The Holy Quran and the Issue of Distortion by the People of Book Especially Jews (3)

2. Features of Prophet Muhammad (PEACE BE UPON HIM) and his true followers in Torah and Bible:
In the last verse of Surah Victory there is also the talk of some characteristics of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and true followers of the Prophet (Victory: 29). In all of the aforementioned attributes in both the Torah and the Bible, or some other portion in the Torah and the Bible, there is disagreement among commentators. A number of Shiite and Sunni commentators following the first Quranic researchers believe that the attributes mentioned before the word "that", in the Torah, and likening it to "growing crops" had been in the Bible. In contrast, others following Mujahid believe that all the features mentioned in the verse are both in Torah and the Bible.
Still, there are others who believe that Torah and Bible include just the simile of growing crops. Anyway, it is understood from the verse that these features or at least a part of them had been included in the Torah and the Bible of the time of Prophet Muhammad (PEACE BE UPON HIM) in a way that prophet Muhammad (PEACE BE UPON HIM) when writing a letter for Jews to invite them to Islam refers to this verse.
In that latter the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) swears Jews and says: “By God, and by what was revealed unto you, didn’t you find anything in your book which says believe in Muhammad, and if you didn’t find it there is no blame on you; verily truth will be distinguished from falsehood. So I invite you to believe in God and his prophet”. As quoted from late Mofid, when Jews received the letter, came to their leader, Abdullah Ibn Salam, and asked him to read them the letter. After reading the letter, Abdullah Ibn Salam make them acknowledge that this prophet is the same prophet whose signs are mentioned in Torah. However, they didn’t believe in him.
The fourth category: verses indicating false teachings in the Bible
Allah the Almighty in some verse of Quran attributes some pagan beliefs and distortions to Jews and Christians and blames and criticizes them. These beliefs can somehow be found in the current Bible. Existence of such false contents is also another reason by which to prove that Bible has been distorted.
1. Ascribing children to God
Quran considers attributing the children to God a belief that is too bad and ugly which can lead to the disintegration of the heavens and cracking of the earth and crumbling of the mountains (Mary: 88-90). In addition, Jesus peace be upon him, never have been refusing to serve God (Women: 172) and knows himself innocent for any accusation as to forcing people to refer him as God (The Table Spread, 116). Based on clear text of some reports from Quran, Jews and Christians were wrongly believing that God has chosen for himself a son (The Cow: 116; Prophets: 26). Jews considered "Aziz" and Christians considered "Jesus" the Son of God (Repentance: 30).
Most commentators consider these verses in relation to some Jews and Christians’ false beliefs and opinions and the assignment of them to all Jews and Christians shows consent and agreement to them; finally, they have concluded that the Jews’ was void because it was nit after hearing this verse (Repentance: 30) they denied it. Above-mentioned commentators and other commentators have cited the argument of Quran in the rejection of the beliefs. Ibn Abbas and consequently the majority of commentators have said that the reason why Aziz-who was a scholars of the book- was chosen is that Jews due to not obeying the commands of Torah and after slaying prophets after Moses, faced much difficulties and in the order of God were forbidden from Torah and forgot it completely or after the event of Bokht Al-Nasr , the King of Bable, and the occupation of the Jewish land and burning of their books, Torah was completely destroyed there remained no one who keeps Torah safe and Aziz asked God with modesty to give Torah back to them.
After a hundred years by receiving training from Gabriel, he claimed that he knows the Torah by heart; that’s why Jews chose him as the Son of God. Some prominent commentators on the basis of the above verse and on the basis of the review and the implementation of some biblical scholars believe that this weak and false ideas and many of the teachings of the Bible, from the beliefs and superstitions Buddhist and Brahmin rituals, respectively.
2. The death of Jesus on the cross
Quran strongly rejects the Jewish belief of crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ by them and consider it to be caused by what happened to them (Women: 157-158). The principle of "crucifixion" at the end of the four Gospels has stated with contradictions and differences in principle and cause and is one of the common beliefs of the Book.
Muslim commentators have been focusing on the resolving of the conflicting reports of the Gospels and the Quran and the common false belief and conviction of Jews and Christians on the death of Jesus on the cross. For example they have stated that the Jews and the Christians without the knowledge of the truth of Christ's crucifixion, in the report of the victim and the crucifixion somebody like Jesus have consensus and for this reason this report is successive among them. However, this challenge and conflict due to revelatory nature of Quran and its immunity on the one hand, and writing of the gospels by human beings and serious doubts in its history and content, especially the existence of copious differences in gospels as to the truth of crucifixion and its reason, on the other hand and additionally the conflict of opinions among Christians about crucifixion and its denial in Barnabas gospel is resolvable.
Regarding the confirmation verse (such as verse 3 and 50 of the Family of ‘Imran and 46 and 48 of the Table Spread) in addition to verses relating to the use of book by the people of the book (The Family of ‘Imran, 23; Women, 44 and 51) and with a view on verses like 43 of surah the Table Spread which indicates that some divine orders in the Torah (therein are divine orders) the holy Quran confirms just a few parts of the current Torah and Gospels-which are the very Torah and Gospels of the time of the prophet Muhammad (PEACE BE UPON HIM). Again, due to the fact that Jews and Christians have distorted some parts of Torah and Bible (the Table Spread, 13-14) verses relating to this distortion in this paper (such as verses 13 and 14 of the Table Spread; verse 78 of the Family of ‘Imran; verse 46 of Women) refers to semantic and literal distortions of some parts of both books.
It is noteworthy that the Quran as a supplementary explanation about the acknowledgement of past heavenly books, has emphasized on it guardianship to prevent from the emergence of illusion of acknowledgment, without any manipulation. Commentators of the Quran consider Quran’s guardianship, though supplementary, to have nearly the same meaning. All that this means is that the Qur'an than in the previous books, dominant and pervasive and thus preserve the original teachings they signed and distorted recall and correction and the teachings of the special circumstances of time, place and audience has abrogated.
3. Discriminatory teachings which are incompatible with the spirit of divine religions
Jewish people according to some of the teachings of the Torah (Deuteronomy, 7; 2: 4) consider themselves God’s special people, just on the basis of discriminatory and racist orders that they have forged, as well as licensed magnets from non-Israelites and its sanctity themselves, the non-Jewish slave for Jews, the decree to kill all the men, women and children and Miss maintenance of the Israelites and short the Jewish people special people of God and other people should be brought under his domination. Thus, the Quran, their non-Jewish people's property unjustly seized, and it is a lie to God (The Family of ‘Imran: 75) and Torah attributed. Because based on the point of view of the Qur'an, the standard and value of all human beings with God, was only their virtue (The Private Apartments, 13); certainly valuation criteria in the teachings of the divine prophets has not been anything except this. Therefore, some scholars have considered the existence of such provisions in the Torah as a witness to distortions and forgery.
The fifth category: verses indicating the history of the prophets and the Jews and the Christians
Allah the Almighty has in many verses of the holy Qur'an reported important parts of the history of prophets like Abraham, Ishmael and Jesus peace be upon them and also reported historical events and religious of Jews and Christians, while these reports are not found in the current Bible. Of course, this does not have an explicit implication to distortion, but in a comprehensive look we cannot ignore this category of verse. In the following examples we mention some of these cases.
1. Leaving critical points of the life of Abraham whether the historical aspects like his migration to Mecca, building Kaba and developing Haj, and salvation from the fire of Namrud, or spiritual aspects like seeing the kingdom of God and receiving a heavenly book and more importantly his military aspects of his life like contention with the polytheists and other important issues relating to him which are mentioned in Quran and resembles to none of the hadiths of Jews and has never been mentioned in Torah and Bible; most of what Torah tells about Abraham, is the explanation of his personal life. The most obvious issue stressed by Torah is the promise of inheritance of Kanan land from Egypt to Euphrates to Abraham and his descendants-and according to Torah from the children of Isaac.
They tried to forget Ishmael and introduce Isaac as the successor and heir, and after him, Jacob and his sons and thus leadership of the Jewish people. The New Testament also remembered the promise of a slightly different kind. The most important and the most sacred temple of the Kaaba, the first building is a monotheistic four thousand years that no Islamic scholar and social scientist not doubt it. Most commentators believe that the Kaaba existed before Abraham and verse 127 of surah the Cow (when Abraham raised the foundations of the house and Ismael…) show that the foundations of the Kaaba have existed before Abraham and Abraham and Ishmael helped each other to rebuild it. Most commentators following early Quranic researchers, in reference to verses 125 to 127 of Surah the Cow, have attributed the building of the Kaaba to Adam and renewing it is attributed to Abraham.
However, the Respected House of Allah (Kaaba), at least from the time of Abraham onwards has been mentioned in history. But in the Bible that mention the prophets have not spared even the minor cases, the lack of this report .What especially iconoclasm and fight the pagans, the current in the Bible, especially given the widespread paganism among since the beginning of the Israelites out of Egypt for centuries after the establishment of the promised land and the introduction of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque in the Old Testament emphasized the Bible as the only land would be quite significant.
Allameh Tabatabai adapts the reports of Torah about Abraham on the implementation of his story in the Quran and writes: this story, according to the contradictions and conflicts in its report as well as the existence of inappropriate content to the placement of the prophet confirms Qur'an's claim about the distortion of the Torah; moreover, whether the scarification has been for Ishmael or Isaac, the preponderant opinion among Muslim scholars is that he has been Ishmael (PEACE BE UPON HIM). According to some, the exact text of Torah on victim: "take your only son that you much love him, Isaac and ..." (Genesis 22: 2) is contradictory and reflects the incorporation of Isaac in the text, because historically during the life of Abraham, Isaac has not been his only son and the clear wording of the "only son" must be sacrificed, while Isaac according to the Torah (Genesis, 16 and 17) he has been the second son and the younger brother of Ishmael and hence only son Ishmael, not Isaac matching, and distortion not realize this interpretation did not remove the only son Isaac added to it. People of the Book of the distorted incentives, earn points for themselves as the descendants of Isaac, the Arabs (descendants of Ishmael), respectively.
2. The holy Quran attributes miracles to Jesus Christ such a miraculous "fresh dates" for Mary after the birth of Jesus (Mary: 24-26), speaking of Jesus Christ (PEACE BE UPON HIM) in the cradle (The Family of 'Imran: 46; The Table Spread: 110 and Mary: 28-29) and livening of clay birds by his hands and with the power of God (The Family of 'Imran: 49; The Table Spread: 110) and Christians reject it claiming that if it was true that Jesus spoke in the cradle it would certainly be quoted in religious books frequently. Due to the revelatory nature of the Qur'an and its immunity from any distortion, and its historical authenticity of the fundamental uncertainties date and content of the Gospels, as well as writing different versions and translations and writing them by people other than prophets as well as the report of the miracles in the Gospels unreliable in terms of Christianity, likely to remove the report from the Gospel strengthens. While the above-mentioned cases cannot clearly indicates the distortion on its own, we can find other reasons and circumstances by which to prove the distortions made by people of the book.
Conclusion
1. Distortion, in any type in any word whether written or spoken, especially in the divine books and the Quran, is very bad and has consequences.
2. Regarding the Quranic application and cases mentioned in the Quran, distortions mentioned in the Quran have been both semantic and literal and there is not a convincing reason for using the word “distortion” just for the literal distortion; this has been the viewpoints of most commentators from the beginning of the Islam till now.
3. Verses addressing distortions concern the Testaments especially the current Torah and its distortions had been both literal and semantic.
4. The people of the book distorted their heavenly books in various ways: semantic distortion, false distortion, literal distortion including addition and deletion, transformation and dislocation, and distortion of the pronunciation of the words which is being referred to as oral distortion.
5. Deleting verses about resurrection, adding superstitious and false contents which is contradictory to the spirit of heavenly religions; changing the orders of God; changing or concealing features of prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the tidings of his prophet hood and characteristics of his followers were among the most important distortions people of the book especially Jewish scholars.