the eras of the history. Hence, even if some of they are killed, we should not guess that job is done, but we should know that the ignorance of such persons is the means of the sly persons and the hypocrites and used them against the benefits of the Islam. This is the same reality about the prediction of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in relation to the ominous future.
Amir Al-Momenin, Imam Ali (peace be upon him), has described Khavarej in this way with information related to the painful political changes
«أما إنّکُم سَتَلْقَونَ بَعدی ذُلاً شاملاً و سَیْفا قاطِعا و أثَرةً یَتَّخِذُها الظّالِمون فِیکُم سُنَّةً
''Humility and meanness will cover all over your body, you will suffer from the sharpness of your sword and tyranny will dominate you and it will be your tradition and way''.
The prediction of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) became clear for the people of the future. Shortly after a person with the name '' Mahlob Bin Abi Sofre'' undertook the headship of the troop in the time of Abdullah Bin Zobeir and Hajjaj Bin Yusef and started killing Khavarej. After Khavarej murdered persons, usurped things and made fuss in the Islamic countries, Mahlab had skirmish with them in Tostor ( Shoshter), Basre, Ahvaz, Fars, Jorjan( Gorgan),Kerman, Sabur( Shahpur), Kazerun, Jiroft, and Movasel and followed them from one city to another one at night. Wherever he saw them, he murdered them and confiscated their properties. He was praised by Hujajj (the pilgrims of Mecca) because he killed Khavarej. Moreover, he received precious gifts from them and was appointed as the governor of Khorasan in 78 Gh.
The performance of Mohlab confirmed the reality of the remarks of Amir Momenan (peace be upon him) and proved the humility and meanness of Khavarej.
Although the trace of the foreigners could be observed in the time of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants), they gained the power in the event of Seffin War and imposed the event of Hakamiat upon Imam Ali (peace be upon him). After the ominous event of the judge of Hakamin and the betrayal of Umarv As and Abu Musa Ashari, they constantly tried to hurt Imam Ali (peace be upon him); therefore, they imposed the Nahravan War upon Imam Ali (peace be upon him). According to the prediction of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), in this attack, ten persons of Khavarej survived. They tried to find a plan in order to murder Imam Ali (peace be upon him). According to the narration of some of the historians, after some persons of Khavarej failed, they founded a large conspiracy that resulted in the murdering of Imam of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). They circled around Mecca in 39 Gh in the rituals of Hajj, discussed about their actions and behaviors and planned to kill them. Remembering the killed persons in Nahravan War, they cried for them and understood that the world would not be good for them anymore and decided to sacrifice their life in the path of God.
Finally, Khavarej concluded that the riot came from Ali Ibn Abi Taleb, Moavie Bin Abi Sofyan and Umarv Bin As and should save the nation of the Islam from the pioneers so that the Islamic society could experience the enjoyable taste of the life. Hence, three volunteer biased foreigners undertook this responsibility. Abd Al-Rahman Bin Moljam Moradi accepted to murder Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and Barak Bin Ubeidullah took the responsibility of killing Moavie and Umarv Bin Bakr Tamimi also took the responsibility of murdering Umarv As. swearing together, these three persons swore allegiance that they implemented this plan in the night of Ramadan nineteenth in 40 Heijrat. Then each of them continued their own path.
Barak Bin Ubeidullah could rush sword on the calf of Moavie in Sham and wounded him. According to the remarks of some of the historians, Moavie became Maghtu Al-Nasl( no born children from his family)with this hit of the sword. But Umarv Bin Bakr could not assassinate Umarv As because Umarv did not attend noon prayer on that day due to his stomachache and instead, He had Khareje Bin Hazafe pray and he was killed by the sword of Umarv Bin As.
Ibn Moljam came to Kufa and met his foreigner friends, but he did not make them aware of his intention until he met a group from the tribe '' Tim Al-Rebab'' that was worried about their killed persons in Nahravan War. In such a day, he met a girl whose name was '' Ghotam'' and she was extremely beautiful and his brothers had participated in the Nahravan War. Ibn Moljam fell in love with this daughter and proposed marriage to her, but one of the conditions of her marriage with him was to murder Imam Ali (peace be upon him).
Therefore, Ibn Moljam refused to conceal his intention and murdered Imam Ali (peace be upon him), the leader of the devout, in the dawn of the Ramadan nineteenth in 40 Heijrat in the mosque of Kufa with the cooperation Verdan Bin Al-Maajed (the cousin of Ghotam), Shobeib Bin Bojre and the person that was the sender of Umarv As and had a writing costing hundred thousand Dirham in his hand and the provocation of Ashas Bin Gheis.
The important point that should be considered is that according to the remarks of some historians, Ibn Moljam with the slogan '' rule belongs to God'' rushed sword on Imam Ali (peace be upon him). He stuck in the ideas of Khavarej. In a quick analysis, it seems that three persons of Khavarej founded the conspiracy of the assassination of Hazrat Ali, Moavie and Umarv As in a personal action and Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was killed by Ibn Moljam. With a deep analysis, it can be understood that this conspiracy was planned by Khavarej and implemented by these three persons because:
First, Most of the historical narrations confirm this reality that some persons of Khavarej circled Mecca, founded this conspiracy and three persons volunteered to implement this plan. Recording the assembly of this group, the historians have confirmed that they were Khavarej.
Second, according to the narration of most of the historians, Ibn Moljam was one of nine persons that survived from the Nahravan War.
Third, as it was said, when the khavarej of Kufa found the decision of Ibn Moljam, they helped him in this ominous action.
Fourth, the repetition of the well- known slogan of Khavarej from Ibn Moljam in the time of rushing sword on the pate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is another reason that the murderer of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was from Khavarej.
The analysis of historical documents shows that the conspiracy of murdering Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was not only a personal action, but it was also with a previous plan that the dignitaries of Khavarej had an effective role in depicting it and Ibn Moljam was its performer. To prove this claim, the different historical documents are available such as:
1. Ibn Abi Al-Hadid narrates some poems from Khavarej that confirm the participation of Khavarej in murdering Imam Ali (peace be upon him):
دَسَسْنا لَهُ تَحْتَ الظِّلامِ ابن مُلجَمٍ جزاءً إذا ما جاءَ نَفْسا کِتابُها
أباحَسن خُذها عَلی الرأس ضَرْبَةً بِکَفّ کریمٍ، بَعد موتٍ ثوابُها(28)
It means that Khavarej changed the destiny of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) whose death arrived with the conspiracy of Ibn Moljam at night. O' Ali! Accept the hit of the sword on the pate of you head; its reward is dependent on your murdering.
2. Tabari narrates some poems from Ibn Abi Miyas Moradi that represent the participation of Khavarej in this conspiracy:
و نَحنُ ضَرَبنا یا لک الخیرُ حَیدَرا أباحَسن مأمومَةً فََتَفَطّرا
و نَحن خَلَعْنا مُلکَهُ مِن نظامِهِ بِضَربةِ سیفٍ إذْ عَلا و تَجبَّرا
و نَحنُ کرامٌ فی الصباح أعزَّةٌ إذا الموتُ بالموتِ ارتَدَی و تأزّرا
O' Aba Al-Hasan! Heidar! We ( Khavarej) cut and divided your head into two halves. We eradicated the dynasty that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) was proud of with the hit of sword. In the time of the morning, the revenges of death was death (we took revenge of you).
These military poems said by Khavarej is a clear document for our claim, the persons of Khavarej were the main factors of murdering Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and they considered their reward in murdering Imam Ali ( peace be upon him) and were proud of it.
3. One of cases that confirms that the participation of Khavarej in the martyrdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is that they buried the sacred body of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) at night and did not reveal where he was buried. Because the children of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) scared in case Khavarej found the body of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and insulted him, they buried the sacred body of father at night and did not reveal where he was buried.
3. When Un Kulthum , the daughter of Imam Ali ( peace be upon him), talked to Ibn Moljam, she said to him '' why did you kill Amir Al-Momenin?'' Ibn Moljam answered '' I did not kill Amir Al-Momenin, but I killed your father''.
It can be concluded from these documents that first: Ibn Moljam martyred Imam Ali (peace be upon him) according to the ideas of Khavarej. Second: most of the persons of Khavarej participated in this ominous conspiracy. Third: according to the remarks of some current critics in this event, Khavarej followed orders blindly without research and the claim of Khavarej related not being as the factors of the martyrdom of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is unacceptable.
/J