Iran trifle of big powers

Source: Book, Strategic importance of Iran in the Second World War

A) Victory of Germany in France and its influences on the international politics

The influence of lightning or Blitzkrieg victory of Germany in the France front was very deep in the international politics. After the squash of the France resistance in June of 1940, Hitler very well knew that the only way to prevent the involvement in the prolong wars and the inauspicious outcomes from it was a coalescence of friendship treaty and peace with England and or lightning or Blitzkrieg martial victory on this last remaining competitor in the western Europe.
Hitler believed that England will identify its critical position and will soon for the coalescence of such peace treaty will face him. But this computation of his did not turn into reality because England was strongly against the provision of a complete operation freedom to Hitler in Europe and decided to continue the war till the ultimate victory on the Germans. The prime minister of England, Mr. Winston Churchill, specifically stresses upon this point as follows:
`` We will defend the soil of our island and in association with ``other countries’’, the England imperial for the abolition of Hitler from the page of the era will continue to an invincible war.’’
With this explicit manifestation Hitler forced himself to design a plan in order to demodulate forces in the soil of England and following it in the 16th July 1940, Hitler issue the following order:
`` From the viewpoint that England, despite the disappointed military forces condition, did not show any sign of the preparedness for the negotiations, therefore I have taken a decision to prepare the plan to demodulate forces in the England and in case of the need make it an execution stage…..The preparations or the conduct of a plan should completely come to an end till the mid of August….’’
After the issue of this order, the preparations initiated in an expansive level and in all the directions. From the viewpoint that for the demodulation of the forces in the territory of England was dependent with the acquisition of the total aerial eminency in the Britain space and the considered ports, therefore this big aerial combat between the air forces of Germany and England in the July 1940, started with this aim that air force of Germany had gained a total control on the space in this section and opens the route for the next stage, i.e. demodulation of the German forces in the island of England. Collateral with the initiation of this decisive combat between the air forces of these two countries, the martial power of England suffered another setback and that was the announcement of the battle of Italy and England on 10th July 1940. In this case, Churchill writes:
`` Subsequently, when France exited the stage of battle and England combat for life and death in its own country, it was natural that Benito Mussolini thought that now is the opportunity to make its dream operational i.e. control and supervision of the Meditterranean Sea’’.

B) The Soviet or the Russian government system

The unexpected and lightning or Blitzkrieg martial victory of Hitler in the western front, nestled the United Soviet government in a dangerous position; because in this manner their hope of a prolong war with the western front and between the imperialistic powers of the world had failed. Now the fear was the concluded friendship treaty between Hitler and the other imperialist powers of the globe and based on that, the total freedom operation in the entire Europe was certified and had endorsed the expansionism programs of Hitler in the west and access to the ``Vital Space’’.
From July 1940, Hitler investigated the conquest of Soviet Russia. He, in that period, had considered the summer of 1941, for the execution of his plans. To confront the danger of German military attack, now Moscow was determined that with the utilization of the remained opportunity, conquer the territories that were under his power circle and thus with the expansion of its boundaries, transfer the main war front with German military to the outside of the major Russian Soviet territory. Considering this principle, the Russian Soviet forced Romanians that with incorporation of Bessarabien and Bukowina provinces surrender to the Russian Soviet.
Even Iran did not remain secure in these reformations. The reports achieved were significantly from the intense pressure of the Russian Soviet on the government of Iran to surrender to the demands of that country which consisted the following terms:
1- The seizure of the strategic sensitive points and Tabriz and Mashhad airports and via the Red Army;
2- The endowment of oil privilege in the zone of Mazandaran Sea to the Russian Soviet.
Interactively it was mentioned that the Russian Soviet was ready to certify the diversified facilities and prestiges for expansion of the economical terms and the martial defensive commitment of Iranian soil against any kind of transgression via the third powers.
The secretive report of the foreign ministry of England, dated 20th July 1940, besides expression of the mentioned targets of the Russian Soviet in Iran mentioned that this country will probably strive to strengthen its defensive boundary powers with the seizure of the strategic sections of its adjacent territories. It is much likely that the Russian Soviet after the eviction of Romanian issue, discusses the new and official demands from the Iranian government so that in this manner increases the defensive opportunities of the vital sections of its land i.e. the oil zones of Baku. This kind of demand could even include the alteration of the boundary line for the benefit of the Russian Soviet. They in addition and with a strong probability will try to gain the permission to establish a division of its powers along the shores of the Caspian Sea in Iran.
The ambassador of Germany believed that the plans and methods of the Russian Soviet about Iran was worrisome and Russian Soviet is after an opportunity to grab the chance to attack the Iranian territory.
Schulenburg, the German ambassador in Moscow, as regards his meeting with Iranian prime minister reported that during this meeting the Prime Minister of Iran expressed his anxiety about the unfriendly method of the Russian Soviet and feared that Moscow is after an excuse that with resource force the execution stage of its expansionist plans in Iran. Schulenburg personally expressed that following the target of an access to Indian ocean via the Russian Soviet, has placed Iran on exposure to a real and permanent danger. The Russian Soviet is in a position that it could any time as it wishes or any time that it diagnoses the time appropriate, introduces the plan to attack Iran to an execution stage; although this point is undelibrate that whether in principle the Russian Soviet for the operation of its targets in Iran, up to this extent, i.e. will execute a military attack?

C) The terms of England with Iran

Hitler initiated the aerial combat against England with trust to destructive power of its air force in July 1940. He at this point since had much hope of an easy and a ``lightning‘’ or Blitzkrieg war in the war-fronts of Czechoslovakia, Poland and France, specifies to Admiral Roeder as follows:
``In the event that after eight days ceaseless aerial attacks, the air forces of Germany cannot enforce unrecoverable damages to the air forces, maritime forces, and ports of the enemy, it is that period when the implementation operation of the forces in the territory of England should be postponed to May 1941.’’
Soon the conduct of aerial combats made Hitler realize this point that an era of the ``lightning wars’’ or ``Blitzkrieg wars’’ has come to an end and controlling the aerial space of England, that was instituting the main pillar in the execution of the implementation of the powers in the territory of England and immediate victory over that country, according to the foreseen calculations and in a short period cannot be operative. The testimonials due to aerial combat provided the reasoning that the war in the England front was turning into a prolonged and an erosive combat. Following it this vision as new that the two countries viz. the United States of America and Russian Soviet had a significantly important role in the determination of the final fate. Now it was logical hat the involved fronts in the war contribute their total efforts to achieve the support of these two countries. The United States of America followed an impartial politics and lack of involvement in the European war and in this manner the method of the Russian Soviet in Europe, in reality turned into the determinator of the war fate. Churchill, who had earlier made Stalin realize the danger of power domineering and world conquest of Hitler now even added the suggestion of conclusion of a treaty. England was not only prepared to accept the control of Russia on the Balkan countries in Europe, but also was ready to even assist the Russian Soviet to operate its demands in Iran, so that in this manner prohibits the proximity of Stalin to Hitler. The Foreign Ministry of England describes the politics of England as follows: In case of an attack of the Russian Soviet on Iran, the probability that England implements an action against such stage was modicum. It is the authorities and the leaders of England and apart from that England will never show any kind of opposition against the increase of penetration of the Russian Soviet in the northern sections of the country and even their conquest. Even the English papers were encouraging and propagating such politics. For an example, the Standard Evening Newspaper dated 31st July 1940 in an article entitled ``a new joinery route to Russia’’ investigated the case of allotting a port in the Persian Gulf to the Russian Soviet, via the creation of a passageway in the soil of Iran and expressed that adoption of such disciplines is for the benefit of both the governments – the government of the United Kingdom and the Russian Soviet. In this article, even the Persian Gulf is named as an English sea.
This new direction of the England politics is the narration of the inclination of this government about the revival of discussions about the conclusion of an agreement with the Russian Soviet, that broke in the August 1939. England was hopeful that in this manner:
``……The danger of the measures of the Russian Soviet from the commercial and or martial viewpoint against England – and to the benefit of Germany – could be elevated. The danger that should generally always be considered till that period in the martial plans’’.

D) The politics of Hitler about Iran

The possibility of creating a coalition between England and Russia in a worrisome manner was shown in the political and martial calculations of Hitler and forced him to adopt the tactics for the abstention of involvement in the two war fronts to prevent the occurrence of such a coalition. The determinative method of England government and lack of success of Germany in the air force proved that the defensive power of England is much more than what was imagined by Hitler. The hope of instant destruction of England resistance was getting weaker day by day. On 17th September 1940, Hitler issued an order to unboundedly delay the martial attack to England and implementation of the forces in these islands. The danger that not only the colonials and the Commonwealth countries of England, but also the probability of the United States of America and even Russian Soviet besides England entering the war against Germany was increasing day by day. Now, primarily the danger from the eastern boundaries that is via the Russian Soviet should be destroyed forever, so that a prevention occurs in the involvement of the two war fronts. From the martial viewpoint, the beginning of the attack preparations to Russian Soviet, that initiated in the summer 1940, now was followed with much intensity and the period of initiation of the attack was determined at May 1941. From political viewpoint the efforts of Germany were based on the condition that in any case prevents the creation of any kind of cooperation between England and Russian Soviet. Even here the Germans initiated the same game of Englishmen i.e. they showed themselves positive with any type of expansionism via the Russian Soviet in Iran. A report from Turkey in this regard from the martial consultants of Germany and Italy in this country were significant on the basis that Germany and Italy, appraised Russian Soviet in order to keep their attention inclined from strainers in Turkey to the other part of the Middle East and for an example to Iran. They were such reasoning:
`` The limited advancement of (Russian Soviet) in Iran, especially in the northern sections of this country, not only prevails better opportunity for the defense Baku oil regions to Russian Soviet, but also the Russian Soviet is getting nearer to regions of Iran. After the conclusion of these sections, Russian Soviet could move towards the Persian Gulf, and in this manner get an access to a port in the international sea. This action of the Russian Soviet will give a severe blow to the England, because in this manner will be deprived from the oil of Iran.’’
In this meeting the martial consultant of Germany in an implicit way addressed this point that probably the Russian Soviet will accept this proposal of Germany. Likewise during the popular travel of Foreign Ministry of Russian Soviet ``Molotov’’ to Germany, the numerous German authorities assured him that they completely formalized the expansionism of the Russian Soviet in the territories that terminate in the Indian Ocean.
In the meeting that was held between Trop and Molotov in Berlin, on 12th November 1940, Ribbentrop mentions that Pishva is now convinced that in principle is very advisable and useful if the determination of the influential regions between the countries of the Russian Soviet, Germany and Italy is acceptable. Ribbentrop later that whether it is unnatural that the Russian Soviet will bring bout execution stage the target to access the International Sea that has a vital aspect of him, in the south of his territory. And explains that in the recent months, this was the most important imaginary exchange between him and Pishva.
Hitler also stressed upon this deployment of Germany in his meeting on 16th November with Molotov and mentioned that the role of Germany in this issue is as an intermediate between the governments. It is clear that this deployment of Germany created a much grievance in the assemblies of Iran government. The ambassador of Germany in Tehran stressed upon this grievance in a report from Tehran and during it imagined the implacability of the state authorities of Iran and the excitement of the traders about the outcomes of the travel of Motolov to Berlin and its negative impacts on the entire lands and the independence of Iran. He reports that the Prime Minister of Iran had attracted his view to this subject but had rejected this canard.
The ambassador of Germany later demands from the Foreign Ministry of Germany that for the elimination of the anxiety of the Iranian foreign authorities officially denied the rampant that the territory of Iran had been transacted in the discussions of Molotov and Ribbentrop.
On 18th November 1940, the ambassador of Iran and also the Executive Director of Foreign Ministry of Iran, discussed his grievance with Ernst Freiherr Weizsacke about the probability that the interests of Iran had been sacrificed during the visit of Molotov to Berlin. He added that the one who has spread this canard is baseless and stresses that he is unaware of such discussion about the destiny of Iran that had led to the baseless grievance of Iranian authorities. And but the best witness to this that whether in reality was aware of such affair or not, had evidently brought about his notations in his diary that two days prior to the meeting with Iran ambassador on 16th November in the form of a branch of modulation. And he writes in his diary that:
``Molotov is not the person that could be attracted to the future ambiguous promises about the failure of England. He rejects the entire pacts that (via Germany) such as the port in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf for the reason that in the near future is inoperable…….’’
This method and the policy of Germany in front of the Russian Soviet in a general manner and in the case of Iran in a specific manner was demonstrative of this point that the aim and the politics of Germany against Iran had immaterially no difference with imperialistic method and politics of England. The Hitleric government of Germany, although had much friendly and eminence terms with the Iranian government in the secretive meetings of his with leaders of Russian Soviet formalized this territory as a penetrating zone of the aforesaid government, so that in this manner gain the support of the Russian Soviet for the expansionism destinations of his in the other points of the globe. This policy of Germany is neither unparalleled in the imperialist politics of European powers, nor it can be accounted as a new option of the Nazi German politics. Because even many years back i.e. in 1936 one of the publications of German named Politics Magazine or Zeitschrift fur Politik besides the explanation of the efforts of the Middle East countries for the industrial and political advancement of their countries, requests from the European governments that a common method is introduced opposite these efforts in the Middle East. The aforesaid magazine writes that:
`` We should with complete clear-sightedness be cautious of what is happening in those territories. Everywhere the population is increasing and everybody wants to be formalized as a nation’. Each successful step towards the target, means the locality weakness of long suit and upper hand of Europe, and in the termination of the Middle East will be nestled as equal powers against one another. This issue that whether Europe could permanently at least save its locality is completely dependent on the equation that different nations’ rights in the Europe will be accessible and or that the Europe will be involved in an internal fight and will be shattered.’’

Footnotes:

- Ernst Freiherr Weizsacke (1882 – 1951) was the Secretary of State at the Foregin Office Germany between the years (1938 – 1943).
- This article as written when Hitler had not become the supreme power and with the crooked and sick politics of his was trying to break off the martial and political limitations, that were laid down in the agreement and pact for the prevention of German supremacy against that country.