Setting of Zionism (3)

4. The anti-Zionist Judaism (orthodox)
In the previous section we said that some religious Jews in response to movement of political Zionism in which emerged in the late nineteenth century, they agreed with it and confirmed, in fact, they created extremist religious Zionism. But in dealing with the phenomenon of political Zionism, other believers deal negatively with this issue and due to its nature which was incompatible with the "Halakhah" (Jewish law and journeys of Moses (peace be upon him), they denied it, and considered that it's a heresy in religion of Moses (peace be upon him). In other words, "Orthodox Jews" are those who strictly follow traditional beliefs and practices. They believe that the "Halakhah" will not change over time, and only competent scholars can properly interpret it. They do daily prayers and participate in traditional ceremonies and study "Torah" and even comply the rules and recipes of the Sabbath (Saturday). In 1998, of total thirteen and a half million Jews from all over the world, one million were Orthodox.
However it should be noted that many of the Jews, for centuries before the advent of Zionism, had been committed and believed in the traditional formula of "return to Zion" (exile, waiting, Christ's return, and the return of exiles to Zion) and condemned any other movement.
Accordingly, Orthodox Judaism believes that the idea of returning will come into the truth at the end of time and it is a religious theory that will occur in the form of sacred history, not in the history of humanity. So for this reason it can be claimed that one of the causes of failure of Napoleon's conquest of "Palestine," was Orthodox Judaism opposition with him, despite of accompanying of a series of Jews.
However, with the advent of political ideas of Zionism, people like, Samson Raphael Hirsch (1808-1888) and Hazqal Landau (1713-1793) designed the theoretical framework to show their opposition to Zionist policies. The more of the ideas of these people, people like Haile Sahaymer established the organizations in order to promote the above ideas.
"The guardians of the faith", was the first political organization that was established with "Sahaymer" motivation. In "America" as Isaac laser attempted to recruit and train of people who devote themselves to Jewish values and want to protect them.
In the process of movement of political Zionism in the nineteenth century, however it was protected and strengthened by colonialism, for the reasons and conditions, Orthodox Judaism continued to oppose, because the Orthodox Judaism sought its views and thoughts only in religious texts like "Talmud" and "Kabala".
Orthodox Judaism is actually does not believe in a part of the land as a holy land which was entitled to have war and bloodshed, but it sanctified spiritual soul return to the divine origin. In fact, we can say that "Philadelphia conference" was the Jews opposition and its turning point to Zionism. "Rafael Madoff", American scholar and author, believes that:
Philadelphia Conference was a community of anti-Zionist American rabbis in 1869, which denied the revival of the ancient Jewish state by David generation, because such a return requires a further separation from the other nations of the world. Assembly instructions of "Pittsburgh" in 1885 was the most important principles of reformist rabbis of 19th century which stated that:
"Judaism is an honorable religion, not an ancient people, and since it does not need a national homeland".
This religious thought was the base of "Montreal conference" establishment in America in1897, which was set up in order to oppose the political Zionists who believed in the use of force to return to Zion. The conference issued a statement as follows:
We refuse any initiatives cause to the establishment of a Jewish state. Such efforts exhibits the wrong assume of Israel's mission in which the Jewish prophets were the first inviters. We emphasize that Hebrew objective is not political or national, but it is spiritual and its end-line is messianic redemption era, in which all men will recognize their belonging to a great community in order to establish God's kingdom on earth for them.
Along with the opposition of the religious Jews to political Zionism, it could be mentioned that German rabbis prevented to set up the first Zionist Congress in "Munich" as they believed that any attempts to the establishment of a Jewish state in the Land of "Palestine" is inconsistent with the principles of Judaism and relying on weapons and money for the occupation of Palestine is really the greatest betrayal of the ideas and sanctities of Judaism religion. Rabbi "Dr. Yezuil P. Feldman, a member of the World Union of anti-Zionism Jews, refers to the mainstream of Jews opposition to political Zionist project and said:
"Since Zionism (political Zionism) arose, world rabbis opposed it, but you probably do not know it. Always there are a good side and a bad side. It is impossible that any Jewish believers follow the directives of Israel regime, because he says "God does not govern the destiny of man, and he can take over his destiny. How does a Jewish follow these thoughts?"
In spite of among the religious Jews, some of them support the political nature of Zionism and within parties like "Mefdal", "Mizrahi", "the House", "Mimad" and… figures such as Joseph Borg, "Chaim Shayra", "Isaac Raphael", "Judah Amitan", Moshe Loinger" formed the religious party of Zionism, but their political behavior is not acceptable for many wise men of Jewish religion, as Jewish rabbis and scholars as "Moshe Menuhin", "Israel Shahak", "Elmer Burger", "Alfred Lilienthal", "Judah Laib Menuhin", "Morris. B Cohen, "William Zuckerman", "Henry Horiatis" are one of the oppositionists.
Among the most ancient of religious anti-Zionist movement in which believed in the Law of Moses (peace be upon him), is "Hasidiah movement".
"Hasidiah" is a Hebrew word, which means "clean and pure" and follows the Sufi-oriented policy in the religious teachings. Hasidim sect was raised as a spiritual group since Jesus (peace be upon him), while maintains the Jewish religion also entered the socio-political arena over the time. Generally it is better to say, "Hasidim" is a religious movement which was created by "Israel Baal Shem Tov" at around 1735. He was not a rabbi, but as a migrant missionary widely traveled and trained the philosophy of faith, love and happiness. His Propaganda is increasingly welcomed, and it was also disputed. Jewish leaders of the time, "Wilnageon" excommunicated him. His philosophy spread throughout Eastern Europe, as far as a revolutionary impact left on Jewish life. At that time, many Jews were focused there and thus created a strong opposition. Hasidim is still a vital aspect of contemporary Judaism. Along and in line with this belief, the "Hebad Al-Hasid" movement which means "the owners of pure thought", that is the name of a group, led by Rabbi "shneur Zelman Malady (1748-1813) and was formed. They believe that Jews must live in exile until the Christ (peace be upon him) will up rise because that it is only the Lord Christ who has the strength of liberation and salvation of the Jewish people and restore them to the land of Israel. Members of this group illegitimate establishment of Zionist government, and they disagree with all the policies of the regime. Including a group of like-minded and consistent with Hasidiah which still continue the anti-Zionist and religious activities, is "Neturiakartay" movement. This movement which called the guards of the city, was formed after splitting in Israeli "Agudat movement" in 1935. Their spiritual leader was Rabbi "Moshe Blowy". The movement is known as the Global Alliance of anti-Zionist Jews.
Rabbi Moshe Hirsch, foreign policy chief of the movement, states:
We are Jews and opposed to Zionist regime which occupied the Holy Land of "Quds" against the sake of God. We do not speak current Hebrew language in the Zionist regime, our language is "Yiddish", we do not eat their food, we do not go to their schools and their hospitals, we do not pay taxes to them and we do not recognize Israeli flag. This population not only sees Judaism with Zionism in total contradiction, but also does not recognize the existence of Israel and calls for the destruction of the Zionist state.
Including effective figures of the movement is Rabbi "Dr. Israel Weiss", "Neturiakartay" movement speaker, stated in 10 June 2000:
"Palestine belongs to the Palestinians and Israel will be eliminated by the divine scourge and we demanded the elimination of Zionism in our prayers to God.
Herzl tried to confuse the Jews by lying, and that's why none of the great rabbis and Jewish scholars did not support him and he just used his extensive media facilities could misdirect ordinary people. In the Torah, God exiled the Jewish people from "Palestine" for the punishment, and they should not go back.
In the statement that "Neturiakartay" issued at the media's role in support of the intifada meeting, in 30 January 2002, said:
"Zionism is a material nationalist and it was emerged by a misbeliever Jewish that was called Theodor Herzl... Finally, Zionism is a kind of blasphemy and has denied God's government on human affairs. So the goal of this movement and its subsequent success led to be widely rejected the teachings of the holy Torah and its commands. We, as anti-Zionist Jews, represents the oldest and most stable Jewish perspective in the context of our Zionist movement."
In 2006, Rabbi "Dr. Israel Weiss" emphasized on anti-Zionist positions of the Global Alliance of anti-Zionist Jews at conference of "the Zionist as a danger to world peace", in "Tehran University," said
"Zionism is a secular and materialistic movement, no religious belief is behind it, while Judaism is divine and believes in God and religious issues. At a time, we were living in Jerusalem and could not live in this land based on what God wants. So our Lord expelled us from the land and we were scattered all over the world. This distribution is still ongoing. We are then in exile and we have no right to use force to do so.
This movement has played a positive role as the anti-Zionist Jews in the world of course in some extents.
5. Christian Zionism
This term specifically refers to a theory of the Christian community, with a positive view to Judaism and it was oriented in Europe, although its main origin is "England" and also is known with the names such as Christian evangelists, Christian rightists, Christians who have been born again and even millenarian.
According to this theory, the Jews are a chosen and particular people who migrated to the Holy Land (Palestine) before the advent of the Messiah, and after joining to Christianity, will dominate the world one thousand years.
At first the roots of this belief that Christians should support the Jews to achieve their longstanding aspires, were appeared in verdicts of Christian church leaders. Bishop "Thomas Draks" (about 1618), who was the most influential and prominent religious scholars in "English", has said:
The all of specific promises such as the land of Canaan, is the form of a worthy government of the Jews ... and the other thing that we, Christians, confess that we owe to the Jews and give our infinite love to them, and we completely avoid any malevolence to them.
Will they return to "Jerusalem" again? At this point, there is no doubt, the prophets have confirmed this matter everywhere.
The main advocators of the theory of Jews return to Zion, among Christians, dominantly are the sect of "Protestant" Christianity and its founder is "Martin Luther" (1483-1546). Of course, throughout the history, there was always been doubt that Luther was a Christian Jewish Maranon. He made the reforms in the Catholic Christianity and was usher of social reforms in "Germany". In 1516, at first, fought with the sale of tablets and guarantees forgiveness of sins which was issued by the church.
Luther was a priest, contrary to usual procedure, married with a Christian nun. These actions and thoughts were supported by the German princes and wealthy Jews and then converted to a correction as Protestant.
As the same time, in "Switzerland", Jewish "John Calvin" (1509-1564) expanded the Luther thoughts and after that, the National Cathedral of "England" (Anglican Church) and the national church of "France" (Scottish) were excluded under the domination Catholic Pope.
In 1523 AD, Martin Luther wrote a book entitled "Christ was born a Jew" which was reprinted seven times in the first year. He confirmed the views and ideas of Judaism in this book and condemned the tyranny and oppression of the Catholic Church on Jewish people and stressed that the Christians and Jews have the same ancestry. He says in this book:
The Holy Spirit wanted to all of chapters of Bible will be come down only by Jews. Jews are the children of God and we are foreigners and guests, and we must acquiesce to be like as dogs which eat leftover of their lord food. Just as a woman of Canaan.
Although he tried to prove his innocent of the charge of being Jewish until the end of his life, but he did not much success. Luther and his many contemporary theorists during the Renaissance, followed the religious Reformation, their beliefs were based on opinions derived from considering of the "law" and "Hebrew" as sacred. Some scientists, mainly regarded the religious reformation movement as a Hebrew or Jewish rebirth because these are Protestants who the first time gave the aspects like the Christian principle (or expected Messiah) and the Millennium (thousands years of government in peace and justice on Earth) was this aspect of Christianity with the adoption of the main lines of the Jewish tradition.
This sect was the Jews in the Christian form who promoted the Zionist teachings among the Christians of "England" and "America" and had the greatest impact on their Christian Zionism. The most effective action of the Protestants which organized in support of Zionism was in the United Kingdom at first. In 1809, in "London", the Church of England, established the Church spiritual services for the Jewish community. The objectives of the society were as follows:
1. Proselytize of Jewish roots of Christianity among the Christians of the world
2. Attempt for the immigration of Jews from all over the world to the land of "Palestine" and the establishment of the Zionist state called Israel in Palestine
As a result of Christian Zionism support by Protestantism in the 19th and 20th centuries, accelerates the Ottoman Empire collapse and the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Succinctly, the two movements namely Christian Zionism and Jewish Zionism have the religious and ideological commons in which make them closer to each other, including:
1. The Community and settlement of Jews in "Palestine" before the advent.
2. The Great War of "Armageddon" desert which is located in the Holy Land (Palestine) at the end time.
3. The destruction of two major mosques namely "Ghobbat Al-Sakhrah" and "Al Aqsa" belonging to Muslims in "Jerusalem".
4. The return of Messiah (the idea of Christianity) and the advent of Jesus (the idea of Judaism)
And even today, Zionist Christians have announced their agreement with complete occupation and domination over Arab lands by the Zionists of Israel from the Nile to the Euphrates.
Political alliance known today as the conduct of foreign policy of "America" in the international system arising from the theory of Manifest Destiny which focused on complete control of Americans over the world
As a result, the American Christian Zionism is a politico-regional authoritarian movement that serves the purposes of Jewish Zionism. As this issue, when "Steve Grossman", the previous president of The American Israel public affairs committee (AIPAC), was elected as chairman of the US Democratic Party, in 1996, and "Fran Katz", Deputy of AIPAC was promoted to financial management of the Democratic Party, and was more lionized in the administration of President Bill Clinton. With the election of George Bush, son, at the third millennium, the mission was continued by neo-conservatives in "America". However, it certainly can be said, Today, most American politicians are affected by both Jewish and Christian Zionist beliefs. The history of the Christian Zionist influence on US policy enforcement (as arranged) was returned to the late 19th century and even before Herzl's political Zionism. William Blackstone, founder of the largest Christian Zionist movement in the United States to achieve the political goals of Zionism pressured a lot on American policy makers, established Hebrew committee of Israel representatives in "Chicago", in 1887. The organization, today called «American Messianic Fellowship» operating from the nineteenth century wanted the Jews to return to the Holy Land. "Blackstone" released the book of. "Jesus is coming" and published in more than one million attempts to establish a strong link between Christian Zionists and Jewish Zionists who had just started to work. "Blackstone" visited of "Palestine" in 1888 and accepted the return of the Jews to Palestine in addition to being a sign of promise of "the Bible", is a great activity in the areas of construction and developing of economic benefits as well. Some later, "Blackstone" founded the first pressure group in "America" for supporting of the Jewish state establishment.
When Herzl hesitated about Palestinian land in which the Israeli government set up in it, "Blackstone" sent him a copy of the Bible contain traces of Jewish return to the Holy Land and forecasts this, and now this copy is still in the vicinity of Herzl tomb. Besides "Blackstone" sent a petition to "Benjamin Harrison", the president of "America" in that time, asked him to help the return of the Jews to Palestine. Such a process of maturing of the political beliefs of Zionism has strengthened of the Zion movement among Christians.
Popular belief in Zionism among Protestants, since strengthened that an English Christian priest "John Nelson Darby" (died in 1882) demanded for Christ aspires in the "Holy Land" to practice and proselytized on Zionism in Christianity. He believed that with the implementation of the predictions of "Bible", the Messiah (peace be upon him) will appear.
Later, in the late 19th century, an American priest developed and supported the theory of the "Darby" with their own interpretation of the "Bible". He who named "Cyrus Scofield" gathered the followers for himself and founded the new school was called evangelists.
During the last century, they were known as evangelists and their number are over 60 million people in "America". Political and ideological positions of Zionism in "America" is closest to the evangelists who have the enormous resources and capabilities. Votes and comments of members of this sect is very important in Unites Starts of America presidential election.
Thus, each of the presidential candidates who are approved along Zionist purposes by well-known figures of this movement and its leaders like "Pat Robertson", "Mike Evans", "Jack Van Aimp", "Jerry Falwell" and "George Carey" will be given more attention at election time.