Effective methods in collapse of Ottoman Empire

international tensions have been achieved as a result of massive exploit between the existing rule at the international level, and permanent and temporary war, peace and cooperation due to the determination of power relationship between states form the basic structure of international system.
In this regard, recognizing structures and challenging regional and global alignment are among the primary need for practical and strategy decision-makers and drafters for each country.
On the other hand, the rapidly changing nature of global security and political developments and emergence of infrastructure phenomena and industry and technological growth on the basis of principle science that are the features of the past two centuries, have been made used tools in the wars and information-security competition become more complex and are reliable.
Following this agreement, destructive power and influence of tools and implements improved morale of war and security among the political entities and the temptation of conflict, invasion and occupation as a paradigm governing international environment, have created new categories in the form of treaties and regional and global unions.
However, if we call the 17th century as start of change in the structures of the international community, certainly the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, depicted a new type of relations between nation-states on the international stage, which was a start on the new world communications and interactions.
Undeniable model of nation-states based on the popular vote was something that after this date challenged rule-based models and totalitarian.
From this time onwards diversity, multiplicity and intensity of the interactions between the international stage created new categories and blocks based on national interests of governments, all of which had military-security nature and approach.
Competition for permanent interests by national units had preparations for the rise and fall of governments in Europe. The presence of Thirty Years War between European Christians (1618-1648 M) the substitution wars of "Spain" (1701-1713M), the Seven Years War of "French" and "English" (1756-1763), and the bloody wars of Napoleon, were in Indeed the beginning of establishing the balance of power and making the world multi-polar or bipolar.
But since 1815, after the Congress of Vienna, the international security system in order to eliminate or weaken the rival powers in the form of indirect action strategies were intensified, and in the meantime, the great Ottoman Empire was exposed to the attacks.
Competition in the economic, ideological, political, geographic, demographic and even population areas caused a different doctrine including offensive, defensive and balance be used on the agenda of European sovereign states on the one hand, and on the other hand, be used by the Ottoman government.
The military methods gradually led costs that made governments prefer negotiation and diplomacy to war and aggression, but this did not prevent the opportunity for covert actions and overthrowing the opposing countries, especially the Ottoman government seem ineffective. During time, noticing these measures and designing hidden activities became more.
But none of these methods and strategies solely did not lead to defeat or weakening of the Ottoman Empire, because the social spirit of the Ottoman society prevented from influencing any of the hardware or the software approaches.
Presence of a mass army backed by ideological and jihad principles under the command of the sultan or caliph of charisma failed any attack or hardware operations against the empire over almost five centuries.
Therefore, in order to limit and weaken and overthrow the Ottoman government, a combination of political, security and economic doctrines as software and hardware were executed by top European powers led by international Zionism over time.
Since in this paper, we do not tend autopsy of procedures and tactical approaches and subversive plans, so we just analyze brevity strategies points to become familiar with effective methods that were applied in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire by the international Zionism which are as follows:
1. Direct war
War involves a wide range of disputes and the outcome of a crisis. Numerous conflicts between two or more sovereignty in order to gain interests will give preparations to fundamental challenges and crisis for the countries, and as a result will lead directly to war.
Accepting the risk of failure or victory due to war is start of war to decide against aggressive or defensive stance of the enemy, although in the present century, the paradigm of war as the first option and optimal tools are used less than past.
But studies indicate that continental powers due to the superiority of their position by creating a negative discourse, and making the pattern of offensive realism as a priority of its foreign policy in order to achieve their desired benefits of war as a guaranteed strategy, usually do the most of taking advantage.
On the other hand, regional powers for providing benefits and protection of their environment security by adopting a model of defensive realism has always sought to create a balance of power and the development of regional alliances and coalitions. Trying to prevent increase of continental power as a potential threat to regional powers and even particle powers is considered their main strategy and even sometimes they are forced to select war for survival as their main options.
Meanwhile the Ottoman Empire during a few centuries as a continental superpower had always used fighting for providing their interests, relying on the great Islamic army though sometimes longer-term strategic objectives were sacrificed for small interests.
On the other hand, regional powers in Europe applied necessary measures and strengthened the foundations of their authority so that beside the development of regional coalitions and alliances, gradually were out of the defensive policy and by understanding certain political conditions took advantage of war as an instrument for and suppress of "Ottoman" army.
Even in this situation, combat and aggressive policies prevailed economic diplomacy and cultural interactions of the Ottoman government and led to tactical error of decision-makers and leaders in the Supreme Court.
As the depreciation and accumulation of capital in war subject prevented economic growth in other areas and gradually economic pressure made by the consequences of war created social unrest. In general, the difference between the basic strategies and inability to synthesize and integrate these policies led to arms race and prefer of a military behaviors and loss of opportunities in other areas. Environmental and social conditions of Ottoman Empire at the end of the 19th century gradually provided the favorable opportunity for pre-emptive wars against the Ottoman Empire for the West and the international Zionism movement.
2. Intervention
Effective measures to change political rule in a country or to help stabilize of a government against the insurgency, subversion and military attacks of other groups and countries are the aims of the intervention directly or indirectly.
The intervention could also be done by paramilitary groups to help protect the homeland or undemocratic regimes and totalitarian by the other partners.
Typically, intervention is done after providing necessary crisis situation, so that it can even cause approval or disapproval of other actors.
Direct or indirect intervention, whether civilian or military, covert or overt are generally done in order to hasten the overthrow or helping anti-subversion force in friend country or ally with regard to the principle of surprise. Today, due to the existence of numerous legal and regulatory international organizations all over the world, intervention should across complex processes in the world, but historical analysis shows that the threat of intervention by European countries to stimulate the trend of Zionism in the name of protection of minorities or specific ethnic groups against the Ottoman empire as a lever to limit the exercise of power happened several times over time.
3. Guerrilla war
Violence as the main axis of action sometimes reveals his face as guerrilla war.
This method has been used by subversive forces since early nineteenth century as a means to undermine and destroy the power of sovereignty.
Perhaps we can say that reason for its prosperity was abundant production of small and inexpensive firearms, such as mines, machine guns, grenades and varied automatic guns with destructive power in the early nineteenth century that made it possible to exploit these weapons for the political opposition and political trends in surprise attacks, ambushes, and assassinations. . . .
Widespread use of these tools in the past two centuries increased bargaining power of the opposition parties are opposed groups, so that irregular guerrilla warfare and operations have been able to surrender o weaken regular armies.
Although guerrilla war with military nature found revolutionary and ideological flavor by the leading leftist figures, such as Mao, Che Guevara and Tito, in the past decades it has been as a main strategy to fight and overthrow the rules in question of the designers and organizers of the overthrown operation.
K.G. Halsty says:
"The main political strategy of the guerrilla war is to gain practical control over the larger part of the civilian population while at the same time the removal of people from a regime that is in power. Military objective of guerrilla battles is gradual eroding of government forces to the extent that these forces gather in large cities and free rebels to control over rural areas. A guerrilla force can be compared with an iceberg. What an observer sees is a small group of guerrilla fighters in all the time that are constantly harass government forces and drive them from rural areas."
Therefore, guerrilla war in terms of the region of act has different dimensions and approaches in rural, urban, suburban, forest and mountainous environments. As in urban areas, most guerrilla activities monitoring operations such as: the destruction of government agencies, financial theft of state resources, ambush against loyal forces to the sovereignty, structuring for de-security by purpose of stripping the confidence of the police and security forces, and finally erosion of forces behind the country's political regime.
However, in rural and marginal areas, the major activities will lead to operation support, training and promotion, secrecy and settlement of close relatives of guerrilla forces.
Hidden and guerrilla activities of Young Turks Association initially in the European and Asian sectors and finally in the capital of the Ottoman Empire can be considered among the guerrilla activities.