Achilles and Esfandiyar: two twin myth

In the vast world of human thought, all issues including good and evil, ugly and beautiful are interrelated and united; and what makes some thoughts as immortal is the same link that connects Iran to Greece, Greece to Egypt, Egypt to Rome, and eventually the whole world beyond the boundaries of color and race together, and it makes a marvelous ring of light and dark thoughts and symptoms of the different cultures on human life.
More surprisingly is that these thoughts are united inevitably and all have especial independence but if we look at them as if they are naked and without these colorful cloths, we will find the overall tone of thought in nations. Wishing not to die is sometimes a common wish of people, sometimes dream of being powerful is the common dream, sometimes the desire to achieve some power of predicting the future, and sometimes the wish of birthday of myth characters of the world and the mythological characters as if two siblings are from one mother, at one time and in the same place. Then each has brought up in another time and another place of his own traditions.
What is beautiful is that people outside the world of politics have a strange affinity. All Nations have kings without throne who support the poor people and they all fight with the tyrants with whom they are facing. The simple people whose hug is the place of rearing pure thoughts, they have shared champions and common enemies and in a word they have the beautiful world of common mind.
In the thought of different nations around the world there are dreams and familiar desires like being powerful and being a myth. Various ethnic groups have stated these wishes in various forms and they have covered these wishes with glorious epic story on the imaginary body of these wishes.
The shared imagination of humans in constructing and addressing such wishes and thoughts has naturally some shared aspects in the stories and myth characters. This share is sometimes in a natural way that is as a result of one of the thoughts and contexts of human life, and sometimes it is because of the affectedness of nations from each other that causes the limited common aspects.
In the mythology of the world, from Africa to Asia and Europe, we find other characters of myth whose stature, face, and behavior is identical in many cases. Anger and revenge, love and affection, their strengths and weaknesses are homogenous. They all have been born for the realization of this high thought and they die for teaching a great lesson. One of the most magnificent myths in the form of human powers becomes the hero against the events. But the idea of human toward death of these undisputed heroes is a joint theory: no force is capable to have superiority over the "death". And thus the rational part of the human mind against the wishing part of the brain has to accept the reality of the glorious and mysterious of death.
In all the myths related to brazen-bodied myths around the world, the death becomes another common subscription. The brazen-bodied mythological heroes should die too. Every human being suffers from his own weaknesses and the perfect embodiment of this weakness exists in the death of brazen-bodied myths. It is a symbol of human weaknesses. And all these porous and vulnerable weaknesses in the body of mythological brazen-bodied heroes convert to a great hole for entering the death.
Facing with the various characters of life and death connects people on earth together and this share is seen in the life and death of Nations champions wills.
The Greek Achilles heel, Iranian Esfandiyar eye, the German Siegfried back, the defend less Scandinavia are the common portrayal of human weakness in front of death. As their brazen-bodied ness is a common imaginary of their common desire in front of nature.
The subject matter of this writing is research about some similarities between two brazen-bodied personalities: the Greek Achilles and Persian Esfandiyar narrated by Ferdosi.
Because of the priority of Homer to Ferdosi, saying that Ferdosi has taken his main character, Esfandiyar directly from Iliad, the great character of Homer or from the oral traditions of Greece or that Achilles has reached during the global travel to Iran, chest to chest and thought to thought, and whether Ferdosi has taken this young, lovely and inexperienced character and has recreated in the form of Esfandiyar, is another discussion.
I am certain that in addition to the common denominator of the brazen- bodied ness of them, like the similarity in their mother, father, the form of their brazen-bodied ness, the shape of their death, cause of their death, time of death, reason of death, their behavioral characteristics of these two myths are important too. The difference is that one has worn the Greek cloth and the other has worn Iranian coverage. Of course, these two young heroes have different life styles, according to the time and location of their living and we will examine differences in another effort.
1. Mother Tethys (1) (Thetis), mother of Achilles is one the immortal goddesses of sea and water, according to a revelation or a prophecy, the gods who want to marry Tethys can understand that her child would be better than Father, so they decided to force her marry mortal beings and the person who is chosen for his marriage is (Pelee), the King of Fata (Phttie). Tethys, the goddess of water has the power of knowledge to future events, and this power, shows the short life of her son Achilles to her.

"Tethys then replied him while crying:

“Oh my child, why did I bring up you? So why did not you stay close to your ships so you would be safe from the pain and suffering. Although you fate instead of being long is rather short."
... So cool down your wrath upon the people of AKhayy and do not fight ... (2)
And despite her efforts to save her child from the reach of death, she could not be able to do this. Tethys who has lost her six children and she has only Achilles and yet the existence of Achilles has destroyed her matrimony life with Pelee, is the only one who supports Achilles in the time of anger and depression. When Achilles In the first sadness caused by Agamemnon the king, went to his mother and asked help:
"Then AKhylus suddenly started crying and went away from his relatives. He went and sat next to the Sea. He gazed on the Black Sea and called his mother to help him. (3) How good his mother is who helps him but he still gives his anger and harsh response to his mother and he spoke to her harshly and finally he ignored her prediction about his death.
Mother of Esfandiyar is Katayoon, the daughter of the Roman Emperor, an alien woman for an Iranian. A woman of Iranian descent of Kaiser, although she married with an Iranian prince but her husband Goshtasb is not a good election for her, and he is not the suitable man for Katayoon, and that's why her father pushed Katayoon away, as the Tethys was driven from the gods to the human being.
As Kaiser heard that, he obeyed it and gave his daughter to Goshtasb
He said to her go with him you will not find any treasure and jeweled crown next to me
Katayoon selected her spouse among so many great lovers. He is a strange young man who has no throne and no castle, no property and no money. He has once escaped from Iran and he has come to the castle of Kaiser and there he is selected by Katayoon and married her, like Tethys who has an interesting similarity with Katayoon and basically the main name of Katayoon is Venus:

And the famous girl named Venus

You called her Katayoon who had two children like the shining moon
Venus or Anahita in ancient beliefs of Iran is represented as the Goddess of water. The sacred and worthy of praise Goddess among Iranians; Venus is a very beautiful white woman with golden ring. (6)
It is understandable that in the time that multiple gods little by little are vanished in the existence of one God, Venus also moved on the ground, and once she was embodied in the body of the girl of Kaiser. In addition, for Muslim Ferdosi, speaking of Goddess of water would not be possible.
Among thirty-eight children of Goshtasb and Katayoon no one remains except two children named Pashtun and Esfandiyar and Esfandiyar was also killed when he was young. (7)
Esfandiyar that makes the difference between his parents treated like Achilles and he knows his mother reliable. When Goshtasb was upset because of his father's behavior, which operated contrary to his promise and covenant and Goshtasb who was furious asked his mother to give him shelter and he answers to his mother’s words like Achilles in front of his mother with a series of rapid and sharp words. (8)
Katayoon (Venus), however, like Tethys, is not a Goddess, though, she can sense future events, either when she with flowers in hand, who is the reminiscent of Anahita, sees her husband in a dream or, when she sees in nightmare the death of Esfandiyar in Zabul killed by Rostam and she warns Esfandiyar.
Listen to the advice of mother to bad advice and do not be sharp and harsh
Do not lose your life because of crown since no king has been born with a crown from his mother

2. Father

(Pelee), father of Achilles whose reputation is because of Achilles, was the King of Fata (Phttie) in Thessaly.
When Pelee lived in his father’s land Azhin (Egine), due to jealousy, betrayed Fokos (Phocos), a friend or a brother and a result of this conspiracy, Fokos was killed. And to follow this evil practice he has done, his father deported him from (Egine). He went to the court of (Euryroun) son of Actor and married his daughter (Antigone).
Pelee even is prosecuted in Thessaly by (Psamathé) the mother of Fokos. Psamathé sent a wolf to loot Pelee and Pelee after going through problems with courage and valor animals marries with Tethys.
Therefore Pelee, the father of Achilles by marrying Tethys makes a link between heaven and earth, between gods and men, and God gave him a child with advantage of the superiority of his brazen-bodied godlike. Achilles inherited attenuation from his father and the heavenly superiority from his mother.
Father of Esfandiyar, Goshtasb, is the King of Iranshahr. He is the link between heaven and earth in the thought of East people.
Two good and proud kings
They did not remind you of Goshtasb
Goshtasb was egoist and Lohrasb was unhappy by this
Goshtasb wanted the throne of his father, his father did not accept and it is mainly due to some moral characteristics that his father did not accept his request, he left his hometown, Iran and after a sea voyage he got married to the daughter of the Roman Emperor. (13)
Valiantly fighting with the wolf (14) and some other animals, is one of the characteristics of his young life in an alien land. He had the same fate that Pelee had. The difference is that Pelee got married to Tethys after his victories and Goshtasb got married to Katayoon and then he fought with the enemies. In fact Goshtasb could make Kaiser to accept the marriage of his daughter with these wars and courageous acts.
Goshtasb Like its twin, Pelee, had a child with superhuman force and he was more famous than his father.
In addition to the similarity of the two fathers, their grandfathers are similar in their pious behavior: Eyak, father of Pelee, and Lohrasb the father of Goshtasb, both are famous in asceticism and piety. Eyak is the most pious man of the Greeks. (15) And Lohrasb as the king and the greatest human being in the eastern thought is a pious king who finally abandoned the throne and chose the life of asceticism and piety. (16) Eyak and Lohrasb, both, have two children, the children of Eyak are Telamoon and Pelee, or on another narrative Fokos and Pelee, and the children of Lohrasb are Goshtasb and Zarir.
Some other similarities are also found between these two like making the fence by Eyak in Troy and building a place by Lohrasb in Balkh.

3. brazen-bodied ness

Achilles became brazen-bodied by her mother Tethys, in the underground river that belonged to the goddesses.
His mother took his heels and immersed him in the river, and thus all of his body except his heel became brazen-bodied. (17)
There are two narrations for the brazen-bodied ness of Esfandiyar: According to a narrative, Esfandiyar by eating pomegranate grains that took from a Zoroaster became brazen-bodied, but it is not mentioned that why his eyes did not become brazen-bodied.
Then he gave Esfandiyar of his pomegranate seeds
He ate it and his body became like a stone, and no injuries hurt him
So listen to this word and know that Esfandiyar was a brazen-bodied
And according to oral traditions, Zarathustra washed Esfandiyar in the holy water to make him brazen-bodied, and when Esfandiyar went into the water, he closed his eyes for the fear of water. (19)

4. The instrument of the death of brazen-bodied heroes

The instrument that can split their bodies is a wooden beam. What penetrated in the eye of Esfandiyar is a wooden beam.
And Achilles was killed by a wood (plant) that can be a symbol of nature.

5. The murderer of brazen-bodied men

Due to the idea of the ancients, the arrow that was shot toward Achilles was first left by Paris but Apollon guided the arrow to the heel of Achilles. And some believe that Apollon shot the arrow and Paris guided it.
Apollo is the goddess of prophecy, music and pastor, he is also the goddess of war, and he can shoot from a very long way and kill his goal quickly and gently. According to Homer, in the war between the Greeks and the people of Troy, Apollo supported the people of Troy and eventually his guidance killed Achilles.
When Rostam in his fight with Esfandiyar became disabling, he asked help from Zal, his father, who was brought up in the mountain and by animal and Zal called him by firing the leather of phoenix. And this cured the injuries of Rostam like a miracle and he gave Rostam an arrow and guided him how to kill Esfandiyar and in fact Zal and phoenix taught Rostam how he can kill Esfandiyar.
Even Esfandiyar knows this, he knows that a usual man cannot kill him, then when he took the arrow out of his eye, he said:
The hero did not kill me, look at this arrow that I have in my fist
This wood finished my life, Phoenix and Rostam taught this way to my killer
Zal made these tricks and acrobatics since he knows the trick of world (22)
In fact, Esfandiyar was also killed by Zal who was brought up by an animal and with the guidance of Phoenix, the extraordinary myth, as Achilles was killed with the guidance of Apollo and by the Parisi who was brought up by an animal too.

6. Troy and Zabulistan

Troy and Zabulistan are two lands where two young brazen-bodied heroes were killed. None of these lands were directly captured by our great brazen-bodied heroes, Achilles and Esfandiyar. Troy was captured by a prophecy that Apollo gave from an event, once by one of the boys of Eyak (captured Trojan by Heracles and with the help of Telamoon and Pelee) and the second time, after three generations by Neoleptolem, son of Achilles. (23)
doors of Zabulistan was also once opened by Goshtasb to promote Zoroastrianism, although at that time no war occurred actually, once again the harsh capture of Zabulistan happened by Bahman, son of Esfandiyar in the next generation. (24)
While researching in the life of this brazen-bodied hero, we faced some other similarities. Including the capture of Esfandiyar at the hands of his father is similar to Achilles who was sent to the court of King and stayed for 9 years there, although they have different causes of their round. And note that both, when the war is against the Greeks and Iranians, they returned and went to battlefield because the vote of fate is issued in this way that if these two heroes do not participate in the war, the enemies will win.
(Calchas) gives prophecy that Troy will not be captured by the Greeks without the presence of Achilles, so Ulysses found him in his searches in the castle of Likumid. (25)
Jamasb, the minister of Goshtasb has predicted that in the war between Iranians and Turanians (Arjasb), when Goshtasb failed he said we will not win this war without the presence of Esfandiyar and Goshtasb orders to return Esfandiyar.
When Achilles has been upset by Agamemnon, he turns away from the battlefield, the Troyes wins the war, as in the absence of Esfandiyar, and Turanians win the war.
There are other similarities between these two heroes, including that both are fighting because of the interests of another person: Achilles for Agamemnon, the strongest king of the Greek and Esfandiyar for Goshtasb. Both fight to bring someone from another country: Achilles for returning the Helen and Esfandiyar to bring Rostam. (29)
The story of both begins with the anger of heroes.
"O, the goddess of poetry, the anger of AKhylus killed the child of Pelee, for the anger he created for most of people and killed all the proud and courageous people. (27)
I heard the story narrated by Nightingale who read the story of the ancient people
When Esfandiyar returned drunken, he was angry from the house of Shahriyar
Kaiser Katayoon, the daughter of Kaiser was his mother; the dark night has covered her
The similarities that exist in the character and spirit of these two young men is remarkable, both are arrogant and irritable and angry.
Their courage is more than their pride and the virtue of pride is more honorable than the mean life. Although the time and place of death of both are known in advance, meaning that Tethys, predicted the death of son and Jamasb predicted the death of the prince, both their mothers have warned them to the result, but they both answered their mother in a harsh manner and anger.