The Status of Jews in Russia

From the beginning of the seventeenth century, torturing of Jews transferred from Western Europe to the Eastern Europe and Russian Jews in Tsar Era face many difficulties. In 1648 a wave of massacre started against Russian Jews and in 1669 in Caucasus a great number of them were killed. Following a decree issued by Emperor in 1791, Jews were limited in their choice of settlement and in 1794, Jews were doubly taxed. In 1828 Nicholas I made military service compulsory for everyone and 12-year-old Jews had to do join military groups.
In 1835 the Tsar of Russia, ordered the expulsion of the Jews from Kiev and in 1855 in a decree forced them to stay in the region of Lithuania, Minor Russia, New Russia and specific areas of Ukraine.
These forces and difficulties imposed upon Jews were due to Russian government and people’s awareness of the negative features of this tribe.
Anton Chekhov (1860-1904), a famous Russian author, in one of his short stories, describes spirits of Jews of his time by drawing the character of the inn "Gorchum", as follows:
He is a filthy Jew who has been all his life in search of money and run for profit. He never pays attention to the nature of society and the environment in which he lives and he does not care about ethical and moral values. He was given a life in the world to gather money. Either legitimate ways or usury, treachery and deceit.
But the peak of the plight and suffering of Jews in Russia was in 1861, when it was discovered to the Russian authorities that Jews not only have no zeal and interest in their own country, but are involved in many anti-Russian conspiracy. During the assassination of Alexander II, Tsar of Russia, one of the revolutionaries of Poland, he was killed by a bomb, and it turned out that a Jewish woman with the participation of three other Jewish had designed this conspiracy. Following the incident, the Russian press began to reveal and explain the secret of the Jewish conspiracy against Russia. This caused public outrage against the Jews and the summer of 1881 the killings and explosions in Russia and Ukraine and Kiev took place and hundreds of Jewish homes and stores were looted and waves of violence in neighborhoods and regions Jewish settlers were pulled.
In August 1881 the new tsar of Russia, made one of its agents responsible for the formation of a committee to review and audit the Jews. In October of the same year, the committee was formed and issued special provisions for more stringent measures against Jews which in 3 May 1882 it was enacted as the official rules which was approved by the tsar and was implemented until the time of the Russian October Revolution (1917).
A summary of some of the provisions are as follows:
1. No Jew has the right to immigrate in any rural area in the beginning. (This regard, the Russian authorities among the thousands of small towns in rural areas said that Jews do not have the right to enter and settle there. At the same time, many Jews tried to resort to bribery to stay in these areas).
2. Villagers can expel Jews from their village whenever they want.
3. If a Jew leaves his village, even for a few days, the right of return does not fit for him.
4. Renewing the lease with the Jews is forbidden, and they are obliged to leave after the rental period.
5. No Jew has the right to bring his widowed mother from the other village, is not allowed to continue his father's job in the village. He also does not have the right to go to another village clinic.
These laws limited the frequency of continuing education for Jewish children in middle schools, high schools and universities, so that thousands of Jewish boys and girls wanting to continue their education, had to leave Russia.
In this regard, Sashar, tells an interesting story of a young Jewish girl. This girl wanting to be able to follow her interest in one of the schools of St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and to study there, in order to get a residence permit in this town, decided to get a yellow card (for prostitutes). However, as Police found her not doing her official occupation and instead she is studying, she was expelled from the city.
As early as 1903 a farmer from nearby Chisinau discovered the lifeless body was discovered by a Russian child. Although it was said that child's uncle claimed responsibility for the murder, but a Russian newspaper claimed that Jews killed this child to use their blood in religious rituals. This prompted residents to take a bloody revenge on Jews.
On Sunday, sixteenth of April 1903, a group of Russian youth attacked Jewish shops and homes and looted their property. In the evening of the same day, murdering was started and the police did not take action. This situation continued for 24 hours, until the intervention of the armed forces which dispersed aggressive crowd. In this chaos, 1,500 Jewish homes and shops were looted, and 54 Jews were killed and 86 people were injured.
In August, following the government provocations, massacres took place in which a large number of Jews were killed and 250 homes were destroyed, then the killings continued speedily in other parts of White Russia and Ukraine until the end of 1903 the early months of 1904; but in 1915 about six hundred thousand Jews by Russian tsarist government, to have left their country. This unprecedented wave of panic across the country prompted. Hundreds of thousands of Jews who had been on the way to move, like a flock of quadruped was driven toward goals.
In this case, at eleven o'clock at night they were warned that they have only a few hours to leave their homes and in the dawn, whoever stays at his home, will be hanged. With this threat, all were forced to start their move at night. The elderly, sick and disabled people due to lack of access to coach, were carried on the shoulders of others. They were treated like criminals by the police. It is said that in this catastrophe a hundred thousand Jews perished of hunger and six hundred thousand people in crisis, security and economic problems, and all the houses and commercial places burned in fire and were plundered.
What happened to Jews made them to take revenge from the Kaiser and the Russian nation by any means at their disposal. In the late nineteenth century, relying on an effective leverage of their enormous wealth and particular practices that they knew, they dragged Russian economy to the brink of bankruptcy and insolvency crisis and, serious economic recession throughout the country cast a shadow.
In the meantime, the Russian Finance Minister, sought help from the wealthy Rothschild family of Jewish and had long talks with them, but the Rothschilds who had been waiting for this moment, told they would give loans to the Russian government on the condition that they stop hostilities with Israel and their demands.
Kaiser regarding this condition, in a decree, addressed the nation, saying:
It is for a long time that we control Jews and their relations with other classes of people, and we know how these people brought economic misery have to the Christian population. They have all the features and power, not in the interests of the country, but in order to deceive the people, especially the poor have to work. Thus, the fact that the abuse of the tribe, the nation has provoked anger, to take decisive action to limit their harassment ... and if necessary to protect the privacy of justice.
Following this order, the special laws of limiting Jews was implemented in 1882.
Jewish leaders who possessed necessary motivation to overthrow Caesar's government, did covert efforts to overthrow the Kaiser's government. Jacob Schiff most wealthy Jewish financier and head of Kuhen, Loeb & Co. in the years 1904-1905 granted huge loans to Japan which was at war with Russia and it caused many problems for Russia. On the other hand, Schiff gave about 17 to 24 million dollars (the equivalent of hundreds of millions of dollars today) to the Communist Jewish revolutionaries in Russia, and in return, the Bolsheviks after the victory of 1917, deposited an amount of six hundred million rubles in Schiff banks which was an effective and timely help to him.
Perhaps some readers will be surprised if they told at the outset of the Soviet communist revolution, the revolution was considered a Jewish one. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Russia was considered the highest authority and was made up of Jews as follows:
Bronstein, Zinovikiev, Lurie, Orivetsky, Folodarsky, Kaminiev, Yankel and Stiklov
Abovementioned figures in addition to Lenin's wife and mother who were Jewish, constituted nine of the twelve members of the Council.
But in the era of Stalin, the Central Committee of the Communist Party - in 1936-had 59 members, 56 of whom were Jewish, and the others, including Stalin, had a Jewish wife.
Kaganovic writes: The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, not just put any crackdown on wealthy Moscow Jews, but also they were respected and their dignity in the Soviet Union reached its peak.
David Duke, a former member of Congress of America writes: During the extensive massacre occurred after the Communist Revolution in Russia, only Jews enjoyed complete immunity. At that time, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was an unprecedented move and those who opposed Jews, were sentenced to death.
Jewish Voice magazine reported in its January volume in 1942: Jewish people will never forget that the Soviet Union is the first and only country in the world that regards anti-Semitism as a crime. Stalin said: Communists are obvious enemies of Jewish people. We in the Soviet Union with all means at our disposal fight against enemies of the Jews and in accordance with the law, those who are active on anti-Semitism will be punished.
After mentioning the slaughter of tens of millions of Russian by Bolshevik Soviet government in the years 1918-1954, Duke says: Jews were the inventor of systems of detention centers where tens of millions of them have been destroyed.
Duke adds:
Alexander Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in the book Gulag Archipelago (p 79) published photos of the most important and the most significant figures who created the most weapons of genocide in the history of the world and named them: Aron Solts, Yakov Rappoport, Lazer Kogan, his Matvei Berman, Genrikh Yagoda, and Naftali Frenkel. He stressed that all six were Jewish.
However, what was discussed here was just a brief explanation of the bond between the Jewish and communist revolution in Russia, but those wishing more information on this can see pages 39-65 of the aforementioned book by David Duke. According to what was investigated in this article and other articles examined the situation of the Jews in Europe during the past century was broadly evaluated, following result can be obtained:
First, the way Jews interacted and communicated with the majority of people and the host nation reveals a relatively rational and clear picture of the mood and manners and morals of this people throughout history.
Secondly, contrary to the beliefs of leaders of Zionism, the phenomenon of "anti-Semitism" has not been a regular and continuous matter throughout history, but had been practiced at some point in time and influenced by social and political conditions and usually in response to abnormal and obnoxious performance of this tribe.