Biography of Sheikh Mohammad KHIABANI

He is son of HAJ ABDOLHAMID KHAMENEI and ROGHIYEH SOLTAN. Born on 1879 in KHAMENE. Mohammad studied preliminary education in home town. He later went with his father to learn the mystery of trade and tried to know the economic systems of his time. But his mental attitude more than anything was to learn science. In return, he stayed in TABRIZ city to study religious science, Arabic literature, logic Principles, Jurisprudence, Astronomy, Math, Interpretation, Hadith, History and Dignitaries from the experts.

Masters in higher fields

He learnt religious principles from AYATOLLAH ANGAJI and astronomy from late MIRZA ABDOL ALI. Relying on rich talent finished higher education and reached to scientific level. He wrote and produced digital calendars. He started to teach astronomy and other tough subjects to younger students. His eloquent and sweet expression in AZARI language surprised great scholars. Opponents like AHMAD KASRAVI confessed that KHIYABANI was a great master.

Cause of popularity

In that time, AYATOLLAH HOSEIN KHAMENEI was a great cleric of TABRIZ. That great man had revolutionary ideas. KHIYABANI liked his ideas. Therefore he went to him. And became familiar. Later KHIYABANI married to his daughter. Sometimes Mohammad was attending prayers instead of father in law. So by this way, he became famous. Some people say, thousands were attending in his prayers. And by this way he was in contact with people and tried to talk about social problems. After victory of constitution and establishment of state council of Azerbaijan, SHEIKH entered a new phase. He was member and intellectual pillar of the community. And undoubtedly had an important role in guiding the revolutionary character of the people. He was defending the honor of the people against the invading army of AINODOLE. He was sleeping in trenches to encourage people and add resistance and was trying to show them the bright future. Mohammad was saying: My companions! We are against reactionary government and despotism. We never rise exhaustion and despair to our body, especially when the burden of nation`s life is hanging by a thin hair. So treat the historical integrity of our entire nation with gratitude and thanks, in such a way, all say Tabriz saved Tehran.
The war continued. Freedom fighters led by SATAR KHAN and BAGHER KHAN tried to protect the privacy of city. Their numbers reached to 40000 men with existing facilities. MOHAMMAD ALI SHAH was afraid of them. Therefore, he decided to borrow money from foreign countries to purchase weapon. Suppressing people protested in the streets. National council sent a telegram to French senate. And explained the king`s plot. This objection was effective and pushed the traitor to the ground. After discharge of king, the second term of legislative assembly began. KHIYABANI had brilliant experience. He was Imam of prayers for 5 years, member of state council, intellectual guide leader and popular for his pure and selfless heart. So, people of Tabriz selected him to be parliament member. He and NOBARI became representatives and went to Tehran. In 1909, assembly officially launched. Martyr MOHAMMAD KHIYABANI started to defend the right of oppressed Iranians. Meanwhile Russians sent a text ultimatum and ordered Iranian Government to expel foreign counselors and should not recruit from abroad without their permission. Next day, all protested. Markets closed. People moved out. Even women protested against ultimatum. This was the first public demonstration that women also participated. SKEIKH gave a passionate speech. He said: independence of every nation is depend on dignity and honor. If we cannot save our country, at least we will die. Because in this volatile time, survival is fading. These fiery words made passion in the hearts of people, who started to shout: long live Iran even after speech.
In an open session of parliament, secretary of state in a statement said: council of ministers unanimously voted that the Russian desire to be accepted. What is the opinion of representatives?
After a few minutes of silence and uncertainty, MP`s looked at each other. Would they dedicate the dignity of the nation to bully aliens? Some of them went out of the house. Again there was silence and the audience were with eyes wide open, waiting for the final result. Suddenly MOHAMMAD KHIABANI got up with great solemnity and sturdy and heavy steps forward. He broke the silence: no one has authority to withdrawn the freedom, unless gets back to ancient barbarism and brutalize. I can say with utmost courage and openness to the Russian government that we are not giving the independence of the country to others. I hope they withdraw this cruel ultimatum. After his sentences, other representatives rejected the ultimatum. From that day, everyone was talking about his courage and wisdom.
Fifteen days later, Russian embassy contacted the government officials and informed that their corps are in GHAZVIN. If in other six days, all our demands are not accepted, they will move to Tehran.
On December 29, assembly was held again. Late SHEIKH and other representatives proudly rejected the ultimatum again.
Few days later, council of ministers voted to close the parliament and accept the Russian proposal. VOSOUGHOLDOLE immediately accepted the request and ordered the dissolution of parliament. By this was constitutional revolution was dismantled.

Piece of paper 1919

Government of Iran published a contract document between Iran and England. It was disgraceful treaty. Some years ago, same government accepted the Russian ultimatum that had struck a fatal blow to constitution. And now is signing another agreement to give full authority of finance, custom and military to British advisors. Following the publication of the contract, there was a wave of protest and discontent in Iran. TAJADOD newspaper wrote: until the contract is not approved by the assembly, it has no credit. It is a piece of paper. In these crucial days, KHIYABANI went to Tehran to closely examine the political situation. He tried to have a conversation with some prominent political figures and make opposition against the 1919 contract. But no one gave the proper answer. Meanwhile, prime minister proposed 60 thousand TOMANS to SHEIKH to be quit. He rejected the offer and returned to TABRIZ. In this city, he became the president of local assembly. Discussions and decisions of local parliament were published daily. KHIYABANI and his companions wanted unity, harmony and cooperation for all Iranians.

Uprising 1920

In TAJADOD building, warriors of leader were armed. KHIYABANI decided to throw away all opponents out of the city. Market was closed people gathered around leader. Statements in Persian and French were installed on the walls. Situation was considered extremely sensitive. On the other hand, central government appointed MOSHIRULDOLE to defeat the uprising. His negotiations failed. So he took help of GHAZAGHZ. Invaders rushed to city, disarmed and killed all revolutionary forces. At the end, they found the SHEIKH in a basement and killed him too.

Goals

1) SHIKH KHIYABANI reintegrated the AZERBAIJAN chaos
2) Amputation of foreigners from territory
3) Co-operated with Jungle movement
4) Saving independence and territorial integrity and supported politics, economy, military and culture of Iran
5) Recovery and enforcement of constitution
6) Created a cultural revolution and return to self

Failure of uprising

1) KHAZAGH forces and their presence in TABRIZ city
2) Low resistance forces and armed insurrection and no permanent resistance army
3) KHIABANI tried to develop the people`s intellectual and political awakening and neglected to protect troops and armed insurrection
4) Betray of those who promised to help SHEIKH
5) Late SHEIKH remained alone. Russian and English forces were his enemy and central government too.