The importance of Jerusalem to Jews, Christians and Muslims

Glory to God that moved his creature nighttime from the Sacred Mosque to the Aqsa Mosque which is blessed around it...
... And they pray to God to a city that you have chosen and the house which I have built for your name (Bible, Kings I book, Chapter VIII, 44)
Jerusalem and the holy land of Palestine has high status to the followers of three great faiths: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The remains of the great prophets in the city explain its spiritual placement. "Wailing Wall", "The Church of the Holy grave" or "Church of the Resurrection" are of the holy places of Jews and Christians. Rock located under the "Dome of the Rock" is sacred and masters of all three religions, and "al-Aqsa" Mouse had a special sanctity for Muslims due to the Ascension of the Prophet (Peace be upon him). The mosque was also a Mecca for Muslims for a while.
The importance and sanctity of Jerusalem to Muslims is especially evident in their behavior when opening the city. On the eve of the conquest of Palestine, the second Caliph, Umar, deposed extremist commander of Muslims, Khalid ibn al-Walid, and appointed Abu Obeida in his place who was more moderate. After arriving to Jordan he suggested in a letter to the Romans that either convert to Islam or pay tribute to them; otherwise they shall be ready to fight. He also noted in his letter that more than interest of Christians in life, drinking and eating pork, Muslims are interested to death.
Romans chose the third option and were ready to fight. Abu Obeida also sieged the city. It lasted a year and four months, and Romans surrendered due to hunger, but subjected the surrender of the city to arrival of the Caliph.
Abu Obeida also reported the issue in a letter to the Caliph and assured him that there is no deception by the Romans. Khalifa, who had not gone out of the medina until then, questioned in doing so. After consulting the elders of Medina he was finally ready to depart for Jerusalem, and after talks, he wrote a letter to residents, as follows:
In the name of God. This is a letter that the servant of Allah, Omar, Faithful Commander, has given to the people of Jerusalem. He let their lives, property and churches and crosses and other people who are healthy or sick to be safe. No one will reside in their churches and will not destroy it and nothing will be reduced of their things and crosses and their property. They do not have to leave their religion, and there would be no harm to none of them, and no Jew will be settled with them in Jerusalem; And Aylya people have to continue to pay the taxes that people in the other cities pay, too, and it is their task to take the Romans and thieves out of the city. Everyone who comes out of Jerusalem will be in a safe place until he gets to a safe place. Anyone who actually stays in the city is safe, and he has to pay tribute of people of Jerusalem. Every one of Ilya people who wants to go with the Romans, provided that their praying place and monasteries are empty, they are safe in their life and cross to reach a safe place. Landowners who were in Jerusalem before killing the person [?], if they want to stay there, that's for them to pay taxes like the jizya of people of Jerusalem, and whoever wants to can go with the Romans and to harvest and harvesting, nothing will be taken from them. On what was written in the letter is Testament and the Book of Allah and the Prophet and obligation of Caliphs and believers, provided that they pay taxes that have been imposed upon them.
On this issue, Khalid bin Walid, Amr ibn Al-Aas, Abdur Rahman bin Awf and Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan are witnesses, and the treaty was written and prepared in the fifteenth year.
While in Jerusalem, old and simple clothes of Khalifa impressed Christians who had the idea of an empire. Caliph saw the town and all the sacred places of the city by guidance of "Sofronius" priest of town and before everything, he met Ascension of the Prophet (Peace be upon him). The behavior and speech of Omar should be compared, especially since it was quoted the behavior with the Crusaders while conquering the city. Since then, that Jerusalem was captured by Muslims, both before and after the Crusades, besides preserving and protecting sites belonging to other religions, rulers and rich people, each according to their own prosperity started building magnificent mosques in that city; here only the list of the locations and their sponsors will be mentioned.

a. Works surviving from the Ayubi era (564 - 650 AH / 1169 AD- 1252)
1. Zavieh Khasineh of Saladin.
2. Ma al-Orub of Malek al-Adel.
3. Omari Jaame- Malek al-Afzal Nur al-Din, Abul Hasan Ali bin Salah al-Din.
4 Meymunyeh school- Amyr fars al-Din.
5 Qobah al-Meraj- Amyr az –aldyn Abu Omar and Osman al- zanjaly.
6 Solomon Dome of the seventh century buildings.
7 Jarrahiyyah Zavieh- Amir Hessam al-Din Issa al-Jarahi.
8 Nasiriyah school, the school was called Ghazaliyah earlier in the year 610 AH, al-Malek al-Muazam, Isa ibn Ahmad ibn Ayyub restored it.
9 Zavieh of Darka- Malek al-Muzaffar Shihab al-Din Ghazi
10 Turbeh of King Hesamuddin Berkeh Khan- of monuments of year 644
11 Hindus Zavieh- of the seventh century buildings.
12 buildings of King Jesus Ibn Malek al-Adel consists of Dome of Nahvyeh, Sabil Mashalan, school of Moazamyeh

B. Works surviving from the days of the Mamluks, Armada (650 - 784 AH / 1253- 1383 AD).
1. Inn of Aladdin Basir- Amir Aladdin Aydaghady bin Abdullah al-Salehi al-Najmi.
2. Dar al-Hadith- Amir Sharaf al-Din Isa ibn Badr Al-Din Abu al-Qasim Alhakary.
3. Inn of Mansuri- Sultan al-Mulk al-Mansur Qalawun al-Salehi.
4. Kabkyeh Zavieh - Amir Alaeddin Aydaghady bin Abdullah Kabki.
5. Inn of Kurd- headquarters of Kurdish Al-Seif's.
6. Davadaryeh school- Amir Elm- Din Abu Musa Sanjar Abdullah Al-dvadar al-Salehi al-Najmi.
7 Ohadieh school- Almalek al-Ahd Al-vahd Najm al-Din Yusuf ibn Al-Malek al-Nasser Salah al-Din Dawud ibn al-Mulk Muazam Jesus.
8 Islamieh school- Khwaja Majd al-Din Abu'l-Fida Ismail Islami.
9 Zavaya Al-magharebeh- Sheikh Omar bin Abdul Nabi al-Maghrebi Al-masmudy al- mojarad
10. Turbeh of Jaleqyeh (known as Daralkhald)- Rukn al-Din Baybars bin Abdullah al-Salehi al-Najmi.
11. Jameh Holy castle or fortress of Jerusalem Mosque - al-Mulk al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun.
12. arcades od al-Aqsa Mosque- al-Mulk al-Nasser Mohammad bin Qalawun.
13. Sadia's Turbeh- Amir Sa'din Masoud ibn Badr Sonqor Abdullah Al-Roumi
14. Karimieh school - Krymyh al-din abdul-Karim ibn al-Moallem Habba Lellah bin Makanes.
15. Javolyeh school - Amir Alam Din Sanjar Aljavoly.
16. Tankzieh school - Amir Tankiz al-Nasseri.
17. Amynyeh school- al-Sahib Aminuddin Abdullah.
18. Fakhreiya monastery- judge Fakhruddin Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Fadlallah.
19. Malchijah school - Haj Al Malek alju Kandar.
20. Mehmazyh zavieh- Sheikh Kamal al-Almehmazy.
21. Turkan Khatun Turbeh-Turkan Khatun bint Toqtbay Ben Saljuqatay Uzbeki.
22. Kylanyeh Turbeh - Haj Jamal al-Din Bohlavy ibn Amir Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Kilani.
23. Farsyeh school - Amir Farsodin albaki al-Amir Qatlu Malek Ben Abdullah.
24. Arghavanyeh school and Turbeh - Amir Arḡūn al-Kamil.
25. Mohammedia Zavieh- Mohammad bek Zakaria al-Nasseri.
26. Tavashyeh zavieh- Sheikh Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Jalaluddin Arab Fakhruddin Ahmed.
27. Tashtamryeh school - Amir Tashtamr of princes of Qalawun.
28- Manjakyeh school - Amir Manjak of the princes of Qalawun.
29- Tazieh school - Amir Saifuddin Tazebn Qatfaj.
30- Sheykhunieh school - Amir Saifuddin Qotbashan.
31- Daralqoran Islamiyah - Sirajuddin Umar ibn Abi Bakr al-Qasim al-Salami.
32- Mohadesyeh school - Izz al-Din Abu Muhammad abd al-azyz al-ajmy Al-ardabyly.
33- Mardini ligaments - two women released from the Mamluk of al-Mulk al Saleh.
34- Sardieh School - Majd al-Din Abdul Ghani bin Saif al-din Abu Bakr Joseph al-asardy.
35- Loloyeh School- Amir Lolo Ghazi Atiq-ul-Mulk Al-Ashraf Shaban Ben Hussein.
36- Baladieh school- Amir Mankaly Bagha al-ahmdy.
37- Khatunieh school – Oghal Khatun bint Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Saif al-Din Al-qazanyh al-Baghdadia.
38- Tshatmoryeh school and Turbeh- Amir Saifuddin Tashtmory Allayi.
39- Adhamiya zavieh- Amir Mandjak.
40 -Barudyeh school - Aalset Alhajeh Safari Khatun bint Sharaf al-Din Abi Bakr ibn Mahmoud, known as Baroudi.
41- Mazaneh Bab Asbat- Al-Seifi (Qotlu Bgha).
42- Bstamyeh zavieh- Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalil bin Ali Al-asdabady Bastami
43- Azraq zavieh- Sheikh Ibrahim Al-azraq.
44- Loloeeyeh zavieh- Badr Al-Din Lulu Ghazi.
45- Haneblyeh School - Amir Bydmor
46- Jaharkasieh school - Amir Jaharkas al-Khalili, Mir Akhur al-Malek al-Zaher Barqugh.

C. Works surviving from the days of the Borjyeh Mamluk government (784 - 922 AH / 1382 - 1516 AD).
1- Khan Sultan (Al-Vakaleh): al-malek al-Zaher Abu Saeed Barqugh.
2- Qormyeh zavieh: Shamsuddin Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ahmad Alqormy.
3-Pulpit of Burhanuddin: Burhanuddin bin Jamaeh.
4- Turbeh Aalset Tansoq Mozaffariyeh (today it is known as Islamiyah orphanages): Aalset Tansoq bint Abdullah Al-mozafaryeh.
5-Vafaeeiedh zavie.
6- Sheikh Yaqub al-Ajami Zavieh.
7- Sabybyeh school: Amir Aladdin Ali bin Nasser al-Din Muhammad.
8- Kamelyeh school: Hajj Kamel, a native of Tripoli.
9- Bastyeh school: Judge Zainuddin Abdul Basit bin Khalil Al-dameshqy.
10- School of Tulunyeh: Shahabuddin Ahmed Ibn Nasser Mohammad Tuluni Zaheri.
11- Ghaderyeh school: the wife of the emir Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Alghader.
12- religious school: Amir Hossein Al-kashkaly.
13- Osmaniye School: Lady Isfahan Shah Khatoon.
14- Joharyeh school: Johar Al-safavy Alqanqabay.
15- Rabat Zamni: Khajeh Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Alzamn.
16 Mazharyeh school: Abu Bakr ibn Mazhar al Ansari al-Shafei.
17- School of Ashrafieh: Malek Al-ashraf Sayf al-Din Abalnasr Qaytbay.
18- Dar Al-khatabeh: buildings dating from the late ninth century AH / fifteenth century.

D. The debris of the Ottoman period (923 1336 AH / 1517 1917 AD).
1. Qeymary Mosque of the tenth century buildings.
2. Dome of the Ravah: of the buildings in the tenth century.
3. Dome of Mozer: of the tenth century buildings.
4. Bath of Sultan: of the buildings in the tenth century.
5. Tomb of the prophet David: of the 930 buildings.
6. Mazaneh the castle: of the buildings of year 938.
7. Altar of the Dome of the Prophet: Mohammad Beck, of the governors of the city of Jerusalem.
8. Inn of Bayram: Bayram Shavysh Ben Mustafa.
9. Rasahyeh school: Bayram Shavysh Ben Mustafa.
10. Hussainiya minion of Sultan: minion of Sultan, the wife of Ottoman Sultan Selim.
11. The chamber of Mohammad Agha: it was built by Mohammad Agha in 996.
12. Jaame of Mevlevis: of the buildings of year 995.
13. Afghanyeh zavieh (al-Naqshbandia).
14. Alter of Ali Basha.
15. Cupola of Joseph.
16. Mr Yusuf dome.