The development of Zionism

Chartist (political and diplomatic efforts)
Interval between the first Congress (1897 m.) and the Eighth Congress (1907.) of the Zionists includes the Zionist diplomacy first step in achieving to create a Jewish state on which vast diplomatic range of efforts were done for the Implementation of the Declaration wing Conference. In this period that the quest for a legal license (charter) from the Ottoman Sultan was limited to establish a Jewish state in Palestine, is known as "charter time" and the proponents of it are called "Chartist". Declaration of the Wing Congress, which was composed of an introduction and four parts, declared the establishment of a Jewish state as the aim of Zionism in Palestine. Before holding the Wing Conference several political activities took place for convincing the Ottoman Sultan for the immigration of Jews to Palestine as the necessary conditions for the establishment of the Jewish state, including:
A) A group of lovers of Zion asked Ottoman government in 1881 to allow Jewish immigration to Palestine.
B) Lavrash Auli Fant, the English Zionist, in 1882 through America's ambassador in the Ottoman.
C) Sir Samuel Montagu, English Zionist capitalist in 1893 sent an application to the Sultan signed by executives and branch secretaries of the Lovers of Zion.
D) Also, Herzl and some other English leaders of Zionism such as Israel Zanguil, Herbert Bennett Wich traveled to the capital of the Ottoman and raised Zionists' demands in 1896, but Sultan Abdul Hamid rejected all the demands.
After failure of Herzl and other Zionist leaders' measures that in attracting the favor of the king, they tried to achieve practical support of Western governments by their diplomatic efforts. These efforts were not useful, too, and although, Zionists could make a relationship with Western governments but failed to convince the Ottoman sultan, hence, the idea of emigrating to a place rather than Palestine or Zionism without Zion was raised. However, three years after Herzl's death (= 1907), diplomatic efforts continued to establish a Jewish state. Not long after Herzl's death, Haim Weizmann was chosen for leader of the Zionist Organization. He did a lot of efforts to appeal Britain and America's attention to achieve the objectives of Zionism; he moved to London in 1904 to continue living, in where he made great relations with politicians and journalists of varied parties for example he befriended Lord Belfour, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and linked with a number of English ministers through Oskut, head of the editorial board of the newspaper Manchester Guardian.
Pragmatists
The second phase of Zionist diplomacy started from 1907 and finished in 1914. New Diplomacy contained practical measures to achieve the Zionist goal so that the former idea was substituted with gradual influence and penetration and a practice without permission in Palestine, with the aim of seizing the economic life as the most important way for full colonization. Such a development would mean the end of Chartists' life led by Herzl and his followers and start of political life of pragmatists led by people like Haim Wiseman. The most important programs of pragmatic Zionists was adoption and implementation of a step-by-step manner to increase the immigration of Jews to Palestine and providing them housing conditions and ultimately interconnected Jewish villages and dispossession and expulsion of Arabs from their land and home. It was while since 1908 a way to run this group over the last map was provided because firstly, Abdul Hamid was deposed by the Young Turks; Secondly, the Young Turk took over running the country by revolution while they did not show sensitivity to Zionist expansionism, but also they started to increase cooperation with them; thirdly, the expansion of racist policies of Pan Turkism accelerated the development of Ottoman Arab discontent and loss of legitimacy of the Ottoman empire among them. That such a situation created an appropriate situation to apply Zionism plans.
Arabic and Turkish nationalism
Another area of the formation of Israel was breaking of the Arabs and Turks' unity that is the result of their increased emphasis on Arabic and Turkish nationalism. Of course, the detrimental impact of Arabic nationalism was more than Turkish nationalism because the Turks, despite much insistence on the development of Turkish nationalism components were interested to maintain the integrity of the empire. But their attempts to impose their Turkish culture and language, execution of some of the leaders of the Arab nationalist movements, their inability to defend the territorial integrity and Arab territories and also tendency to pre-Islamic institutions, strengthened the idea of complete separation of Ottoman in the Arabs' minds. Moreover, the Turks and the Arabs saw them in need for financial and political supports of Zionists and the English people to defeat their competitor. This issue intensified the growing conflict emerged between Arabs and Turks and had made them unable; a conflict that provided situation for breach and abuse of Zionists and their supporters.
World War I (1914-1919M.)
The First World War was a golden opportunity for the Zionist movement since the Ottoman Empire, the most important obstacle to the establishment of the Jewish state, collapsed. In contrast, England more passionate than ever began supporting the aspirations of the Zionist movement. The Jewish state of Israel was established in Palestine by the British after World War I, and after World War II, the state of Israel was stabilized by America. The War was booty for Jews and was a distracted sleep and loss to England, because the fire of war included Europe and Africa and the two fronts were burnt against each other; on the one hand side of the Axis (Germany, Austria, the Ottoman state [Turkey], Greece and Bulgaria) and on the other side of the Allies (Britain, France, Russia and Italy) also entered the war against Austria. In Asia, Japan had also declared war on Germany. England needed the presence of America in such harsh conditions in the war to bolster its front. America's policy was in the hands of the Jews. Jews had been waiting for such moments; they could take advantage of this opportunity in the best way; Jews were committed by England to enter America into the war against formation of Jewish state in Palestine. By the pressure of the Jews and England, eventually president of America (Wilson) declared war against Germany on April 1917. Due to the late presence of America in the war and the erosion of morale of enemy soldiers, America did not tolerate any harm. Finally, on June 28, 1919 the World War I ended. During the war with Ottoman Government, which was in alliance with Germany, faced the weakening of Germany and inability of Ottoman statesmen and large parts of the Muslim world was dominated by Allies. In the first phase, the Ottoman state was destroyed and divided to small countries (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine). Syria and Lebanon were under control of France, amd Palestine and Trans-Jordan and Iraq were under the control of British forces.
Balfour Promise (license)
One year before the breakdown of the Ottoman State, Jews put pressure on England for the immediate approval of a letter for a Jewish state in Palestine. Eventually, England asked doctor Haim Wiseman (Zionist leader) to write the approval letter, and he accepted it, and then after the final approval of Wilson (President of America) and Arzherjis Balfour (British Foreign Secretary) approval letter was signed by Balfour on November 2, 1917, and he handed it to the Jewish "Rothschild" who was the richest man in the world in that time. Muslims and Arabs were informed of the provisions of this Treaty after two years, and to prevent excitatory and provoking feelings of Arabs and the Ottoman government, the establishment of a Jewish state was not stipulated in the Treaty. Balfour admitted that the Palestinian becomes "National Association of Jews". Each year a small number of Jews were allowed to emigrate there; slowly the number of Jewish immigrants to Palestine was increased, and the Palestinian territories were occupied, and conflicts and clashes began between Palestinian residents and Jewish settlers.
Motivation of Belfort promise
In a note (SARS 1915m.) from Herbert Samuel, five scenarios are expressed for the future of Palestine after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The fourth and fifth scenarios in this memo are more important. The fifth scenario is the only one likely to be realized. The scenario seems to contain the real motivations of issuance of the Balfour promise:
1. Mandate over Palestine will ensure Egypt immunity (Conservation of Great Britain which was one of Egypt's main pillars at that time.).
2. Great Britain's mandate over Palestine will be welcomed by local residents. So dealing Jews can be prevented.
3. Jewish organizations, under the rule of Great Britain will enjoy facilities such as the purchase of land, establishment of settlements, and the establishment of religious, educational and economic institutions in development of the country. Jewish immigration issue will find such a position that the Jews will turn into the majority of the inhabitants of the country. (Strengthening the foundations of Zionist settlements).
4. Acquire of this action is that Jews around the world are grateful to Great Britain.
5. After the independence of the Jews in their particular state, the government will be part of the West civilization and will defend its interests
6. For this purpose, there was a small obstacle that seemed to be less important. Palestine was not non-residential empty land and was center of the lives of others. This forgiveness and generous act of England would have led to disadvantage of people who were already living in Palestine. As a result, Arabs, non-Arabs, Muslims, Christians and practically all those who were not Jews protested to the statement strongly.