Prophet and preservation of Quran (1)

A narrating from Zahak Ben Mozahem, the Sunni dignitaries have narrated that forgetting Quran is the greatest plight and it has been considered as the sins of the reader of Quran
حدثنا عبد الله بن المبارك، عن عبد العزيز بن أبي رواد، قال: سمعت الضحاك بن مزاحم، يقول: «ما من أحد تعلم القرآن ثم نسيه إلا بذنب يحدثه؛ لأن الله يقول: وما أصابكم من مصيبة فبما كسبت أيديكم وإن نسيان القرآن من أعظم المصائب».
Abd Al-Aziz Ben Abi Revad says that he heard from Zahak Ben Mozahem that said '' there is no one that learns Quran and then he forgets it; otherwise, he commits sins because God has bade '' every plight that a person suffers from is due to actions that you have done'' and forgetfulness of Quran is one of greatest plights. Abu Ubeid Ghasem Ben Salam has written
حدثنا أبو معاوية، عن الأعمش، عن إبراهيم، قال: قال عبد الله: « إني لأمقت القارئ أن أراه سمينا نسيا للقرآن »
Abdullah Ben Masud said '' I would not like to see a reader of Quran that has become heavy and he has forgotten the Quran.
More importantly, there are narrations that prove that some companions never forgot the Quran with the miracle of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants).
Tabarani has written in the book '' Majam AlKabir''
حدثنا أَحْمَدُ بن زُهَيْرٍ التُّسْتَرِيُّ ثنا أبو حَفْصٍ عَمْرُو بن عَلِيٍّ ثنا عبد الأَعْلَى ثنا عبد اللَّهِ بن عبد الرحمن الطَّائِفِيُّ عن عبد اللَّهِ بن الْحَكَمِ عن عُثْمَانَ بن بِشْرٍ قال سمعت عُثْمَانَ بن أبي الْعَاصِ يقول شَكَوْتُ إلى رسول اللَّهِ صلى اللَّهُ عليه وسلم نِسْيَانَ الْقُرْآَنِ فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي بيده فقال يا شَيْطَانُ اخْرُجْ من صَدْرِ عُثْمَانَ قال عُثْمَانُ فما نَسِيتُ منه شيئا بَعْدُ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَذْكُرَهُ
Usman Ben Abi Al-As said '' I complained about forgetfulness of the Quran in the presence of the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants). Then the prophet rejected me and said '' O' Devil! Leave the chest of Usman. Usman said '' I never forgot something''.
After narrating this narration, Heithami has said
رواه الطبراني وفيه عثمان بن بشر ولم أعرفه وبقية رجاله ثقات
Tabarani has narrated this narration and there is Usman Bashar in its document that I do not know him. However, other narrators are all reliable.
Usman Ben Bashar that Heithami has not known him has been Tosikh by Ibn Abi Hatam Razi
عثمان بن بشر الطائفي الثقفى روى عن بشر بن عاصم وعبد الله بن أبى شديد سمع منه سليم سمعت أبى يقول ذلك نا عبد الرحمن قال ذكره أبى عن إسحاق بن منصور عن يحيى بن معين انه قال عثمان بن بشر الثقفى ثقة.
Usman Ben Bashar has heard narrations from Bashar Ben Asem and Abdullah Ben Abi a lot. It has been narrated from Yahya Ben Moein that Usman Ben Bashar Saghafi is reliable.
Abu Usman Jahez has written in the books '' Al-Bersan and '' Al-Arjan''
ومن الأشراف أيضاً عثمان بن أبي العاص وإليه يضاف شط عثمان، شكا إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم نسيان القرآن فتفل في فيه فكان بعد ذلك لا ينسى ما حفظ منه.
Usman Ben Abi Al-As complained about the forgetfulness of the Quran to the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants). Then the prophet put the spit of his mouth to his mouth. Then he did not forget whatever he had not memorized. Bazar has narrated in the book Mosnad''
وأخبرناه محمد بن معمر والحسن بن عثمان قالا أخبرنا يعلى بن عبيد عن سفيان الثوري قال حدثني يزيد أبو خالد عن إبراهيم يعني السكسكي عن ابن أبي أوفى رضي الله عنه قال جاء رجل إلى النبي فشكى إليه نسيان القرآن فقال علمني شيئا يجزئني فقال: ( قل بسم الله والحمد لله ولا إله إلا الله والله أكبر ولا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله....
It has been narrated from Ibn Abi Ufa that a man came to the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and complained the forgetfulness of the Quran and said '' teach me something which satisfies me (I do not forget it from now on). The messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) '' say '' Besmellah and …
It is strange that the owner of the miracle and the healer of others has forgotten the Quran himself.
Forgetting Quran is one of big sins:
Most of the Sunni scientists have issued fatwa clearly that forgetting the verses of the Quran is one of big sins. We will refer to the name and the remark of 22 dignitaries of the history of Sunni jurisprudence according to the history of their decease from different religions.
1. Abu Al-Makarem Al-Royani Al-Shafei (died in 523 A.H.)
Abu Al-Makarem Royani, one of dignitaries of the history of Shafei, has issued fatwa that forgetting Quran is one of big sins. Zein Al-Din Iraqi has written about the design Al-Tasrib
وقد ذكر صاحب العدة وهو أبو المكارم الروياني من أصحابنا أن نسيان القرآن من الكبائر
Abu Al-Makarem Royani , the writer of the book '' Ede'' that is our companions ( Shafei religion) has said '' forgetting Quran is one of big sins''.
Ibn Hajar Asghalani explains the remark of Abu Al-Makarem Royani and his reason in this way
وقد قال به من الشافعية أبو المكارم والروياني واحتج بان الأعراض عن التلاوة يتسبب عنه نسيان القرآن ونسيانه يدل على عدم الاعتناء به والتهاون بأمره.
Abu Al-Makarem Royani is one of followers of this point of view (forgetting Quran is a big sin) and one of supports in the Shafei religion. He has reasoned '' avoiding reciting Quran results in forgetting it and forgetting Quran is lack of paying attention to it and laxity in affairs related to the Quran.
2. Abu Al-Faraj Ibn Al-Juzi (died in 597 A.H.)
الباب التاسع والعشرون في التحذير من العقوبات
اعلم أن العقوبة تختلف فتارة تتعجل وتارة تتأخر وتارة يظهر أثرها وتارة يخفى
وأطرف العقوبات مالا يحس بها المعاقب وأشدها العقوبة بسلب الايمان والمعرفة ودون ذلك موت القلوب ومحو لذة المناجاة منه وقوة الحرص على الذنب ونسيان القرآن وإهمال الإستغفار ونحو ذلك مما ضرره في الدين.
Chapter 29 is about making others scare from tortures:
You know that tortures are different. Sometimes, they can be done soon and sometimes, their implementation delayed. Sometimes, its effect can be revealed and sometimes, its effect can be hidden. The most quick is that the person that is tortured does not feel it. The most severe torture is to usurp faith and understanding. The heart attack, the spoilt of enjoyment of prayer with God, the increase of greedy to sin, forgetting Quran, laxity in seeking forgiveness from God and things that harm the religion are considered tortures in less severe degree.
3. Abu Abdullah Al-Ghortebi (died in 671 A.H.)
Narrating from Ghortebi, the Sunni famous interpreter, Ibn Hajar Asghalani has written
وقال القرطبي من حفظ القرآن أو بعضه فقد علت رتبته بالنسبة إلى من لم يحفظه فإذا أخل بهذه الرتبة الدينية حتى تزحزح عنها ناسب أن يعاقب على ذلك فان ترك معاهدة القرآن يفضي إلى الرجوع إلى الجهل والرجوع إلى الجهل بعد العلم شديد.
Ghortebi has said '' the rank of everyone that memorizes the whole Quran some of its verses will be higher than the persons that do not memorize it''. Hence, everyone that makes problems in this religious rank, as he gets away from this rank, is qualified to be tortured because giving up taking care of the Quran results in ignorance and returning to ignorance is considered as a bad action after science.
Ibn Hajar Heithami has narrated the remark of Ghortebi in this way
ومنها قال القرطبي لا يقال حفظ جميع القرآن ليس واجبا على الأعيان فكيف يذم من تغافل عن حفظه لأنا نقول من جمعه فقد علت رتبته وشرف في نفسه وقومه وكيف لا ومن حفظه فقد أدرجت النبوة بين جنبيه وصار ممن يقال فيه هو من أهل الله وخاصته فإذا كان كذلك فمن المناسب تغليظ العقوبة على من أخل بمرتبته الدينية ومؤاخذته بما لا يؤاخذ به غيره وترك معاهدة القرآن يؤدي إلى الجهالة انتهى.
One of them (the reason of forgetfulness of Quran is considered as a big sin) is the remark of Ghortebi '' it has not been recommended that memorizing the whole Quran is not necessary whereas a person that ignores memorizing it has been disapproved because we say '' every one that collects Quran (he memorizes the whole Quran) will increase his rank and honor''. It is completely right; everyone that memorizes the Quran has kept prophecy into his chest and they will be called '' those nearest to God''. Hence, if someone harms this religious rank, it is appropriate that his punishment will be doubled and he will be summoned in the way that someone else has not been summoned.
4. Mahay Al-Din Nuvi (died in 676 A.H.)
ومما عد من الكبائر الظهار وأكل لحم الخنزير والميتة بلا عذر... وترك الأمر بالمعروف على إطلاقهما ونسيان القرآن وإحراق مطلق الحيوان....
Things that have been considered as great sins include '' Zahar, eating the meat of pork and the dead without any reasons, giving up admonishing others to do right and preventing others to do wrong, forgetting the Quran, firing animals and …
5. Ibn Teimie Harani (died in 628 A.H.)
مسألة 183: في رجل يتلو القرآن مخافة النسيان، ورجاء الثواب فهل يؤجر على قراءته للدراسة ومخافة النسيان أم لا وقد ذكر رجل ممن ينسب إلى العلم أن القاريء إذا قرأ للدراسة مخافة النسيان أنه لا يؤجر فهل قوله صحيح أم لا؟
الجواب بل إذا قرأ القرآن لله - تعالى - فإنه يثاب على ذلك بكل حال، ولو قصد بقراءته أنه يقرؤه لئلا ينساه فإن نسيان القرآن من الذنوب فإذا قصد بالقراءة أداء الواجب عليه من دوام حفظه للقرآن، واجتناب ما نهى عنه من إهماله حتى ينساه فقد قصد طاعة الله فكيف لا يثاب
وفي الصحيحين: عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: استذكروا القرآن فلهو أشد تقصيا من صدور الرجال من النعم من عقلها، وقال صلى الله عليه وسلم: عرضت علي سيئات أمتي فرأيت من مساوئ أعمالها الرجل يؤتيه الله آية من القرآن فينام عنها حتى ينساها،
Matter 183 is about a man that recites Quran for the sake of fear of forgetting it and for the hope of its reward. Will such a person that recites Quran for training or fear of its forgetfulness be rewarded or not? Is his remark right or not?
Answer: if someone recites the Quran because of God, he will be rewarded and even if he recites the Quran because of fear of forgetting Quran, he will be also rewarded since forgetting Quran is considered as sins. Hence, if someone recites the Quran in order to fulfill a necessary action for supporting the Quran or in order to separate from what God has prohibited us, laxity in memorizing Quran and forgetting, and its purpose is to obey God, how will he be rewarded?
It has been narrated in the book '' Sahihin( Bokhari and Mosalam) that the messenger of God( peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) has bade '' recite the Quran a lot since forgetting the Quran is as quickly as the escape of animals from tie''. he also bade '' the sins of my nation were presented to me; I knew that a sin that equaled with all of sins of a person was '' God descends a verse to human and then he forgets it after a while''.
6. Ala Al-Din Al-Bokhari (died in 730 A.H.)
قال الشيخ رحمه الله إنما يصير النسيان عذرا في حق الشرع إذا لم يكن غفلة فأما إذا كان عن غفلة فلا يكون عذرا كما في حق آدم عليه السلام وكنسيان المرء ما حفظه مع قدرته على تذكاره بالتكرار فإنه إنما يقع فيه بتقصيره فيصلح سببا للعتاب ولهذا يستحق الوعيد من نسي القرآن بعدما حفظه مع قدرته على التذكار بالتكرار.
Sheikh has said'' if forgetfulness does not happen from ignorance, it will be considered as an excuse from the point of view of the religion. However, if it happens from ignorance, it will not be considered as an excuse as it has been bout human in this way. Human may forget what memorize whereas human can review and repeat it. If they do not review and repeat what they memorize, they will be blamed. Therefore, if someone memorizes the Quran and forgets it, she or he will be tortured.