Saqlyn Hadith

What Mosalam has narrated about Ghadir Khom in the book '' Sahih'' is this sentence: the messenger of God bade '' I leave among you the most two pernicious things as memento. One of them is God's book (Quran) that he has recommended about it and then bade '' do not forget my Etrat and dynasty'', but Bokhari has not narrated it.
Termezi has added that messenger of God bade '' these (the Quran and the dynasty) never separate from each other until they join together beside the Kosar pool''.
Some of Hadith guardians have considered this part unnecessary and have not believed them and they have said'' what is understood from this Hadith is that all of Etrat (Bani Hashem) do not congregate to go astray.
Some of the Sunni scientists have answered in this way such as Ghazi Abu Yala.
In the narration of Mosalam, if the messenger of God has bade something, he just would have recommended to obey the book of God (Quran) and he had also recommended it in Hajj al-Veda. However, there is no order about following Etrat and just it has been recommended to perform their right and not to tyrannize them which had already been recommended.
Hence, it was not said about Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and about Imamate of the prophet's family and so forth.
In this doubt, there is the thoughtful view of the champion with the thinking ideals of the Shiite and the prophet's family along with doubtful point of view toward the Hadith that is one of the most valuable remarks of the prophet ( peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) of the Islam. Excellency Ebn Teimie says
والحديث الذي في مسلم إذا كان النبي * قد قاله فليس فيه إلا الوصية باتباع كتاب الله
Therefore, not only does he accept the order of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) about his family, but he also makes doubt in the narrations of other people even if their narrations be firm.
Hence, we will deal with the main explanation of the story and the main remarks of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and the interpretation and the explanation of words available in this Hadith in this answer.
:detailed answer
The first talk: the meaning of ''the Sakhalin Hadith''
A-Terminologically
This Hadith is well-known as '' Sakhalin Hadith'' and Sakhalin is duality of Saghal'' and the word '' Saghal'' terminologically means what a passenger carries. Some of the Mohaddessin and the specialists of terminology.
Ebn Manzur has written about this case
سميا ثقلين لأن الأخذ بهما ثقيل والعمل بهما ثقيل ، قال : وأصل الثقل أن العرب تقول لكل شيء نفيس خطير مصون ثقل ، فسماهما ثقلين إعظاما لقدرهما وتفخيما لشأنهما.
The book of God (Quran) and Etrat have been called Saqlyn because resorting to these and acting them are great responsibilities and on the other hand, Arabic people say Saghal whatever is precious, important and kept; therefore, addressing the book of God and Etrat Saghal is due to the high rank of their position and keeping their degree.
Preference of the first record to the second record is the proportion of the first record (Sa) is better and more suitable in conditions that the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) has said, because if a passenger migrates from a city to the other city and she/ he never wants to come back to his/ her origin place, she/ he will take all of his/her furniture and since moving furniture was done hardly , it was impossible to move furniture from one place to another place; therefore, when people wanted to migrate, they moved the most expensive and precious furniture from their own properties.
The prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) bade at the introduction of Saqlyn Hadith.
I have been invited and I have accepted it''. In addition, according to some narrations, he bade '' I will be invited and I will accept it''. Hazrat Muhammad informed that his decease and the travel of the afterlife were approaching and according to this news, he bade
«وإنّي تاركٌ»
Hazrat Muhammad (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendant) should have taken the most beloved and precious things since this travel was too important. However, he remained the most precious things that were too important during his successful life among people because he had a lot of favors and kinds toward the nation and he was too avid to keep the religion and the tradition. Then he recommended the nation to cherish them and not to get away from them because their bliss was dependant on resorting to these precious things that Hazrat Muhammad (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) remained them because of his special favor to the nation.
B. idiomatically
Words such as '' getting'', '' resorting'' and '' Etesami'' represent obeying and absolute following. Definitely the content of the Hadith is about Imamate and caliphate and there is no question that there is an undeniable dependence between absolute obeying and between Imamate and caliphate.
Referring to the remarks of the explicators of the '' Sakhalin Hadith'' from the Sunni notables, such as: Monavi in the book '' Sharh Jame Saghir'', Molla Ala Ghari in the book '' Sharh Shaka'', and also books ''Nasin Alrriyaz'', '' Sharh al-Mavaheb Alleddenyye'' , '' al-Seraj al-Monir Fi Sharh al-Jame al-Saghir'', ''al-Savaegh al-Mahraghe'' and '' Javaher al-Aghdin'' prove the truth more clearly. The contents of the Saqlyn Hadith include: encouraging, forcing and provoking the entire nation to obey behaviors, actions and narrations of the prophetic dynasty (peace be upon them) and considering the way of their lives as reason in all of religion and world matters and what is useful in running individual and social life of human and briefly, we should follow the way of their lives in all matters of the life. For example, the remark of Manavi in this case is said
Every one that likes that God delays his or her death and keep him or her from evil deeds should respect me in my dynasty in the best and the most virtuous way and if someone does not behave them in the most virtuous way, his or her life span will shorten and he or she will come to me with black face in the doomsday''.
The second talk: analyzing doubts
The Saqlyn Hadith has not said by many narrators
Ebn Teimie has suspected about the Saqlylin Hadith that has been narrated by many narrators and he has made some doubts about it and has objected to it and has said
What Mosalam has said in the book '' Sahih'' is this sentence that the messenger of God (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) bade'' I leave two precious mementos among you; one of them is the book of God which has been recommended'' and then he bade '' do not forget my Etrat and my dynasty''. But Bokhari has not narrated it.
Termezi added to the narration which the prophet bade
These (Quran and my dynasty) never separate until they come to me beside the Kosar pool''.
Some of the Hadith guardians have considered this part of the narration unnecessary, have not believed in that and they have said'' what can be understood is that all of Etrat (Bani Hashem) do not agree with astray and deviation.
Some Sunnis have answered in this way, such as Ghazi Abu Yala.
According to the narration of Mosalam, if the messenger of God has said more, it would have definitely been recommendation in relation to obeying the book of God which was recommended in Haje al-Veda, but there is no order about obeying Etrat and it has been only recommended to fulfill our rights and no to tyrannize them which has already been recommended.
Hence, it has not been discussed about Imam Ali, Imamate of Ahle Beit and so forth.
Ahmad Ben Abd al-Halim Ben Teimie al-Harani Abu al-Abbas (died in 728); Menhaj al-Sane al-Nabavie (volume 7/ page 318); publication house: Ghartabe institute-1406; al-Tabe: al-Ola; researcher: D. Muhammad Resha
Survey and criticism
Mosalam Ben Hojaj Neisaburi (died in 260-261 A.D).1
He has narrated the Saqlyn Hadith in the book '' Sahih'' and he has confirmed its validity. You already got familiar with the narration of Zeid Ben Argham in this area.
حدثني زُهَيْرُ بن حَرْبٍ وَشُجَاعُ بن مَخْلَدٍ جميعا عن بن عُلَيَّةَ قال زُهَيْرٌ حدثنا إسماعيل بن إبراهيم حدثني أبو حَيَّانَ حدثني يَزِيدُ بن حَيَّانَ قال انْطَلَقْتُ أنا وَحُصَيْنُ بن سَبْرَةَ وَعُمَرُ بن مُسْلِمٍ إلى زَيْدِ بن أَرْقَمَ فلما جَلَسْنَا إليه قال له حُصَيْنٌ لقد لَقِيتَ يا زَيْدُ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا رَأَيْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ * وَسَمِعْتَ حَدِيثَهُ وَغَزَوْتَ معه وَصَلَّيْتَ خَلْفَهُ لقد لَقِيتَ يا زَيْدُ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا حَدِّثْنَا يا زَيْدُ ما سَمِعْتَ من رسول اللَّهِ * قال يا بن أَخِي والله لقد كَبِرَتْ سِنِّي وَقَدُمَ عَهْدِي وَنَسِيتُ بَعْضَ الذي كنت أَعِي من رسول اللَّهِ  فما حَدَّثْتُكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا وما لَا فلا تُكَلِّفُونِيهِ ثُمَّ قال قام رسوليَوْمًا فِينَا خَطِيبًا بِمَاءٍ يُدْعَى خُمًّا بين مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عليه وَوَعَظَ وَذَكَّرَ ثُمَّ قال أَمَّا بَعْدُ ألا أَيُّهَا الناس فَإِنَّمَا أنا بَشَرٌ يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رسول رَبِّي فَأُجِيبَ وأنا تَارِكٌ فِيكُمْ ثَقَلَيْنِ أَوَّلُهُمَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ فيه الْهُدَى وَالنُّورُ فَخُذُوا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَاسْتَمْسِكُوا بِهِ فَحَثَّ على كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَرَغَّبَ فيه ثُمَّ قال وَأَهْلُ بَيْتِي أُذَكِّرُكُمْ اللَّهَ في أَهْلِ بَيْتِي أُذَكِّرُكُمْ اللَّهَ في أَهْلِ بَيْتِي أُذَكِّرُكُمْ اللَّهَ في أَهْلِ بَيْتِي فقال له حُصَيْنٌ وَمَنْ أَهْلُ بَيْتِهِ يا زَيْدُ أَلَيْسَ نِسَاؤُهُ من أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ قال نِسَاؤُهُ من أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَلَكِنْ أَهْلُ بَيْتِهِ من حُرِمَ الصَّدَقَةَ بَعْدَهُ قال وَمَنْ هُمْ قال هُمْ آلُ عَلِيٍّ وَآلُ عَقِيلٍ وَآلُ جَعْفَرٍ وَآلُ عَبَّاسٍ قال كُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ حُرِمَ الصَّدَقَةَ قال نعم
Yazid Ben Hayan says '' we met Zid Ben Argham with Hosin Ben Sabre and Omar Ben Moslem and after we sat beside him, Hosin said '' O' Zeid! You have benefited from a lot of favors. You have seen the prophet, have heard his Hadith and have taken part in the jihad with him. Tell us some remarks that you have heard from the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants). Zeid said '' O' the child of my brother! I swear God that I have got old and I swore allegiance with him many times ago; therefore, I cannot remember whatever I heard from him. Hence, accept whatever I say from the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) and do not make me say whatever I do not say. Then he said '' one day, the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) sermonized among us. Khom was recited when we were in a place between Mecca and Medina. First, he thanked God and he sermonized. Then he said ''O' people! Know that I am human like you and messenger of God will come soon and we I will accept his invitation. I have left two precious things; one of them is the book of God (Quran) that is luminous and leads people. Hold the book of God in their hands firmly and do not lose it. Then, he recommended about it a lot and encouraged us to recite it and follow its orders. Afterwards, he bade '' my family. Remember God about my family (he said this sentence three times). Hosin asked Zeid ''who are the family of the prophet? Aren't his wives his family? He said '' his wives are his household members, but the family of the prophet (peace of Allah be upon him and his descendants) are persons that giving alms to them is prohibited after the decease of the prophet''. Hosin said '' who are they?'' He said ''Ale Ali, Ale Aghil, Ale Jafar and Ale Abbas''. Hosin said '' is giving alms to them prohibited?'' Zeid said ''yes''. Mosalam has narrated from Zeid Ben Argham in another document. He was asked '' are the wives of the prophet his family?'' he said ''no, I swear God that a woman lives with her husband for a while, he divorces her and then she comes back her parents. His family is his origin and group and it is prohibited to give alms to them''.